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SINUMERIK 840D sl. Service - Functions. Manual (2018-2020) - page 94

Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

;

%

ˠ

˟

&

=

① Rotation around the abscissa

② Rotation around the applicate

Figure 3-39

Tool rotation

Commissioning

The function is commissioned using the machine and setting data.

See Chapter "Commissioning (Page 149)".

Activation

Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools is activated in the NC program with the

language commands CUTMOD (in combination with tool carriers with orientation capability) or

CUTMODK (for orientation transformations that were defined with kinematic chains).

See Chapter "Activating the modification of the offset data for rotatable tools (CUTMOD,

CUTMODK) (Page 160)".

Results

When the function and tool rotation are active, the modified data are made available in system

variables and OPI variables.

See Chapter "Activating the modification of the offset data for rotatable tools (CUTMOD,

CUTMODK) (Page 160)".

3.9.2

Rotating turning tools

3.9.2.1

Cutting edge position, cut direction, and angle for turning tools

Turning tools

Turning tools means the following tools whose tool type ($TC_DP1) has values in the range of

500 to 599. Grinding tools (tool types 400 to 499) are equivalent to turning tools.

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

Tools are treated independently of tool type such as turning tools if:

SD42950 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE = 2

Cutting edge position and cut direction

Turning tools are limited by their main and secondary cutting edges. The cutting edge position is

defined via the position of the primary and secondary cutting edges relative to the coordinate

axes. Two different cutting directions can be assigned to each cutting edge position.

;

=

①

Cutting edge position (1 - 8)

②

Cutting directions (1 - 4) assigned to the cutting edge position

Figure 3-40

Cutting edge position and cut direction

Cutting edge position

For cutting edge position 1 - 4, the primary and secondary cutting edge are in the same

quadrant.

For a cutting edge position of 5 - 8, the primary and secondary cutting edge are in adjacent

quadrants or there is a coordinate axis between the two cutting edges.

The cutting edge position is stored in the tool parameter $TC_DP2.

Cut direction

The cut directions 1 - 4 denote a positive or negative direction of the coordinate axes:

•

1: Ordinate -

•

2: Ordinate +

•

3: Abscissa -

•

4: Abscissa +

The cut direction is stored in the tool parameter $TC_DP11.

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

Holder angle and clearance angle

The following figure shows the holder angle and clearance angle for a rotary tool with cutting

edge position 3. The machining plane is G18 (Z/X). The cut direction is 3 (negative Z or abscissa

direction).

;

=

① Holder angle

② Wedge or plate angle = 180° - holder angle - clearance angle

③ Clearance angle

④ Cut direction

Figure 3-41

Angle and cut direction for a turning tool

Cut direction

The cut direction specifies the reference direction of the holder angle. The clearance angle is the

angle measured between the inverse cut direction and the adjacent cutting edge (positive).

Holder angle and clearance angle are stored in the tool parameters $TC_DP10 or $TC_DP24.

Note

Cut direction and tool angle are relevant only in the cutting edge positions 1 - 8.

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

˟ื

r

6

6/

3

QHZ

3ROG

r

6

r

3

6/

˟ื

r

6

6/

3QHZ

3ROG

S:

Cutting edge center point

P:

Cutting edge reference point

SL:

Cutting edge position

① Tool with cutting edge position 3, clearance angle 22.5°, and holder angle 112.5°

② For rotations of the tool up to 22.5°, the cutting edge position is maintained, the position of the

cutting edge reference point relative to the tool however, is compensated in such a way that the

relative position of both points is maintained in the machining plane.

③ For bigger tool rotations (up to 67.5°), the cutting edge position changes to value 8.

Figure 3-42

Cutting edge reference point and cutting edge position for tool rotation

Note

As the cutting edge reference point is defined by the tool length vector, modifying the cutting

edge reference point changes the effective tool length.

Tool rotation

The rotation of the tool tip and the tool adapter is described by tool parameter $TC_DPROT. This

parameter (angle) is only practical for tools that do not rotate symmetrically (e.g. turning tools,

boring bars). Rotation is performed around the direction that is defined by the vector product of

tool normal vector and tool orientation vector. For an active tool, this vector can be read with

system variable $P_TOOLBIN. For standard turning tools, this vector points toward the Z axis for

G18. I.e. it turns around the axis around which angle γ also turns.

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

3.9.3

Rotation of milling and drilling tools

3.9.3.1

Cutting edge position for milling and tapping tools

Milling and drilling tools

Milling and drilling tools means the following tools whose tool type ($TC_DP1) has values in the

range of 100 to 299.

Tools are treated independently of tool type such as milling and tapping tools if:

SD42950 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE = 1

Cutting edge position

A cutting edge position which is modified accordingly has also been introduced for the milling

and tapping tools defined as specified above (see Chapter "Modifications during rotation of

milling and tapping tools (Page 149)").

Note

A cutting edge position that is declared for tools that are not milling or tapping tools, or turning

tools according to the definitions stated above, is not evaluated.

The cutting edge position of the tapping and milling tools is stored in tool parameter $TC_DP2

as in the case of turning tools. Based on the definition of the cutting edge position for turning

tools, this parameter can assume the values 5 to 8. Here, the cutting edge position specifies the

orientation (the direction of the rotation axis) of the tool:

Cutting edge position

Direction of rotation axis of tool

5

Abscissa +

6

Ordinate +

7

Abscissa -

8

Ordinate -

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

6/

;

6/

6/

=

6/

Figure 3-43

Cutting edge position 5 - 8 of a milling tool

3.9.3.2

Modifications during rotation of milling and tapping tools

The cutting edge position is recalculated appropriately during a rotation of a milling or tapping

tool. Cut direction and tool angle (clearance angle or holder angle) are not defined for milling

and tapping tools so that the change in cutting edge position is derived exclusively from the

rotation. Thus, for milling and tapping tools, the cutting edge position always changes when the

amount of rotation with reference to the zero setting is more than 45°.

3.9.4

Commissioning

3.9.4.1

Parameter assignment

Response in the event of an error

Different fault conditions can occur during the activation of the function "Modification of the

offset data for rotatable tools" (by an explicit call in the part program or by tool selection). For

errors with error numbers < 100 (see Diagnostics Manual), it is possible to define whether the

error will trigger output of an alarm and, if so, whether such an alarm will only be displayed or

will also trigger program stop. The setting is made in the following machine data:

MD20125 $MC_CUTMOD_ERR

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

Two bits of the machine data are assigned to each fault condition:

Fault status

Bit

Meaning

No valid cutting direction is defined for the active tool.

0

Alarm output

1

Program stop

The cutting edge angle (clearance angle and holder angle) of the

2

Alarm output

active tool are both zero.

3

Program stop

The clearance angle of the active tool has an impermissible value

4

Alarm output

(< 0° or > 180°).

5

Program stop

The holder angle of the active tool has an impermissible value

6

Alarm output

(< 0° or > 90°).

7

Program stop

The tool insert angle of the active tool has an impermissible value

8

Alarm output

(< 0° or > 90°).

9

Program stop

The cutting edge position - holder angle combination of the active tool

10

Alarm output

is not permitted. (The holder angle must be ≤ 90° for cutting edge

11

Program stop

position 1 to 4; for cutting edge positions 5 to 8 it must be ≥ 90°.)

The tool insert is not in the machining plane and angle γ between the

12

Alarm output

tool insert and the machining plane exceeds the upper limit specified

13

Program stop

with setting data SD42998 $SC_CUTMOD_PLANE_TOL.

The tool insert is not in the machining plane. The magnitude of an-

14

Alarm output

gle α is greater than 1°. Angle α is the angle of rotation around the

15

Program stop

coordinate axis, which is perpendicular both to the axis of rotation of

angle β and to the axis of rotation of angle γ (in the case of G18, the

X axis).

Note

The 2nd bit (program stop) is only effective if the corresponding 1st bit (alarm output) is set.

Note

Errors with error numbers ≥ 100 always result in an alarm being output and program stop.

Initialization value for CUTMOD

The function that can be programmed with NC command CUTMOD (Page 152) is automatically

initialized with the following value after a warm restart:

MD20127 $MC_CUTMOD_INIT = <initialization value for CUTMOD>

Default value: 0

If MD20127 = -2, the value from the following machine data becomes the initialization value:

MD20126 $MC_TOOL_CARRIER_RESET_VALUE (active tool carrier on reset)

Function-specific tool settings

The following machine data is a bit string with which various functions relating to tools can be

controlled:

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

MD20360 $MC_TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK

The following bits are relevant for function "Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools".

Bit

Meaning

17

Bit 17 is used to set whether, on modification of the offset data for turning and grinding tools, the

cutting edge plane for calculating the offset values will be projected into the machining plane or

rotated.

= 0

The cutting edge plane is projected into the machining plane.

= 1

The cutting edge plane is rotated into the machining plane.

Note:

Bit 17 is only evaluated if the function is active in combination with a kinematic orientation

transformation.

18

Bit 18 is used to determine how the plane is defined for modification of offset data for turning and

grinding tools.

= 0

Priority is given to defining the plane with setting data SD42940

$SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST over defining the plane with the G commands of G Group

6 (plane selection G17 - G19).

= 1

The active plane (G17 - G19) is always used.

20

If tool parameters $TC_DP10 (holder angle) and/or $TC_DP24 (clearance angle) have the value

"0", default values deviating from "0" can be used to calculate the modified cutting edge position

and the modified cutting direction.

= 0

The following default values are used:

• Holder angle 112.5° for cutting edge positions 1 - 4

• Holder angle 67.5° for cutting edge positions 5 - 8

• Clearance angle 22.5° for cutting edge positions 1 - 4

• Clearance angle 67.5° for cutting edge positions 5 - 8

= 1

An alarm is output.

