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SINUMERIK 840D sl. Service - Functions. Manual (2018-2020) - page 92

Alarms

11.2 Alarm description

Alarm No.

22066

Channel %1 tool management: Tool change not possible because tool %2 with duplo no. %3 is not in

magazine %4

Explanation

%1 = channel number, %2 = string (identifier), %3 = duplo number, %4 = magazine number

The desired tool change is not possible. The specified tool is not contained in the specified magazine. (NC

cannot contain tools that are not assigned to a magazine. No operations (movement, change) can be

performed with these tools).

Response

NC start disable

Alarm display

Interface signals are set

NC stop for alarm

Remedy

Please inform the authorized personnel / service department.

Ensure that the specified tool is contained in the required magazine - or program a different tool, which

should be changed.

Check whether machine data $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK, $MC_START_MODE_MASK - and in turn the cou-

pled machine data $MC_TOOL_RESET_NAME - match the actual definition data.

Continue pro-

Clear the alarm with the cancel key. No further operator action required.

gram

Alarm No.

22067

Channel %1 tool management: Tool change not possible because no tool ready for use in tool group %2

Explanation

%1 = channel number, %2 = string (identifier)

The desired tool change is not possible. The specified tool group does not contain a "ready to use" replace-

ment tool which could be loaded. The tool monitoring function may have set all potentially suitable tools to

the "disabled" status.

Response

NC start disable

Alarm display

Interface signals are set

NC stop for alarm

Remedy

At the time of the requested tool change, ensure that there is a tool that can be used in the specified tool

group.

This can be achieved, e.g. by replacing disabled tools, or by manually releasing a disabled tool.

Check whether the magazine data is correctly defined. Have all intended tools in the group been defined with

the specified identifier and loaded?

Continue pro-

Clear the alarm with the RESET key. Restart the part program.

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Tool management

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Alarms

11.2 Alarm description

Alarm No.

22068

Channel %1 tool management: No tool ready for use in tool group %3

Explanation

%1 = channel number, %2 = block number, label, %3 = string (identifier)

The specified tool group does not contain a "ready to use" replacement tool which could be loaded. The tool

monitoring function may have set all potentially suitable tools to the "disabled" status. The alarm can occur

in conjunction with alarm 14710 (error when generating the INIT block). In this special situation, for in-

stance, the NC attempts to replace the disabled tool located in the spindle by an available replacement tool

(which in this particular error case is not available).

The operator must resolve this conflict, for instance by removing the tool located in the spindle using a

movement command from the spindle (e.g. with an operator action via the HMI).

Response

NC start disable

Alarm display

Interface signals are set

Remedy

At the time of the requested tool change, ensure that there is a tool that can be used in the specified tool

group.

This can be achieved, for example, by replacing disabled tools, or by manually releasing a disabled tool.

Check whether the magazine data is correctly defined. Have all intended tools in the group been defined with

the specified identifier and loaded?

Continue pro-

Clear the alarm with NC START or the RESET key and continue the program.

gram

Alarm No.

22069

Channel %1 block %2 tool management: No tool available in tool group %3, program %4

Explanation

%1 = channel number, %2 = block number, label, %3 = string (identifier), %4 = program name

The specified tool group does not contain a "ready to use" replacement tool which could be loaded. The tool

monitoring function may have set all potentially suitable tools to the "disabled" status. Parameter %4 =

program name facilitates the identification of the program containing the programming command (tool

selection) that caused the error. This can be a subprogram or cycle, etc., which can no longer be identified

from the display. If the parameter has not bee specified, then it is the currently displayed program.

Response

Alarm display

Interface signals are set

Correction block with reorganization

Remedy

At the time of the requested tool change, ensure that there is a tool that can be used in the specified tool

group, e.g. by

replacing disabled tools, or by manually releasing a disabled tool.

Check whether the magazine data is correctly defined. Have all intended tools in the group been defined with

the specified identifier and loaded?

Continue pro-

Clear the alarm with NC START or the RESET key and continue the program.

gram

Tool management

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737

Alarms

11.2 Alarm description

Alarm No.

22070

TO unit %1 Please load tool T= %2 into magazine. Repeat data backup

Explanation

%1 = TO unit, %2 = T number of the tool

Only issued if tool management is active.

A data backup of the tool/magazine data has been started. The system has detected that the buffer magazine

still contains one or more tools. During backup, these tools lose the information assigning them to a mag-

azine and a location in the magazine. Therefore, it makes sense that all tools have been loaded the magazine

at the time the data backup is performed.

If this does not apply, when re-importing data, the magazine locations have the "reserved" status. You may

have to reset this status manually.

In the case of tools with a fixed-location coding, the loss of information about their location in the magazine

is equivalent to a general empty location search on any subsequent change back to the magazine.

Response

Interface signals are set.

Alarm display.

Remedy

Make sure that there are no tools stored in the buffer magazine before you start to back up data. Repeat the

data backup after removing the tools from the buffer magazine.

Continue pro-

Clear the alarm with the cancel key. No further operator action required.

gram

Alarm No.

22071

TO unit %1 tool %2 duplo no. %3 is active but not in the current wear group

Explanation

%1 = TO units, %2 = T number of the tool, %3 = duplo number

The "Wear group" function is active. In addition, the "Set tool to active status" setting is applied if a new wear

group is activated. This setting can also be programmed with NC command SETTA or started via similar

functions on the OPI.

It has been detected that more than one tool from the tool group has the "active" status. The tool which has

the "active" status in an "inactive" wear grouping is named in the alarm.

The alarm is for information purposes. It can be suppressed by setting bit 5 of MD 11410 SUP-

PRESS_ALARM_MASK.

Response

Alarm display

Set interface signals

Remedy

Before you start the machining operation, make sure that the "active" status is not set for any of the tools in

the magazine. You can do this by programming command SETTIA.

Continue pro-

Clear the alarm with the cancel key. No further operator action required.

gram

Alarm No.

400601

Incorrect configuration of loading points

Explanation

The PLC configuration in DB4 does not match the NC Configuration.

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Correct tool management commissioning.

Continue pro-

Power-down the control and power-up again

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Tool management

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Alarms

11.2 Alarm description

Alarm No.

400602

Incorrect spindle configuration

Explanation

The PLC configuration in DB4 does not match the NC Configuration.

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Correct tool management commissioning.

Continue pro-

Power-down the control and power-up again

gram

Alarm No.

400603

Incorrect turret configuration

Explanation

The PLC configuration in DB4 does not match the NC Configuration.

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Correct tool management commissioning.

Continue pro-

Power-down the control and power-up again

gram

Alarm No.

400604

Set change with M06 in machine data

Explanation

Change is possible only with M06 for the magazine type used (box-type, chain). Check for invalid settings

when using turret magazines.

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

In the channel-specific data 22550: TOOL_CHANGE_MODE should be set to the value 1.

Continue pro-

Internal

gram

Alarm No.

410141

Number of loading points too high

Explanation

The PLC configuration in DB 4 does not match the NC configuration

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Correct tool management commissioning.

Continue pro-

Switch control system OFF and ON again

gram

Alarm No.

410142

Number of tool holders too high

Explanation

The PLC configuration in DB 4 does not match the NC configuration

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Correct tool management commissioning.

Continue pro-

Switch control system OFF and ON again

gram

Tool management

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739

Alarms

11.2 Alarm description

Alarm No.

410143

Number of turrets too high

Explanation

The PLC configuration in DB 4 does not match the NC configuration

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Correct tool management commissioning.

Continue pro-

Switch control system OFF and ON again

gram

Alarm No.

410151

Magazine data for tool management missing in PLC

Explanation

No magazine data available in the PLC. Commissioning has not been completed although tool management

option has been activated.

Response

Alarm display

Remedy

Press the "Create PLC data" softkey via SINUMERIK Operate when commissioning tool management.

Continue pro-

Internal

gram

Tool management

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Preface

1

Introduction

Fundamental safety

2

instructions

SINUMERIK

3

Tool offset

SINUMERIK 840D sl

Tools

3D tool radius

4

compensation

Grinding-specific tool offset

5

and tool monitoring

Function Manual

A

Appendix

Valid for

control system

SINUMERIK 840D sl / 840DE sl

CNC software Version 4.94

10/2020

6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

Introduction

1

1.1

About this documentation

This documentation is part of the documentation category of SINUMERIK Function Manuals.

SINUMERIK Function Manuals

The SINUMERIK Function Manuals describe the NC functions of a SINUMERIK control.

The target group are configuring engineers, technologists, commissioning engineers and

programmers.