Note:

Bit 20 is used to establish compatibility with older software versions.

21

Bit 21 is used to set whether the active total frame will be taken into account in the modification

of the offset data when tool carrier with orientation capability is active.

= 0

Rotation of the table component of the tool carrier is taken into account. Frames are

ignored.

= 1

Instead of the table component of the tool carrier, the active total frame is used. The

total frame can also contain a table component of the tool carrier.

Difference between tool tip plane and machining plane for CUTMOD or CUTMODK

The maximum permissible angle through which the tool insert can be turned away from the

machining plane (standard G18) when function CUTMOD or CUTMODK (Page 160) is called (≙

maximum permissible deviation of γ from one of the two standard positions 0° or 180°) is set in

the setting data:

SD42998 $SC_CUTMOD_PLANE_TOL

Example:

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

Syntax

<RetVal> = ORISOLH(<Cntrl>,<W1>,<W2>)

Meaning

ORISOLH:

Function call

<RetVal>:

Function return value

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, -2, -3, ..., -17

Values:

0

Function has ended without an error.

-2

No valid transformation (6-axis orientation transformation) is

active.

-3

The first parameter (<Cntrl>) is negative.

-4

The unit position of the first parameter (<Cntrl>) is invalid.

Only the values 0 and 1 are permissible.

-5

The tens position of the first parameter (<Cntrl>) is invalid.

Only the values 0 to 3 are permissible.

-6

The hundreds position of the first parameter (<Cntrl>) is inva-

lid.

Only the values 0 and 1 are permissible.

-7

The thousands position of the first parameter (<Cntrl>) is in-

valid.

Only the values 0 to 3 are permissible.

-8

Angle γ is too large for the "Direct tool alignment" function.

-9

At least one of the specified axis positions violates an axis limit

for the "Direct tool alignment" function.

-10

No tool is active.

-11

The requested orientation cannot be set.

-12

The adaptation of the free axis angle for the Hirth joint is not

possible for the first or only solution.

-13

The adaptation of the free axis angle for the Hirth joint is not

possible for the second solution.

-14

The adaptation of the free axis angle for the Hirth joint is not

possible for either of the two solutions.

-15

The first orientation axis is parameterized as Hirth axis.

-16

The second as well as the third rotary axis has been parame-

terized as Hirth axis. Only one of the two axes can be the Hirth

axis.

-17

At least one of the specified axis positions is not compatible

with the associated Hirth joint for the "Swivel directly" func-

tion.

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

<Cntrl>:

Controls the behavior of the function

Data type:

INT

The <Cntrl> parameter is decimal coded (unit to thousands position):

Unit position:

The unit position controls the response to errors.

xxx0

In the event of an error (return value < 0), alarm 14106 is

output and program processing is aborted.

Note:

The alarm is also output irrespective of the value of the unit

position when the <Cntrl> parameter is negative.

xxx1

In the event of an error (return value < 0) no alarm is output.

The user can react suitably in the program.

Tens position:

Controls the behavior when an orientation axis with Hirth joint is

present.

Note:

This parameter is only evaluated for the "Tool alignment" function (i.e.

when the hundreds position has the value "0").

xx0x

The axis position is rounded off to the nearest position.

xx1x

The axis positions are rounded off so that the difference of

the β angle to its programmed value is minimal.

xx2x

The axis positions are rounded off so that the β angle is equal

to the highest possible value which is less than the program-

med value (β is rounded down).

xx3x

The axis positions are rounded off so that the β angle is equal

to the lowest possible value which is greater than the pro-

grammed value (β is rounded up).

Hundreds posi-

Specifies which function is to be executed or the significance of the

tion:

two following parameters <W1> and <W2>.

x0xx

"Tool alignment" function

Parameters <W1> and <W2> have the following meaning:

• <W1> = β

• <W2> = γ

The associated angles of the orientation axes are calculated.

x1xx

"Direct tool alignment" function

<W1> is the position specification for the second orientation

axis, <W2> is the position specification for the third orienta-

tion axis of a 6-axis transformation. The position of the first

orientation axis and the β and γ angles are defined which are

compatible with the two position specifications.

If no error occurs, two solutions are always output in the

$P_ORI_POS[<n>, <m>] system variables. The first index <n>

(0 or 1) refers to the solution and the second index <m>

(0 ... 2) to the orientation axis:

• $P_ORI_POS[0/1, 0]: Position of the first orientation axis

• $P_ORI_POS[0/1, 1]: Angle β

• $P_ORI_POS[0/1, 2]: Angle γ

A check is made as to whether the position specifications

<W1> and <W2> are compatible with any Hirth joints or active

software limits. If this is not the case, a corresponding error

number is returned (see <RetVal> parameter).

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

If the angles <W1> and <W2> are selected arbitrarily, the cut-

ting edge of the tool is generally not in the machining plane.

The angle γ through which the cutting edge is rotated out of

the machining plane, must not be greater than the limit value

which is defined by the setting data SD42999 $SC_ORI-

SOLH_INCLINE_TOL.

Thousands posi-

Specifies which positions of the solutions may be modified when the

tion:

hundreds position has the value "0", i.e. for the "Tool alignment" func-

tion.

0xxx

The calculated axis positions should be as close as possible to

the current machine axis positions.

1xxx

The calculated axis positions for modulo axes should be as

close as possible to the middle of the modulo range, for other

axes as close as possible to 0. For non-modulo axes, this

means that the axis positions are reduced to the range

-180° … +180°.

2xxx

The calculated axis positions should be reduced to the range

-180° … +180° irrespective of the axis type.

<W1>:

First angle

The meaning results from the hundreds position of the <Cntrl> paramter.

Data type:

REAL

<W1>:

Second angle

The meaning results from the hundreds position of the <Cntrl> paramter.

Data type:

REAL

Note

Parameters that have not been programmed have the default value "0".

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

Further information

The number of solutions found together with further status information when executing the

ORISOLH function, can be read via the following system variables:

System variable

Meaning

$P_ORI_POS

Returns the angles of the orientation axes that result from the orientation program-

[<n>, <m>]

ming.

<n>:

Index of the solution

Range of values:

0, 1

<m>:

Index of the orientation axis

Range of values:

0 ... 2

The order of the orientation axes (1 ... 3) refers to the

definition of the axes in $NT_ROT_AX_NAME.

When the ORISOLH function is called in the "Direct tool alignment" mode, the

$P_ORI_POS[0/1, 1] and P_ORI_POS[0/1, 2] variables contain the values of the two

angles β and γ belonging to the two solutions.

The first solution entered in $P_ORI_POS[<n>, <m>], i.e. with the index <n> = 0, is

always the solution that is selected by the control when the requested orientation is

approached directly. The second index <m> refers to the orientation axis, i.e. on

$NT_ROT_AX_NAME.

The axis positions entered in $P_ORI_POS[<n>, <m>] take into account the offsets

entered in $NK_OFF and $NK_OFF_FINE, i.e. these axis angles can be used in the

following blocks to set the required orientation without any further modification.

If a rotary axis is a Hirth axis, the solution positions are rounded off to the nearest

position of rest of the Hirth joint. For Hirth jointed rotary axes, you can read the

differences between the axis positions for the exact solutions and those of the solu-

tions adapted to the Hirth incrementing in the $P_ORI_DIFF system variable.

$P_ORI_DIFF

Returns the difference between the exact positions of the orientation axes and those

[<n>, <m>]

provided in $P_ORI_POS that result from the orientation programming.

<n>:

Index of the solution

Range of values:

0, 1

<m>:

Index of the orientation axis

Range of values:

0 ... 2

The order of the orientation axes (1 ... 3) refers to the

definition of the axes in $NT_ROT_AX_NAME.

The content can only be not equal to zero when the positions are incremented (Hirth

joint), i.e. when the system data $NT_HIRTH_INCR of the relevant axis is not equal to

zero and when this axis is a manual rotary axis.

Tools

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

System variable

Meaning

$P_ORI_SOL

If for an orientation transformation with more than one orientation axis, the axis

angles are calculated that should result in a specified orientation, there is generally

more than one solution. The $P_ORI_SOL system variables contain the number of

valid solutions together with additional status information.

The content of $P_ORI_SOL is coded as follows:

Values < 0

General error states

-1

No solutions have been calculated yet for the active transfor-

mation (missing call of ORISOLH).

-2

A transformation is not active, or the active transformation is

not an orientation transformation (6-axis transformation) that

can provide positions for a specified orientation programming.

-4

The desired orientation cannot be set with the present kine-

matics.

-5

No solution was found when the ORISOLH function was called

in the "Direct tool alignment" mode.

-6

Angle γ is too large when the ORISOLH function was called in

the "Direct tool alignment" mode.

-7

An angle was specified when the ORISOLH function was called

in the "Direct tool alignment" mode that cannot be set because

of the Hirth joint.

-8

The first orientation axis (frame axis) must not be parameter-

ized as Hirth axis.

-9

The second as well as the third rotary axis has been parame-

terized as Hirth axis. Only one of the two axes can be the Hirth

axis.

-10

No adaptation of the solution(s) to the Hirth joint has been

found.

Values > 0

Number of mathematically possible solutions without consideration

of axis limits and any error conditions.

Unit position

0

There is no solution, i.e. the requested orientation cannot be

set.

There can be three different causes for this case:

• In principle, the requested orientation cannot be achieved

because of the machine kinematics (orientation axes not

arranged at right angles) even with an arbitrary traversing

range of the orientation axes. In this case, the tens and

hundreds positions of $P_ORI_SOL are both zero, the

$P_ORI_STAT status variables assigned to the orientation

axis have the value "-4".

• The calculated solutions cannot be achieved because they

would violate the axis limits. The positions of the orienta-

tion axes that would result without the axis limits, can be

read in $P_ORI_POS.

• Axis positions were specified when the ORISOLH function

was called in the "Direct tool alignment" mode which would

result in either the orientation vector or the orientation

normal vector of the tool being aligned parallel to the first

orientation axis, whose position is to be calculated. The

position of this axis is not defined in these cases.

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Tool offset

3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

System variable

Meaning

1

There is a solution.

There can be three different causes for this case:

• Based on the specified orientation and the machine kine-

matics, there is only one solution (from the mathematical

point of view, two coinciding solutions) even without con-

sideration of the axis limits. This case occurs at the edge of

the orientation range for kinematics that are not at right

angles. $P_ORI_POS contains both (identical) solutions.

• There is only one solution because a second solution is in-

valid due to the violated axis limits. The valid solution is

always the first solution in $P_ORI_POS. The second solu-

tion which would result when the axis limits are not taken

into account, can also be read in $P_ORI_POS.

• This is the normal case when the ORISOLH function is called

in the "Direct tool alignment" mode. For the specified axis

positions of two orientation axes, there is generally only

one valid position for the missing orientation axis to be

calculated.

2

There are two solutions.

8

There are an infinite number of solutions, i.e. the position of an

orientation axis (the polar axis) is arbitrary. However, from the

two possible positions of the other axes, one is excludes be-

cause of the violated axis limits.

9

There are an infinite number of solutions, i.e. the position of an

orientation axis (the polar axis) is indefinite. The indefinite axis

can be determined from the hundreds position or from the

$P_ORI_STAT system variable.

Values > 0

Bit-coded display for violated axis limits. The precise cause of the error

can be determined from the $P_ORI_STAT system variable.

Tens posi-

tion

Bit 0 (value 10):

For at least one solution, at least one axis limit of

the first orientation axis is violated.

Bit 1 (value 20):

For at least one solution, at least one axis limit of

the second orientation axis is violated.

Bit 2 (value 40):

For at least one solution, at least one axis limit of

the third orientation axis is violated.

Values > 0

Bit-coded display for non-defined axis positions (can only occur when

there is an infinite number of solutions, i.e. when the unit position is

Hundreds

equal to "9").

position

Bit 0 (value 100):

The position of the first orientation axis is not de-

fined.

Bit 1 (value 200):

The position of the second orientation axis is not

defined.

Bit 2 (value 400):

The position of the third orientation axis is not

defined.

The designations first, second and third orientation axis refer to the definition of the

axes in $NT_ROT_AX_NAME.

Tools

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3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

System variable

Meaning

$P_ORI_STAT

Returns the status for each of the maximum three orientation axes after ORISOLH has

[<n>]

been called.

<n>:

Index of the orientation axis

(correspnds to the index of the relevant orientation axis in

$NT_ROT_AX_NAME)

Range of values:

0 ... 2

The order of the orientation axes (1 ... 3) refers to the

definition of the axes in $NT_ROT_AX_NAME.

The content of $P_ORI_STAT is coded as follows:

Values < 0

General error states

-1

The status is not defined (missing call of ORISOLH).

-2

A transformation is not active, or the active transformation is

not an orientation transformation (6-axis transformation) that

can provide positions for a specified orientation programming.

-3

The axis is not included in the active transformation.

-4

The position of the axis cannot be calculated because the re-

quested orientation cannot be achieved with the present kin-

ematics even with an arbitrary assumed traversing range of the

axis.

-5

Axis positions were specified when the ORISOLH function was

called in the "Direct tool alignment" mode which would result

in either the orientation vector or the orientation normal vector

of the tool being aligned parallel to the first orientation axis,

whose position is to be calculated. The position of this axis is

not defined in these cases.

-6

Angle γ is too large when the ORISOLH function was called in

the "Direct tool alignment" mode.

-7

An angle was specified when the ORISOLH function was called

in the "Direct tool alignment" mode that cannot be set because

of the Hirth joint.

-8

The first orientation axis (frame axis) must not be parameter-

ized as Hirth axis.

-9

The second as well as the third rotary axis has been parame-

terized as Hirth axis. Only one of the two axes can be the Hirth

axis.

-10

No adaptation of the solution(s) to the Hirth joint has been

found.

Values > 0

Bit-coded display for violated axis limits of the first solution.

Unit position

Bit 0 (value 1):

The first solution violates the lower axis limit.

Bit 1 (value 2):

The first solution violates the upper axis limit.

Values > 0

Bit-coded display for violated axis limits of the second solution.

Tens posi-

Bit 0 (value 10):

The second solution violates the lower axis limit.

tion

Bit 1 (value 20):

The second solution violates the upper axis limit.

Values > 0

Display of a non-defined axis position.

Hundreds

Bit 0 (value 100):

The position of the orientation axis is not defined,

position

i.e. the requested orientation is achieved with

each arbitrary setting of the rotary axis (polar po-

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3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

System variable

Meaning

sition). This information is also contained in the

$P_ORI_SOL system variable.

Of the error numbers that indicate a violation of the axis limits, several can occur

simultaneously. When an axis limit is violated, an attempt is made to reach a position

within the permissible axis limits by adding or subtracting multiples of 360°. If this is

not possible, it is not clearly defined whether the lower or the upper axis limit has

been violated.

If there is no solution for the requested orientation ($P_ORI_SOL = 0), the status of

the orientation axes in the transformation is "0".

Note

$NT_ROT_AX_NAME

This system variable refers to a maximum of three axes used for setting the orientation. It

contains the names of the chain elements ($NK_NAME) that define the machine axes (rotary

axes) that must perform the orientation movements resulting from a kinematic transformation.

The order in which the maximum three rotary axes are contained in this system variable is

irrelevant for the machine kinematics because this is derived from the structure of the kinematic

chains. However, as it defines the order in which other variables access the rotary axes, the order

of the orientation axes in $NT_ROT_AX_NAME must match the kinematic description.

Note

Status information

The status information that shows, for example, that an orientation cannot be achieved or can

only be achieved when relevant axis limits are violated, does not trigger an NC alarm. It is the

responsibility of the user to react suitably to the specified conditions.

3.9.5.2

Activating the modification of the offset data for rotatable tools (CUTMOD,

CUTMODK)

The modification of the offset data for rotatable tools is activated in the NC program via the

CUTMOD (in combination with orientable tool carriers) or CUTMODK language command (for

orientation transformations that were defined by means of kinematic chains).

Note

As the orientable tool carriers and orientation transformations that were defined by means of

kinematic chains cannot be active at the same time, there are no conflicts between the two

variants.

Syntax

CUTMOD = <Value>

or

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CUTMODK = <Command>

Meaning

CUTMOD:

Function call in combination with orientable tool carriers

<Value>:

Assigned value

Data type:

INT

Value:

0

The function is deactivated.

The values supplied from system variables $P_AD... are the same as

the corresponding tool parameters.

> 0

The function is activated if an orientable tool carrier with the speci-

fied number is active, i.e. the activation is linked to a specific ori-

entable tool carrier.

The values supplied from system variables $P_AD... may be modi-

fied with respect to the corresponding tool parameters depending

on the active rotation.

The deactivation of the designated orientable tool carrier tempo-

rarily deactivates the function; the activation of another orientable

tool carrier permanently deactivates it. This is the reason why in the

first case, the function is re-activated when again selecting the

same orientable tool carrier; in the second case, a new selection is

required - even if at a subsequent time, the orientable tool carrier is

re-activated with the specified number.

The function is not influenced by a reset.

-1

The function is always activated if an orientable tool carrier is active.

When changing the tool carrier or when de-selecting it and a sub-

sequent new selection, CUTMOD does not have to be set again.

-2

The function is always activated if an orientable tool carrier is active

whose number is the same as the currently active orientable tool

carrier.

If an orientable tool carrier is not active, then this has the same

significance as CUTMOD=0.

If an orientable tool carrier is active, then this has the same signif-

icance as when directly specifying the actual tool carrier number.

< -2

Values less than 2 are ignored, i.e. this case is treated as if CUTMOD

was not programmed.

Note:

This value range should not be used as it is reserved for possible

subsequent expansions.

CUTMODK:

Function call in combination with orientation transformations that have been defined by

means of kinematic chains

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3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

<Command>:

Assigned Command

Data type:

STRING

Value:

"NEW"

The states of an active transformation defined with kinematic

chains relevant for the "Modification of the offset data", the

name of the transformation and the current contour frame

are saved.

Note:

This command is only permissible when a suitable transfor-

mation (TRAORI_DYN, TRAORI_STAT or TRAANG_K) is active.

"OFF"

Switches the active "Modification of the offset data" off. The

data previously stored with "NEW" is retained.

Note:

This command is also permissible when CUTMODK is not ac-

tive. It then remains without effect. Any data set present for

the "Modification of the offset data" is retained.

"ON"

With this command, the "Modification of the offset data" is re-

activated with a data set previously stored with the "NEW"

command.

If a transformation with the name of the stored data set is

active when this command is executed, the "Modification of

the offset data" takes effect immediately. Otherwise, the ac-

tivation is delayed until an active transformation is activated.

"CLEAR"

As with the "OFF" command, switches the "Modification of

the offset data" off and also deletes the stored data set.

Note:

This command is also permissible when CUTMODK is not ac-

tive.

Note

SD42984 $SC_CUTDIRMOD

The CUTMOD or CUTMODK command replaces the function that can be activated using the

setting data SD42984 $SC_CUTDIRMOD. However, this function remains available unchanged.

However, as it doesn't make sense to use both functions in parallel, it can only be activated if

CUTMOD is equal to zero and CUTMODK is the zero string.