Each Function Manual covers a specific topic and contains all the function descriptions for this

topic.

The following table shows which Function Manuals are available for your SINUMERIK control and

which topics a Function Manual covers:

Function Manual

Topic

Basic functions

Basic functions of a CNC control

Axes and spindles

Axis and spindle functions, axis couplings

Transformations

Transformation functions

Monitoring and compensating

Axis monitoring and compensation functions, collision avoid-

ance

Tools

Functions for selection, correction and monitoring of tools

Synchronized actions

Functionality of synchronized actions

PLC

Structure and functions of the PLC

Tool management

Function, commissioning and programming of tool manage-

ment

Technologies (for SINUMERIK ONE

Extended technological functionalities

and SINUMERIK 840D sl only)

Overview of contents

You will find an overview of the main chapters of the descriptions of functions that are contained

in a Function Manual on the title page.

Validity

The title page also contains all data about the validity of a document, i.e. for which SINUMERIK

control and for which software version this edition of the Function Manual is valid.

Tools

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11

Introduction

1.1 About this documentation

System data

In the descriptions of functions, the system data relevant for a function (machine data, setting

data, system variables, interface signals and alarms) are only described with the level of detail

that is strictly necessary to understand the function. You will find detailed information on this

data in the relevant List Manuals and for alarms in the Diagnostics Manual.

PLC blocks

The descriptions of functions often refer to the PLC function blocks (FB) and functions (FC). The

descriptions of these blocks apply to the SINUMERIK 840D sl and can only be applied in part to

other SINUMERIK controls.

Interface signals

In this document, only the absolute address valid for the SINUMERIK 840D sl is used to address

interface signals.

General graphical conventions

Examples

<signal address> (<signal name>)

DB31, ... DBX16.0-2 (actual gear stage A to C)

DB31, ... DBX16.3 (gear is changed)

Note

Quantity structure

Explanations concerning the NC/PLC interface are based on the absolute maximum number of

the following components:

• Mode groups (DB11)

• Channels (DB21, etc.)

• Axes/spindles (DB31, etc.)

Tools

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Fundamental safety instructions

2

2.1

General safety instructions

WARNING

Danger to life if the safety instructions and residual risks are not observed

If the safety instructions and residual risks in the associated hardware documentation are not

observed, accidents involving severe injuries or death can occur.

• Observe the safety instructions given in the hardware documentation.

• Consider the residual risks for the risk evaluation.

WARNING

Malfunctions of the machine as a result of incorrect or changed parameter settings

As a result of incorrect or changed parameterization, machines can malfunction, which in turn

can lead to injuries or death.

• Protect the parameterization against unauthorized access.

• Handle possible malfunctions by taking suitable measures, e.g. emergency stop or

emergency off.

2.2

Warranty and liability for application examples

Application examples are not binding and do not claim to be complete regarding configuration,

equipment or any eventuality which may arise. Application examples do not represent specific

customer solutions, but are only intended to provide support for typical tasks.

As the user you yourself are responsible for ensuring that the products described are operated

correctly. Application examples do not relieve you of your responsibility for safe handling when

using, installing, operating and maintaining the equipment.

2.3

Security information

Siemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the

secure operation of plants, systems, machines and networks.

In order to protect plants, systems, machines and networks against cyber threats, it is necessary

to implement - and continuously maintain - a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial security

concept. Siemens’ products and solutions constitute one element of such a concept.

Customers are responsible for preventing unauthorized access to their plants, systems,

machines and networks. Such systems, machines and components should only be connected to

Tools

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13

Tool offset

3

3.1

Introduction

3.1.1

Programmed contour and tool path

Workpiece dimensions are programmed directly (e.g. according to the production drawing).

Therefore, tool data, such as milling tool diameter, cutting edge position of the turning tool

(counterclockwise/clockwise turning tool) and tool length, does not have to be taken into

consideration when creating the program.

The control corrects the travel path

When machining a workpiece, the tool paths are controlled according to the tool geometry so

that the programmed contour can be created with any tool.

So that the control can calculate the tool paths, the tool data must be entered in the tool

compensation memory of the control. Only the required tool (T...) and the required offset data

record (D...) are called via the NC program.