Further information

Reading modified offset data

The modified offset data is provided in the following system variables and OPI variables:

Meaning

System variable

OPI variable

Cutting edge position

$P_AD[2]

cuttEdgeParam2

Holder angle

$P_AD[10]

cuttEdgeParam10

Cut direction

$P_AD[11]

cuttEdgeParam11

Clearance angle

$P_AD[24]

cuttEdgeParam24

The data is always modified with respect to the corresponding tool parameters ($TC_DP2[..., ...]

etc.) when the "Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools" function was activated with

Tools

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3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

the CUTMOD or CUTMODK command and the tool was rotated by an orientable tool carrier or a

suitable orientation transformation.

Further function-relevant system variables

System variable

Meaning

$P_CUTMOD_ANG /

Returns the angle through which a tool was rotated in the active machining

plane and the modified cutting edge data available for the CUTMOD and CUT-

$AC_CUTMOD_ANG

MODK functions.

$P_CUTMOD /

Reads the currently valid value that was last programmed with the CUTMOD

command (number of the tool carrier for which the modification of the offset

$AC_CUTMOD

data should be activated).

If the last programmed value was CUTMOD = -2 (activation with the currently

active orientable tool carrier), then the value "-2" is not returned in the system

variable, but rather the number of the orientable tool carrier active at the time

of programming.

$P_CUTMODK /

Reads the name of the transformation under which the currently valid data set

for the "Modification of the offset data" was created.

$AC_CUTMODK

$P_CUT_INV /

Supplies the value TRUE if the tool is rotated so that the spindle direction of

rotation must be inverted. To do this, the following four conditions must be

$AC_CUT_INV

fulfilled in the block to which the read operations refer:

1. If a turning or grinding tool is active

(tool types 400 to 599 and / or SD42950 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE = 2).

2. The modification of the offset data was activated with the CUTMOD

or CUTMODK command.

3. An orientable tool carrier or an orientation transformation defined with

kinematic chains is active, which was selected with the CUTMOD or CUT-

MODK command.

4. The tool is rotated by the orientable tool carrier or the kinematic orientation

transformation so that the resulting normal of the tool cutting edge is ro-

tated with respect to the initial position by more than 90° (typically 180°).

If at least one of the specified four conditions is not fulfilled, the variable returns

the value FALSE. For tools whose cutting edge position is not defined, the value

of the variable is always FALSE.

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3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

System variable

Meaning

$P_CUTMOD_ERR

Error state after the last call of the CUTMOD function

The CUTMOD function can also be called implicitly for a tool change. At a reset,

the variable is reset to zero. It is reset at every tool change and, if required,

rewritten.

The variable is bit-coded. The bits have the following meanings:

Bit 0:

No valid cut direction is defined for the active tool.

Bit 1:

The cutting edge angle (clearance angle and holder angle) of the ac-

tive tool are both zero.

Bit 2:

The clearance angle of the active tool has an impermissible value (< 0°

or > 180°).

Bit 3:

The holder angle of the active tool has an impermissible value (< 0° or

> 90°).

Bit 4:

The plate angle of the active tool has an impermissible value (< 0° or >

90°).

Bit 5:

The cutting edge position - holder angle combination of the active tool

is not permitted (the holder angle must be ≤ 90° for cutting edge

position 1 to 4; for cutting edge positions 5 to 8 it must be ≥ 90°).

Bit 6:

Illegal rotation of the active tool.

The tool was rotated out of the active machining plane by ± 90° (with

a tolerance of about 1°). The cutting edge position is therefore no

longer defined in the machining plane.

Bit 7:

The cutting plate is not in the machining plane and the angle between

the cutting plate and the machining plane exceeds the upper limit

specified with the setting data SD42998 $SC_CUTMOD_PLANE_TOL.

Bit 8:

The cutting plate is not in the machining plane. Angle α is greater than

1°. Angle α is the angle of rotation around the coordinate axis which is

perpendicular to the axis of rotation of angle β as well as to the axis of

rotation of angle γ (the X axis for G18).

$P_...: Preprocessing variables

$AC_...: Main run variables

All main run variables can be read in synchronized actions. A read access operation from the

preprocessing generates a preprocessing stop.

Plane change

To determine the modified cutting edge position, cutting direction and holder or clearance

angle, the evaluation of the cutting edge in the active plane (G17 - G19) is decisive.

However, if setting data SD42940 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST (change of the tool length

component when selecting the plane) has a valid non-zero value (plus or minus 17, 18 or 19),

its contents define the plane in which the relevant quantities are evaluated.

This priority rule of the setting data over the G code can be deactivated by setting bit 18 of the

machine data $MC_TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK. This means that when this bit is set, the

plane defined with the G command of group 6 is still valid.

Effectiveness of the modified cutting data

The modified cutting edge position and the modified cutting edge reference point are

immediately effective when programming, even for a tool that is already active. A tool does not

have to be re-selected for this purpose.

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3.9 Modification of the offset data for rotatable tools

3.9.6

Example

Example

For a tool with cutting edge position 3 and an orientable tool carrier that can rotate the tool

around the B axis, the cutting edge position shall be modified after a tool rotation with the aid

of the CUTMOD command.

;

%

r

=

r

6

r

3

6/

S:

Cutting edge center point

P:

Cutting edge reference point

SL:

Cutting edge position

Program code

Comment

N10 $TC_DP1[1,1]=500

N20 $TC_DP2[1,1]=3

;Cutting edge position

N30 $TC_DP3[1,1]=12

N40 $TC_DP4[1,1]=1

N50 $TC_DP6[1,1]=6

N60 $TC_DP10[1,1]=110

; Holder angle

N70 $TC_DP11[1,1]=3

; Cut direction

N80 $TC_DP24[1,1]=25

; Clearance angle

N90 $TC_CARR7[2]=0 $TC_CARR8[2]=1 $TC_CARR9[2]=0

; B axis

N100 $TC_CARR10[2]=0 $TC_CARR11[2]=0

; C axis

$TC_CARR12[2]=1

N110 $TC_CARR13[2]=0

N120 $TC_CARR14[2]=0

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3.10 Incrementally programmed compensation values

Constraint

If the behavior is set such that the offset remains active after the end of the program and RESET

MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK, bit6=1 (definition of basic control settings after reset/PP

end)

and if an incremental path is programmed in the first part program, the offset is always traversed

in addition to the programmed path.

Note

With this configuration, part programs should always begin with absolute programming.

3.10.2

Traversing in the direction of tool orientation (MOVT)

Typical application

On machines with toolholders with orientation capability, traversing should take place in the

tool direction (typically, when drilling) without activating a frame (e.g., using TOFRAME

or TOROT), on which one of the axes points in the direction of the tool.

This is also true of machines on which a frame defining the oblique plane is active during oblique

machining operations, but the tool cannot be set exactly perpendicular because an indexed

toolholder (Hirth tooth system) is restricting the setting of the tool orientation.

In these cases it is then necessary - contrary to the motion actually requested perpendicular to

the plane - to drill in the tool direction, as the drill would otherwise not be guided in the direction

of its longitudinal axis, which, among other things, would lead to breaking of the drill.

MOVT

The end point of such a motion is programmed with MOVT=

The programmed value is

effective incrementally in the tool direction as standard. The positive direction is defined from

the tool tip to the toolholder. The content of MOVT is thus generally negative for the infeed

motion (when drilling), and positive for the retraction motion. This corresponds to the situation

with normal paraxial machining, e.g., with G91Z

If the motion is programmed in the form MOVT=AC( ...), MOVT functions absolutely. In this

case a plane is defined, which runs through the current zero point, and whose surface normal

vector is parallel to the tool orientation. MOVT then gives the position relative to this plane:

=

;

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3.11 Assignment of tool length components to geometry axes

Figure 3-44

Definition of the position for absolute programming of a motion in tool direction

The reference to this auxiliary plane serves only to calculate the end position. Active frames are

not affected by this internal calculation.

Instead of MOVT= ... it is also possible to write MOVT=IC( ...) if it is to be plainly visible that

MOVT is to function incrementally. There is no functional difference between the two forms.

Supplementary conditions

The following supplementary conditions apply to programming with MOVT:

• It is independent of the existence of a toolholder with orientation capability. The direction of

the motion is dependent on the active plane. It runs in the direction of the vertical axes, i.e.,

with G17 in Z direction, with G18 in Y direction and with G19 in X direction. This applies both

where no toolholder with orientation capability is active and for the case of a toolholder with

orientation capability without rotary tool or with a rotary tool in its basic setting.

• MOVT acts similarly for active orientation transformation (345axis transformation).

• If in a block with MOVT the tool orientation is changed simultaneously (e.g., active 5axis

transformation by means of simultaneous interpolation of the rotary axes), the orientation

at the start of the block is decisive for the direction of movement of MOVT. The path of the tool

tip (TCP - Tool Center Point) is not affected by the change in orientation.

• Linear or spline interpolation (G0, G1, ASPLINE, BSPLINE, CSPLINE) must be active.

Otherwise, an alarm is produced. If a spline interpolation is active, the resultant path is

generally not a straight line, since the end point determined by MOVT is treated as if it had

been programmed explicitly with X, Y, Z.

• A block with MOVT must not contain any programming of geometry axes (alarm 14157).

3.11

Assignment of tool length components to geometry axes

3.11.1

Assignment according to tool type and working plane.

The values of the tool parameters length 1 ... 3 are stored in the system variables

$TC_DP3 ... $TC_DP5 (see Chapter "Tool parameters (Page 32)"). The assignment to the

geometry axes and therefore the resultant cutting direction of the tool length components

depends on the tool type ($TC_DP1) and the active machining plane (G17/G18/G19).