While the program is being processed, the control fetches the offset data it requires from the tool

offset memory, and corrects the tool path individually for different tools:

3URJUDPPHG FRQWRXU

:RUNSLHFH

&RUUHFWHG

7RRO SDWK

3.1.2

Tool length compensation

The tool length compensation compensates for the differences in length between the tools

used.

The tool length is the distance between the tool carrier reference point and the tool tip:

Tools

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15

Tool offset

3.1 Introduction

7

7

7

7

3

3

3

3

T

Tool carrier reference point

P

Tool tip

This length is measured and entered in the tool compensation memory of the control together

with definable wear values. From this data, the control calculates the traversing movements in

the infeed direction.

Note

The correction value of the tool length depends on the spatial orientation of the tool.

3.1.3

Tool radius compensation

The contour and tool path are not identical. The milling tool or cutting edge center point must

travel along a path corresponding to the tool radius that is equidistant from the contour (tool

center point path). To do this, while executing the program, the control shifts the programmed

tool center point path - based on the radius of the active tool (tool offset memory) - so that the

tool cutting edge traverses precisely along the programmed contour.

(TXLGLVWDQW

6

5

(TXLGLVWDQW

R

Tool radius

S

Cutting edge center point

The tool radius compensation is described in detail in the "2D tool radius compensation

(Page 47)" Chapter.

Tools

16

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Tool offset

3.2 Tool change and activation of tool offset

3.2

Tool change and activation of tool offset

3.2.1

Selection of tool and cutting edge and tool change

Tool selection

A tool is selected in the NC program with the T function.

The T function or the tool number can assume the following integer numbers:

• Minimum value: T0 (no tool)

• Maximum value: T32000 (tool with number 32000)

Whether the new tool will be loaded immediately by means of the T function depends on the

setting in the machine data:

MD22550 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_MODE (new tool offset for M function)

Tool change immediate

MD22550 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_MODE = 0

The new tool is loaded immediately with the T function.

This setting is primarily used for turning machines with turret magazines.

Tool change with M function

MD22550 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_MODE = 1

The new tool is prepared for changing with the T function.

This setting is primarily used for milling machines with tool magazine in order to position the

new tool into the tool change position without interrupting the machining process.

The M function for tool change allows the old tool to be removed from the spindle and the new

tool to be loaded into the spindle.

The M function for tool change is defined in the machine data:

Tools

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17

Tool offset

3.2 Tool change and activation of tool offset

MD22560 $MC_TOOL_CHANGE_M_CODE (M function for tool change)

Default setting: M06 (acc. to DIN 66025)

① Spindle

② Gripper

③ Magazine (here: chain magazine)

④ Tool change position

Preselected tool

The tool for which the tool length offset values are to be taken into consideration during power

up of the controller and for reset or part program end depending on MD20110

$MC_RESET_MODE_MASK and for part program start depending on MD20112

$MC_START_MODE_MASK is defined with the machine data:

MD20121 $MC_TOOL_PRESEL_RESET_VALUE

Tool cutting edge D

Several cutting edges D1 ... D<n> can be assigned to one tool T<x>.

Maximum number of tool cutting edges per tool

The maximum number of tool cutting edges (D numbers) which can be defined for each tool is

specified by the following machine data:

MD18106 $MN_MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_PERTOOL

D function

Selection of the desired tool cutting edge 1 ... <n> for processing is performed in the NC program

by programming the corresponding D function D1 ... D<n>.

The selected tool cutting edge always refers to the active tool. A tool cutting edge without active

tool (actual T number is T0 ⇒ no tool selected), is not effective.

All tool compensations for the active tool T<x> are deselected with D0.

Tools

18

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Tool offset

3.2 Tool change and activation of tool offset

Selection of cutting edge for tool change

Following selection and loading of a new tool, the following options are provided for selection

of the cutting edge:

• Programming of the cutting edge number D<x>.

• The cutting edge number is defined by the machine data:

MD20270 $MC_CUTTING_EDGE_DEFAULT (basic position of the tool cutting edge without

programming)

Value

Meaning

0

No automatic cutting edge selection after M06.

≠ 0

Number of the cutting edge, which is selected in accordance with M06.

-1

The cutting edge number of the old tool is retained and is also selected for the new tool

after M06.

-2

The tool nose radius compensation of the old tool remains active until a new cutting edge

is programmed with D.