Table 3-1

Turning/grinding tools ($TC_DP1 = 400 … 599)

Working plane

Length 1

Length 2

Length 3

G17 (X/Y)

Y

X

Z

G18 (Z/X)

X

Z

Y

G19 (Y/Z)

Z

Y

X

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3.11 Assignment of tool length components to geometry axes

Table 3-2

Milling tools / special tools ($TC_DP1 <> 400 … 599)

Working plane

Length 1

Length 2

Length 3

G17 (X/Y)

Z

Y

X

G18 (Z/X)

Y

X

Z

G19 (Y/Z)

X

Z

Y

3.11.2

Assignment when changing plane

The assignment of tool length components (length, wear, and tool base dimension) to the

geometry axes does not change when the machining plane is changed if the following setting

data is set to not equal to zero:

SD42940 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST <> 0

The assignment of the tool length components to the geometry axes is then derived from the

ones and tens position of the setting data as shown in the following tables

Table 3-3

Turning / grinding tools ($TC_DP1 = 400 … 599)

SD42940

Assignment of tool length components to geometry axes

Length L1

Length L2

Length L3

= x17

Y

X

Z

= x18

X

Z

Y

= x19

Z

Y

X

= -x17

X

Y

Z

= -x18

Z

X

Y

= -x19

Y

Z

X

Table 3-4

Milling / special tools ($TC_DP1 <> 400 … 599)

SD42940

Assignment of tool length components to geometry axes

Length L1

Length L2

Length L3

= x17

Z

Y

X

= x18

Y

X

Z

= x19

X

Z

Y

= -x17

Z

X

Y

= -x18

Y

Z

X

= -x19

X

Y

Z

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3.11 Assignment of tool length components to geometry axes

Each value not equal to 0 and not equal to one of the six listed values is evaluated as value "17"

(for milling/special tools) or "18" (for turning/grinding tools)..

Note

Assignment of tool orientation components

The assignment of the tool orientation components is not influenced by SD42940

$SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST.

If necessary, the following setting data must be adapted:

• SD42954 $SC_TOOL_ORI_CONST_M

• SD42956 $SC_TOOL_ORI_CONST_T

See Chapter "Tool orientation for plane change (Page 172)".

3.11.3

Assignment independent of tool type

With the following setting data, the assignment of the tool length components (length, wear

and tool base dimension) to the geometry axes that is independent of the actual tool type

($TC_DP1) can be defined:

SD42950 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE = <value>

<value>

Assignment of the tool length components

0 (default value)

In accordance with the specification in the system variable $TC_DP1[...].

A distinction is made between the following tool types:

• $TC_DP1[...] == 400 ... 599 ⇒ turning/grinding tools

• $TC_DP1[...] <> 400 ... 599 ⇒ milling/special tools

1

Always as for milling/special tools.

2

Always as for turning/grinding tools.

3

Activates setting data SD42942 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST_T.

With this setting, it is possible to define the assignment of the tool length compo-

nents that is effective on a machining plane change (Page 170) separately for mill-

ing/special tools and turning/grinding tools:

SD42940 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST

Assignment for milling/special tools

SD42942 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST_T

Assignment for turning/grinding tools

Example:

SD42940 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST = 17

SD42942 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST_T = 18

Tool length compensations for milling/special tools take effect in plane G17; length

compensations for turning/grinding tools take effect in plane G18.

> 3

As for SD42950 = 0.

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3.12 Paraxial tool orientation

3.12

Paraxial tool orientation

3.12.1

Basic tool orientation

The basic tool orientation results from the active machining plane:

Working plane

Tool orientation (basic setting)

G17 (X/Y)

Parallel to Z

G18 (Z/X)

Parallel to Y

G19 (Y/Z)

Parallel to X

3.12.2

Tool orientation for plane change

A setting in the setting data determines how the tool orientation changes when the machining

plane is changed.

• SD42954 $SC_TOOL_ORI_CONST_M (for milling/special tools)

• SD42956 $SC_TOOL_ORI_CONST_T (for turning/grinding tools)

Standard behavior

With the default setting (SD42954 and SD42956 = 0), the tool orientation changes with a plane

change as follows:

Plane change

Change in tool orientation

G17 → G18

1. Rotation by -90° about the Z coordinate

G18 → G19

2. Rotation by -90° about the X coordinate

G19 → G17

G18 → G17

1. Rotation by 90° about the X coordinate

G19 → G18

2. Rotation by 90° about the Z coordinate

G17 → G19

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3.12 Paraxial tool orientation

Constant tool orientation for a plane change

If SD42954 or SD42956 are not equal to zero, a right-handed orthogonal tool coordinate system

is defined, which remains unchanged if the machining plane is changed (G17-G19). The

orientation coordinate system is determined by the orientation vector and an orientation

normal vector perpendicular to it. The basic orientation is defined by the ones and tens position

of the setting data:

Table 3-5

Milling / special tools ($TC_DP1 <> 400 … 599)

SD42954

Coordinate system of the tool orientation

Orientation vector

Orientation normal vector

= xx17

(0, 0, 1)

(0, 1, 0)

= xx18

(0, 1, 0)

(1, 0, 0)

= xx19

(1, 0, 0)

(0, 0, 1)

Table 3-6

Turning / grinding tools ($TC_DP1 = 400 … 599)

SD42956

Coordinate system of the tool orientation

Orientation vector

Orientation normal vector

= xx17

(0, 0, 1)

(0, 1, 0)

= xx18

(0, 1, 0)

(1, 0, 0)

= xx19

(1, 0, 0)

(0, 0, 1)

Each value not equal to 0 and not equal to one of the three listed values is evaluated as value "17"

(for milling/special tools) or "18" (for turning/grinding tools).

Further information

A detailed description of SD42954 and SD42956 is given in the List Manual System Variables.

Note

In the case of tools whose orientation is defined by cutting edge data ($TC_DPV…), SD42954 or

SD42956 is usually ignored (see Chapter "Parameterizable basic tool orientation (Page 174)").

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3.13 Parameterizable basic tool orientation

MD18114 $MN_MM_ENABLE_TOOL_ORIENTATION = <value>

<value>

Meaning

0

The function "Parameterizable basic tool orientation" is not active.

1

Activation of system variables:

• Function selection: $TC_DPV[...]

With the system variable $TC_DPV[...] = 1, 2, ... 6, one of six predefined basic tool orientations

can be assigned for each tool cutting edge D=<d> of a tool T=<t>.

2

Activation of system variables:

• Function selection: $TC_DPV[...]

• Orientation vector: $TC_DPV3[...], $TC_DPV4[...] and $TC_DPV5[...]

With the system variables $TC_DPV[...] = 0 and $TC_DPV3[...], $TC_DPV4[...] and

$TC_DPV5[...], any orientation vector can be assigned for each tool cutting edge D=<d> of a

tool T=<t>.

3

Activation of system variables:

• Function selection: $TC_DPV[...]

• Orientation vector: $TC_DPV3[...], $TC_DPV4[...] and $TC_DPV5[...]

• Normal vector for the orientation vector: $TC_DPVN3[...], $TC_DPVN4[...] and

$TC_DPVN5[...]

With the setting $TC_DPV[...] = 0, any orientation vector can be assigned for each tool cutting

edge D=<d> of a tool T=<t> with the system variables $TC_DPV3[...], $TC_DPV4[...] and

$TC_DPV5[...]. Additionally, a normal vector can be defined for the orientation vector with the

system variables $TC_DPVN3[...], $TC_DPVN4[...] and $TC_DPVN5[...].

3.13.2.2

Parameterization

Assignment of the system variables $TC_DPVx[...]

A differentiation is made between the following tool types in accordance with the specification

in system variable $TC_DP1[...]:

• $TC_DP1[...] == 400 ... 599 ⇒ turning/grinding tools

• $TC_DP1[...] <> 400 ... 599 ⇒ milling/special tools

The basic tool orientation programmed in $TC_DPVx[...] is assigned to the coordinate axes

depending on the tool type.

The tool type may be changed over by the setting in setting data SD42950

$SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE (as described in Chapter "Assignment independent of tool type

(Page 171)" for tool length components).

If no other orientation is defined in setting data SD42954 $SC_TOOL_ORI_CONST_M and

SD42956 $SC_TOOL_ORI_CONST_T (Page 172), the standard case (G17 for milling/special tools,

G18 for turning/grinding tools) applies for assignment of the system variables $TC_DPVx[...]:

Tool type

TC_DPV3[…]

TC_DPV4[…]

TC_DPV5[…]

Turning/grinding tools

X

Z

Y

Milling/special tools

Z

Y

X

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3.13 Parameterizable basic tool orientation

Setting options

Basically, the following setting options are available:

•

$TC_DPV[...] == 0 AND $TC_DPV3 - 5[...] == 0

The vector for the basic tool orientation results from the active machining plane:

- G17: Z coordinate

- G18: Y coordinate

- G19: X coordinate

See also "Paraxial tool orientation (Page 172)".

•

$TC_DPV[...] == 0 AND $TC_DPV3 - 5[...] <> 0

The vector for the basic tool orientation is prescribed by $TC_DPV3 - 5[...] and $TC_DPVN3 -

5[...]:

- $TC_DPV3[...] = <L1 component of the orientation vector>

- $TC_DPV4[...] = <L2 component of the orientation vector>

- $TC_DPV5[...] = <L3 component of the orientation vector>

- $TC_DPVN3[...] = <L1 component of the normal vector>

- $TC_DPVN4[...] = <L2 component of the normal vector>

- $TC_DPVN5[...] = <L3 component of the normal vector>

Example:

Basic tool orientation points in the direction of the bisectors in the L1-L3 plane, i.e. for a

milling tool and active plane G17, in the direction of the bisectors in the ZX plane.

$TC_DPV[1,1]

= 0

$TC_DPV3[1,1] = 1.0

$TC_DPV4[1,1] = 0.0

$TC_DPV5[1,1] = 1.0

Note

The system variables $TC_DPVN3-5[...] are not relevant for rotationally symmetrical tools

such as milling tools.

•

$TC_DPV[...] == 1, 2, ... 6

The vector for the basic tool orientation is prescribed by $TC_DPV[...].

The following tables show which basic tool orientations are predefined and can be selected

via $TC_DPV[...].

Selection of a predefined orientation vector

$TC_DPV[...] = <value>

Table 3-7

Turning / grinding tools ($TC_DP1 = 400 … 599)

<value>

$TC_DPV3[...] /

$TC_DPV5[...] /

$TC_DPV4[...] /

$TC_DPVN3[...]

$TC_DPVN5[...]

$TC_DPVN4[...]

1

0 / 0

1 / 0

0 / 1

2

1 / 0

0 / 1

0 / 0

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Tool offset

3.13 Parameterizable basic tool orientation

<value>

$TC_DPV3[...] /

$TC_DPV5[...] /

$TC_DPV4[...] /

$TC_DPVN3[...]

$TC_DPVN5[...]

$TC_DPVN4[...]

3

0 / 1

0 / 0

1 / 0

4

0 / 0

-1 / 0

0 / -1

5

-1 / 0

0 / -1

0 / 0

6

0 / -1

0 / 0

-1 / 0

Table 3-8

Milling / special tools ($TC_DP1 <> 400 … 599)

<value>

$TC_DPV5[...] /

$TC_DPV4[...] /

$TC_DPV3[...] /

$TC_DPVN5[...]

$TC_DPVN4[...]

$TC_DPVN3[...]

1

0 / 1

0 / 0

1 / 0

2

0 / 0

1 / 0

0 / 1

3

1 / 0

0 / 1

0 / 0

4

0 / -1

0 / 0

-1 / 0

5

0 / 0

-1 / 0

0 / -1

6

-1 / 0

0 / -1

0 / 0

Examples

Turning/grinding tools:

$TC_DPV[...] = 2

Corresponds $TC_DPV3[...] = 1

to

$TC_DPV4[...] = 0

$TC_DPV5[...] = 0

$TC_DPVN3[...] = 0

$TC_DPVN4[...] = 0

$TC_DPVN5[...] = 1

Milling/special tools:

$TC_DPV[...] = 3

Corresponds $TC_DPV3[...] = 0

to

$TC_DPV4[...] = 0

$TC_DPV5[...] = 1

$TC_DPVN3[...] = 0

$TC_DPVN4[...] = 1

$TC_DPVN5[...] = 0

Tools

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Tool offset

3.14 Special handling of tool offsets

Function

The following components are mirrored by inverting the sign:

• Tool lengths: $TC_DP3, $TC_DP4, $TC_DP5

• Tool base dimensions: $TC_DP21, $TC_DP22, $TC_DP23

Mirroring is performed for all tool base dimensions whose associated axes are mirrored. Wear

values are not mirrored.

Mirror wear values

The following setting data should be set in order to mirror the wear values:

SD42910 $SC_MIRROR_TOOL_WEAR <> 0 (Sign change tool wear when mirroring)

Inverting the sign mirrors the wear values of the tool length components whose associated axes

are mirrored.

'

;

;

:

:

0

=

=

0

0DFKLQLQJ VLWXDWLRQ

0DFKLQLQJ VLWXDWLRQ

' RSHUDWHV LQ :&6

' RSHUDWHV LQ :&6

Figure 3-45

Application example: Double-spindle turning machine

3.14.3

Mirroring wear lengths

Activation

Wear length mirroring is activated by:

SD42920 $SC_WEAR_SIGN_CUTPOS <> 0 (TRUE) (Sign of wear for tools with cutting edge

systems)

Function

Length of cutting edge

Length 1

Length 2

1

---

---

2

---

Inverted

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Tool offset

3.14 Special handling of tool offsets

Length of cutting edge

Length 1

Length 2

3

Inverted

Inverted

4

Inverted

---

5

---

---

6

---

---

7

---

Inverted

8

Inverted

---

9

---

---

In the case of tool types without a relevant cutting edge position, the wear length is not mirrored.

Note

The mirroring (sign inversion) in one or more components can cancel itself through a

simultaneous activation of the functions:

Tool length-mirroring (SD42900 <> 0)

And:

Tool length-mirroring (SD42920 <> 0)

SD42930 $SC_WEAR_SIGN

Setting data not equal to zero:

Inverts the sign of all wear dimensions. This affects both the tool length and other variables such

as tool radius, rounding radius, etc.

Entering a positive wear dimension makes the tool "shorter" and "thinner".

Activation of modified setting data

When the setting data described above are modified, the tool components are not reevaluated

until the next time a tool edge is selected. If a tool is already active and the data of this tool are

to be reevaluated, the tool must be selected again.

Example:

N10 $SC_WEAR_SIGN = 0

; No sign inversion of the wear values

N20 $TC_DP1[1,1] = 120

; End mill

N30 $TC_DP6[1,1] = 100

; Tool radius 100 mm

N40 $TC_DP15[1,1] = 1

; Wear dimension of tool radius 1 mm, resulting

tool radius 101 mm

N100 T1 D1 G41 X150 Y20

N150 G40 X300N10

Tools

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Tool offset

3.14 Special handling of tool offsets

If the transformation is deactivated with the tool in this direction, the tool orientation is, by

definition, parallel again to the Z axis and thus different to its actual orientation. The

temperature offset in the X axis direction is therefore reduced to zero and reapplied

simultaneously in the Z direction.

Example of a 5-axis machine with rotating tool (transformation type 24). The relevant machine

data is listed below:

• The first rotary axis rotates around Z, C-axis

• The second rotary axis rotates around Y, B-axis

The essential machine data is shown in the table below:

Machine data

Value

Remark

MD20390 $MC_TOOL_TEMP_COMP_ON

= TRUE

Temperature compensation active

MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ AX1 ]

= 4

Compensation in tool direction

MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ AX2 ]

= 4

Compensation in tool direction

MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ AX3 ]

= 4

Compensation in tool direction

Assignment of transformation type

24

MD24100 $MC_TRAFO_TYPE_1

= 24

Transformer type 24 in first channel

MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[0]

= 1

First axis of the transformation

MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[1]

= 2

Second axis of the transformation

MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[2]

= 3

Third axis of the transformation

MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[3]

= 5

Fifth axis of the transformation

MD24110 $MC_TRAFO_AXES_IN_1[4]

= 4

Fourth axis of the transformation

MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[0]

= 1

Geometry axis for channel axis 1

MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[1]

= 2

Geometry axis for channel axis 2

MD24120 $MC_TRAFO_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB_1[2]

= 3

Geometry axis for channel axis 3

MD24570 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_1[0]

= 0.0

MD24570 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_1[1]

= 0.0

Direction

MD24570 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_1[2]

= 1.0

First rotary axis is parallel to Z

MD24572 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_2[0]

= 0.0

Direction

MD24572 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_2[1]

= 1.0

Second rotary axis is parallel to Y

MD24572 $MC_TRAFO5_AXIS1_2[2]

= 0.0

MD25574 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_ORIENT_1[0]

= 0.0

MD25574 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_ORIENT_1[1]

= 0.0

Basic tool orientation

MD25574 $MC_TRAFO5_BASE_ORIENT_1[2]

= 1.0

In Z direction

Tools

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Tool offset

3.14 Special handling of tool offsets

Temperature compensation values in the NC program

The compensation values assigned to axes X and Z are not zero and are applied for temperature

compensation with respect to tool length. The machine axis positions reached in each case are

specified as comments in the program lines.

Program code

Comment

$SC_TOOL_TEMP_COMP[0] = -0.3

; Compensation value in X

$SC_TOOL_TEMP_COMP[1] = 0.0

$SC_TOOL_TEMP_COMP[2] = -1.0

; Compensation value in Z

; Position setpoints of the machine

axes

N10 G74 X0 Y0 Z0 A0 B0

; X Y Z

N20 X20 Y20 Z20 F10000

; 20.30 20.00 21.00

N30 TRAORI()

; 20.30 20.00 21.00

N40 X10 Y10 Z10 B90

; 11.00 10.00 9.70

N50 TRAFOOF

; 10.30 10.00 11.00

N60 X0 Y0 Z0 B0 C0

; 0.30 0.00 1.00

N70 M30

With the exception of block N40, temperature compensation always acts in the original

directions, as the tool is pointing in the basic orientation direction. This applies particularly in

block N50. The tool is actually still pointing in the direction of the X axis because the B axis is still

at 90 degrees. However, because the transformation is already deactivated, the applied

orientation is parallel to the Z axis again.

Machine data

Value

Remark

MD20390 $MC_TOOL_TEMP_COMP_ON

= TRUE

Temperature compensation active

MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ AX1 ]

= 4

Compensation in tool direction

MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ AX2 ]

= 4

Compensation in tool direction

MD32750 $MA_TEMP_COMP_TYPE[ AX3 ]

= 4

Compensation in tool direction

Further information

• For more details on "Temperature compensation" see:

Function Manual Monitoring and Compensations; Compensations

• For information on "Generic 5-axis transformations" see:

Function Manual Transformations; Multi-axis transformations

3.14.6

Special characteristics of orientable tool carriers

Setting data SD42900 - SD42950

Setting data SD42900 - SD42950 have no effect on the components of an active tool carrier with

orientation capability. The calculation with a tool carrier with orientation capability always

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

The "setup offset" and "sum offset fine" can be read and written via system variables and

corresponding OPI services.

Note

When tool management is active, a machine data item can be used to define whether the sum

offset of a tool activated during a programmed tool change remains unchanged or is set to zero.

Summary of compensation parameters $TC_DPx

The following general system variables were previously defined for describing a cutting edge:

$TC_DP1

Tool type

$TC_DP2

Cutting edge position

Parameters for geometry and wear

Tool geometry compensations are assigned to system variables $TC_DP3 to $TC_DP11. System

variables $TC_DP12 to $TC_DP20 allow you to name a wear for each of these parameters:

Geometry

Wear

Compensations

Length compensations

$TC_DP3

$TC_DP12

Length 1

$TC_DP4

$TC_DP13

Length 2

$TC_DP5

$TC_DP14

Length 3

Radius compensation

$TC_DP6

$TC_DP15

Radius 1

$TC_DP7

$TC_DP16

Radius 2

Other compensations

$TC_DP8

$TC_DP17

Length 4

$TC_DP9

$TC_DP18

Length 5

$TC_DP10

$TC_DP19

Angle 1

$TC_DP11

$TC_DP20

Angle 2

Tool base dimension or adapter dimension

$TC_DP21

Adapter length 1

$TC_DP22

Adapter length 2

$TC_DP23

Adapter length 3

Tools

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

Technology

System variable

Clearance angle

$TC_DP24

The clearance angle is stored here for ManualTurn; tool type 5xx. Same sig-

nificance as in standard cycles for turning tools.

The tip angle of the drill is stored here for ShopMill; tool type 2xx.

Used in standard cycles for turning tools; tool type 5xx. This is the angle at the

secondary cutting edge for these tools.

$TC_DP25

The value for the cutting rate is stored here for ManualTurn.

A bit-coded value for various states of tool types 1xx and 2xx is stored here for

ShopMill.

Parameters of the sum and setup offsets ($TC_SCPxy, $TC_ECPxy)

The numbering of the parameters is oriented to the numbering of system variables $TC_DP3 to

$TC_DP11.

The effect of the parameters is similar to the wear (additive to the tool geometry). Up to six sum/

setup parameters can be defined per cutting edge parameter.

Tool geometry parame-

Sum / setup parameters

Tool wear param-

ters

eter

(to which the compen-

sation is added)

Length compensations

$TC_DP3

Length 1

$TC_DP12

$TC_SCP13, $TC_SCP23,$TC_SCP33,

$TC_SCP43,$TC_SCP53,$TC_SCP63

$TC_ECP13, $TC_ECP23,$TC_ECP33,

$TC_ECP43,$TC_ECP53,$TC_ECP63

The numbers in bold, 1, 2, ... 6, designate the parame-

ters of a maximum of six (location-dependent or similar)

compensations that can be programmed with DL =1 to

6 for the parameter specified in column one.

$TC_DP4

Length 2

$TC_DP13

$TC_SCP14, $TC_SCP24,$TC_SCP34,

$TC_SCP44,$TC_SCP54,$TC_SCP64

$TC_ECP14, $TC_ECP24,$TC_ECP34,

$TC_ECP44,$TC_ECP54,$TC_ECP64

$TC_DP5

Length 3

$TC_DP14

etc

Radius compensation

$TC_DP6

Radius

$TC_DP15

$TC_DP7

Corner radius

$TC_DP16

Other compensations

$TC_DP8

Length 4

$TC_DP17

Tools

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

Tool geometry parame-

Sum / setup parameters

Tool wear param-

ters

eter

(to which the compen-

sation is added)

$TC_DP9

Length 5

$TC_DP18

$TC_DP10

Angle 1

$TC_DP19

...etc.

$TC_DP11

Angle 2

$TC_DP20

$TC_SCP21, $TC_SCP31,$TC_SCP41,

$TC_SCP51,$TC_SCP61,$TC_SCP71

$TC_ECP21, $TC_ECP31,$TC_ECP41,

$TC_ECP51,$TC_ECP61,$TC_ECP71

The numbers in bold, 2, 3, ... 7, designate the parame-

ters of a maximum of six (location-dependent or similar)

compensations that can be programmed with DL =1 to

6 for the parameter specified in column one.

Supplementary conditions

The maximum number of DL data sets of a cutting edge and the total number of sum offsets in

the NC are defined via machine data. The default value is zero, i.e. no sum offsets can be

programmed.

Activate the "monitoring function" to monitor a tool for wear or for "sum offset".

The additional sum/setup data sets use additional buffered memory. 8 bytes are required per

parameter.

A sum offset data set requires: 8 bytes * 9 parameters = 72 bytes

A setup data set requires an equal amount of memory. A certain number of bytes is also required

for internal management data.

3.15.3

Activation

Function

The function must be activated via the machine data:

MD18108 $MN_MM_NUM_SUMCORR (sum offsets in TO area).

System variables $TC_ECPx and $TC_SCPx and setup and sum offsets ("fine") defined via the OPI

interface can be activated in the part program.

This is done by programming the language command DL="number".

When a new D number is activated, either a new DL number is programmed, or the DL number

defined via the following machine data becomes active:

MD20272 $MC_SUMCORR_DEFAULT (basic setting of the sum offset without a program)

Tools

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

$GGLWLYH RIIVHW

7&B6&3

>W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

' RIIVHW

$GGLWLYH RIIVHW

7&B'3 >W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

7&B'3 >W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

7&B'3

>W

@

7&B'3

>W

@

Figure 3-46

MD18112 $MN_MM_KIND_OF_SUMCORR, bit 4 = 0

The tool with T = t is active. With the data in the figure, the following is programmed:

D2

;

Cutting edge compensations, i.e. $TC_DP3 to $TC_DP11 + wear ($TC_DP12 to

$TC_DP20) + adapter dimension

DL=1

;

Sum offset 1 is added to the previous D2 compensations, i.e. $TC_SCP13 to

$TC_SCP21.

DL=2

;

Sum offset 2 is added to the D2 compensation instead of sum offset 1, i.e.

$TC_SCP23 to $TC_SCP31.

DL=0

;

Deselection of sum offset;

only the data of D2 remains active.

MD18112 $MN_MM_KIND_OF_SUMCORR, bit 4=1: Setup offsets are available

The sum offset is now composed of the "sum offset fine" (represented by $TC_SCPx) and the

setup offset (represented by $TC_ECPx). Two data sets therefore exist for one DL number. The

sum offset is calculated by adding the corresponding components ($TC_ECPx + $TC_SCPx).

Tools

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3.15 Sum and setup offsets

6HWXS RIIVHW

$GGLWLYH RIIVHW

ILQH

7&B(&3

>W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

7&B(&3

>W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

' RIIVHW

6HWXS RIIVHW

$GGLWLYH RIIVHW

7&B'3 >W

@

ILQH

7&B'3 >W

@

7&B(&3

>W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

7&B'3

>W

@

7&B(&3

>W

@

7&B6&3

>W

@

7&B'3

>W

@

7&B'3&(>W

@

Figure 3-47

MD18112 $MN_MM_KIND_OF_SUMCORR, bit 4 = 1 "setup offsets" + "sum offsets fine"

The tool with T = t is active. With the data in the figure, the following is programmed:

D2

;

Cutting edge compensations, i.e. $TC_DP3 to $TC_DP11 + wear ($TC_DP12 to

$TC_DP20) + adapter dimension

DL=1

;

Sum offset 1 is added to the previous D2 compensations, i.e. $TC_ECP13 +

$TC_SCP13 to $TC_ECP21 + $TC_SCP21.

DL=2

;

Sum offset 2 is added to the D2 compensation instead of sum offset 1; i.e.

$TC_ECP23 + $TC_SCP23,...$TC_ECP31 + $TC_SCP31

DL=0

;

Deselection of sum offset. Only the data of D2 remains active.

Reading/writing in the part program

The individual sets of sum offset parameters are differentiated according to the number ranges

of system variable $TC_SCP.

The significance of the individual variables is similar to geometry variables $TC_DP3 to

$TC_DP11. Only length 1, length 2 and length 3 are enabled for the basic functionality (variables

$TC_SCP13 to $TC_SCP15 for the first sum offset of the cutting edge).

R5 = $TC_SCP13[ t, d ]

;

Sets the value of the R parameter to the value of the first

component of sum offset 1 for cutting edge (d)

on tool (t).

R6 = $TC_SCP21[ t, d ]

;

Sets the value of the R parameter to the value of the last

component of sum offset 1 for cutting edge (d) on tool (t).

R50 = $TC_SCP23[ t, d ]

;

Sets the value of the R parameter to the value of the first

component of sum offset 2 for cutting edge (d) on tool (t).

$TC_SCP43[ t, d ] = 1.234

;

Sets the value of the first component of sum offset 4 for

cutting edge (d) on tool (t) to the value 1.234.

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

The above statements also apply to the setup offsets (if the NCK is configured with this option),

i.e.

R5 = $TC_ECP13[ t, d ]

;

Sets the value of the R parameter to the value of the first

component of setup offset 1 for cutting edge (d) on tool (t).

R6 = $TC_ECP21[ t, d ]

;

Sets the value of the R parameter to the value of the last

component of setup offset 1 for cutting edge (d) on tool (t).

etc.

When working with setup offsets, "sum offsets fine" are written with the $TC_SCPx system

variables.

Creating a new sum offset

If the compensation data set (x) does not yet exist, it is created on the first write operation to one

of its parameters (y).

$TC_SCPxy[ t, d ] = r.r

;

The value "r.r" is assigned to parameter y of sum offset x. The

other parameters of x have the value zero.

When working with setup offsets, "sum offsets fine" are written with the $TC_SCPx system

variables.

Note

When working with setup offsets, the data set for the setup offset is created when a data set is

created for "sum offset fine", if a data set did not already exist for [t, d].

Creating a new setup offset

If the compensation data set (x) does not yet exist, it is created on the first write operation to one

of its parameters (y).

$TC_ECPxy[ t, d ] = r.r

;

The value "r.r" is assigned to parameter y of setup offset x.

The other parameters of x have the value zero.

Note

When working with setup offsets, the data set for the "sum offset fine" is created when a data set

is created for setup offsets, if a data set did not already exist for [t, d].

Tools

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

DELDL - Delete sum offset

Sum offsets are generally only relevant when machining with a cutting edge at a certain time at

a certain location of the workpiece. You can use the NC language command DELDL to delete

sum offsets from cutting edges (in order to release memory).

status = DELDL( t, d )

;

Deletes all sum offsets of cutting edge d on tool t.

;

t, d are optional parameters.

If d is not specified, all sum offsets of all cutting edges on tool t are deleted.

If d and t are not specified, all sum offsets for the cutting edges on all tools of the TO unit are

deleted (for the channel, in which the command is programmed).

When working with setup offsets, the DELDL command deletes both the setup offset and the

"sum offsets fine" of the specified cutting edge(s).

Note

The memory used for the data sets is released after deletion.

The deleted sum offsets can subsequently no longer be activated or programmed.

Sum offsets and setup offsets on active tools cannot be deleted (similar to the deletion of D

compensations or tool data).

The "status" return value indicates the result of the deletion command:

0:

Deletion was successful

-1:

Deletion was not (one cutting edge) or not completely (several cutting edges) successful

Data backup

The data is saved during a general tool data backup (as a component of the D number data sets).

It is advisable to save the sum offsets, in order to allow the current status to be restored in the

event of an acute problem. Machine data settings can be made to exclude sum offsets from a

data backup (settings can be made separately for "setup offsets" and "sum offsets fine").

Note

Sum offsets behave in the same way as D compensations with reference to block search and

REPOS. The behavior on Reset and Power On can be defined by machine data.

If the setting of the following machine data indicates that the last active tool compensation

number (D) is to be activated after Power On, the last active DL number is then no longer active:

MD20110 $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK (definition of control default settings after reset / part

program end)

Tools

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

3.15.5

Extensions for tool length determination

3.15.5.1

Calculation of compensation values on a location-specific and workpiece-specific

basis

Composition of the effective tool length

For a tool offset without active kinematic transformation, the effective tool length consists of up

to 8 vectors:

• Tool length (geometry)

($TC_DP3 - $TC_DP5)

• Wear

($TC_DP12 - $TC_DP14)

• Tool base dimension (see note)

($TC_DP21 - $TC_DP23)

• Adapter dimension (see note)

($TC_ADPT1 - $TC_ADPT3)

• Total offsets fine

($TC_SCPx3 - $TC_SCPx5)

• Sum offsets coarse or setup offsets

($TC_ECPx3 - $TC_ECPx5)

• Offset vector l₁ of toolholder with orientation capability ($TC_CARR1 - $TC_CARR3)

• Offset vector l₂ of toolholder with orientation capability ($TC_CARR4 - $TC_CARR6)

• Offset vector l₃ of toolholder with orientation capability ($TC_CARR15 - $TC_CARR17)

Note

The tool base dimension and adapter dimension can only be applied as alternatives.

Type of action of the individual vectors

The type of action of the individual vectors or groups of vectors depends on the following further

quantities:

Influencing quantity

Operating principle

G commands

Active machining plane

Tool type

Milling tool or turning/grinding tools

Machine data

Tool management active/not active, toolholder with ori-

entation capability available/not available

Setting data

Behavior of tool length components when mirroring or

when changing the plane

Tool carriers with orientation capability

Set values of toolholder with orientation capability

Adapter transformations

Transformed tool offset values

Tools

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

Distribution over the geometry-axis components

How the three vector components of partial totals of the vectors involved are distributed over the

three geometry-axis components is determined by the following quantities:

Influencing quantity

Dependencies

Active processing level:

Infeed plane:

G17 X/Y direction

Z

G18 Z/X direction

Y

G19 Y/Z direction

X

Tool type:

See Section "Tool parameter 1: Tool type

(Page 33)", Table "Minimum number of re-

Milling tools, drilling tools, grinding tools, turning tools

quired tool parameters"

SD42900 $SC_MIRROR_TOOL_LENGTH

See Section "Special handling of tool offsets

(Page 179)" and Section "Setting data

SD42910 $SC_MIRROR_TOOL_WEAR

(Page 235)".

SD42920 $SC_WEAR_SIGN_CUTPOS

SD42930 $SC_WEAR_SIGN

SD42940 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST

SD42950 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE

Adapter transformations

Further information:

Function Manual Tool Management

The resulting tool orientation always remains parallel to one of the three axis directions X, Y or

Z and exclusively depends on the active machining plane G17-G19, since it has not yet been

possible to assign the tool an orientation.

Stepless variation of the tool orientation

The toolholder with orientation capability also enables the tool orientation to be varied

steplessly, in addition to providing further offsets or linear expansion fluctuations with the aid of

offset vectors l₁ - l₃ .

For further explanations, see Section "Tool carriers with orientation capability (Page 92)".

Minor operator compensations

Minor compensations, however, must also be modified during the normal production mode.

The reasons for this are, for example:

• Tool wear

• Clamping errors

• Temperature sensitivity of the machine:

Tools

200

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

These compensations are defined as follows:

Definition

Wear components

Wear

$TC_DP12 - $TC_DP14,

Total offsets fine

$TC_SCPx3 - $TC_SCPx5,

Sum offsets coarse or setup offsets

$TC_ECPx3 - $TC_ECPx5

In particular, compensations, which affect the tool length calculation, should be entered in the

coordinates used for measurement.

These workpiece-specific compensations can be achieved more simply using the G group 56

with the three values TOWSTD, TOWMCS and TOWWCS and the setting data:

SD42935 $SC_WEAR_TRANSFORM (transformation of tool components)

SD42935

Which of the wear components:

• Wear ($TC_DP12 - $TC_DP14)

• Setup offsets or sum offsets coarse ($TC_ECPx3 - $TC_ECPx5)

• Sum offsets fine ($TC_SCPx3 - $TC_SCPx5)

are to be transformed in the transformations:

• Adapter transformation

• Toolholder with orientation capability

are to be or not to be transformed, can be defined via the setting data:

SD42935 $SC_WEAR_TRANSFORM (transformation of wear values)

With the setting data in its initial state, all wear values are transformed.

Tools

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201

Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

The setting data is considered in the following functions:

• Wear values in the machine coordinate system

Part program instruction: TOWMCS

• Wear values in the workpiece coordinate system

Part program instruction: TOWWCS

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Transformation of wear data dependent on SD42935

Programming

G-code group 56 can be used to define the following values:

Syntax

Corrections

TOWSTD

Basic setting value for offsets in tool length

TOWMCS

Wear values in the machine coordinate system (MCS)

TOWWCS

Wear values in the workpiece coordinate system (WCS)

TOWBCS

Wear values in the basic coordinate system (BCS)

TOWTCS

Wear values in the TCS (Tool Coordinate System) at the toolholder (tool carrier refer-

ence point T)

TOWKCS

Wear values in tool coordinate system for kinematic transformation (KCS) of tool head

Tools

202

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Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

Coordinate systems for offsets in tool length

G commands TOWMCS, TOWWCS, TOWBCS, TOWTCS and TOWKCS can be used, e.g. to measure the

wear tool length component in five different coordinate systems.

1. Machine coordinate system

MCS

1. Basic coordinate system

BCS

1. Workpiece coordinate system

WCS

1. Tool coordinate system of kinematic transformation

KCS

1. Tool coordinate system

TCS

The calculated tool length or a tool length component can be represented and read out using the

predefined GETTCOR (Page 211) function in one of these coordinate systems.

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Coordinate system for the evaluation of tool lengths

3.15.5.2

Functionality of the individual wear values

TOWSTD

Basic setting (default behavior):

• The wear values are added to the other tool length components.

The resulting total tool length is then used in further calculations.

In the case of an active tool carrier with orientation capability:

• The wear values are subjected to the appropriate rotation.

TOWMCS

Wear data in the MCS (machine coordinate system):

Tools

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203

Tool offset

3.15 Sum and setup offsets

TOWTCS

Wear values in TCS (tool coordinate system):

• If a tool carrier with orientation capability is active, the tool vector is calculated as for

TOWMCS, without taking the wear into account.

• The wear data is interpreted in the tool coordinate system.

The wear vector in the TCS (Tool Coordinate System) is converted to the machine coordinate

system by way of the tool coordinate system of the kinematic transformation (KCS) and added

to the tool vector.

TOWKCS

The wear value specifications for the kinematic transformation are interpreted in the associated

TCS (Tool Coordinate System).

The wear vector is converted to the machine coordinate system by way of the tool coordinate

system of the kinematic transformation and added to the tool vector.

G command change when a tool is active

Changing the G command in the group TOWSTD, TOWMCS, TOWWCS, TOWBCS, TOWTCS, and

TOWKCS does not affect an already active tool, and does not become effective until the next tool

is selected.

A new G command of this group will also come into effect if it is programmed in the same block,

in which a tool is selected.

Evaluation of individual wear components

Evaluation of individual wear components (assignment to geometry axes, sign evaluation) is

influenced by:

• The active plane

• The adapter transformation

• The five setting data shown in the table below

Setting data

Wear components

SD42910 $SC_MIRROR_TOOL_WEAR

TOWSTD

TOWMCS

TOWWCS

SD42920 $SC_WEAR_SIGN_CUTPOS

X

X

-

SD42930 $SC_WEAR_SIGN

X

-

-

SD42940 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_CONST

X

X

X

SD42950 $SC_TOOL_LENGTH_TYPE

X

X

X

Note

Wear components which are subjected to an active rotation by an adapter transformation or a

tool carrier with orientation capability are referred to as non-transformed wear components.

Tools

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