3.2.2

Activation of the tool offset

With D1 to D<n>, the tool offset for a cutting edge is activated for the active tool. Tool length

compensation and tool radius compensation become effective at different times, however:

• The tool length compensation (TLC) is performed on the first traversing motion of the axis

on which the TLC is to act.

This traversing motion must be a linear interpolation (G0, G1, POS, POSA) or polynomial

interpolation (POLY). If the POS/POSA axis is one of the active geometry axes, tool length

compensation is applied with the first axis motion, in which it is operative.

• Tool radius compensation (TRC) becomes active when G41/G42 is programmed in the

active plane (G17, G18 or G19).

In the NC block in which the tool radius compensation is activated with G41/G42, G0 (rapid

traverse) or G1 (linear interpolation) must be active and at least one geometry axis of the

active working plane must be programmed.

If only one geometry axis is specified when switching on, the last position of the second

geometry axis is automatically supplemented and then traversed in both axes.

If the axes are not geometry axes, then they must be transformed into geometry axes using

GEOAX programming.

The selection of the TRC with G41/G42 is only permitted in a program block with G0 (rapid

traverse) or G1 (linear interpolation).

Tools

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19

Tool offset

3.3 Tool offset memory

Tool cutting edges

Each tool can have up to 12 cutting edges (D1 to D12). The first cutting edge (D1) is set up

automatically when a new tool is loaded to the tool offset memory. Other cutting edges (max.

11) are set up consecutively and contiguously using the "New cutting edge" softkey. A different

number of tool cutting edges can assigned to each tool in this way.

7Q

7Q

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

'

&KDQQHO

&KDQQHO

Figure 3-1

Example of a tool offset memory structure for two channels

3.3.2

Calculating the tool compensation

D No.

The D No. is sufficient for determining tool compensation values (can be set via MD).

' 1U

'3

'3

'3

'3

'

'

'Q

&9

&9

&9

CV

Total compensation value

Programming

The above compensation block is to be taken into account in the NC.

Part program call:

Tools

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21

Tool offset

3.3 Tool offset memory

Dn

3.3.3

Address extension for NC addresses T and M

MD20096

Whether the address extension of T and M is also to be interpreted as spindle number when the

tool management is not activated, can be set via the machine data:

MD20096 $MC_T_M_ADDRESS_EXT_IS_SPINO (spindle number as address extension)

The same rules then apply to the relationship between the D number and T number as when the

"Tool management" function is active.

Effect on the D number

An offset data set is determined by the D number.

The D address cannot be programmed with an address extension.

The evaluation of the D address always refers to the currently active tool.

The programmed D address refers to the active tool in relation to the master spindle (same as for

tool management function), when machine data is set:

MD20096 $MC_T_M_ADDRESS_EXT_IS_SPINO = TRUE (spindle number as address extension).

Effect on the T number

If the "Tool management" function is active, the values programmed with reference to the

master spindle (or master toolholder) are displayed as programmed/active T numbers.

If tool management is not active, all programmed T values are displayed as programmed/active,

regardless of the programmed address extension.

Only the T value programmed in relation to the master spindle is shown as programmed/active,

when:

MD20096 $MC_T_M_ADDRESS_EXT_IS_SPINO = TRUE (spindle number as address extension).

Example

The following example below shows the effect of MD20096.

Two spindles are considered. Spindle 1 is the master spindle. M6 was defined as the tool change

signal.

T1 = 5

M1 = 6

T2 = 50

M2 = 6

D4

Tools

22

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Tool offset

3.3 Tool offset memory

Command

Meaning

CHKDNO

Checks the uniqueness of the available D numbers;

The D numbers of all tools defined within a TO unit may not occur more than once. No

allowance is made for replacement tools.

GETDNO

Determines the D number for the cutting edge of a tool.

If no D number matching the input parameters exists, d=0.

If the D number is invalid, a value greater than 32000 is returned.

SETDNO

Sets or changes the D number of the CE cutting edge of tool T.

If there is no data set for the specified parameter, the value FALSE is returned. Syntax

errors generate an alarm. The D number cannot be set explicitly to 0.

GETACTTD

Determines the associated T number for an absolute D number.

There is not check for uniqueness. If several D numbers within a TO unit are the same,

the T number of the first tool found in the search is returned.

DZERO

Marks all D numbers of the TO unit as invalid;

This command is used for support during retooling.

Compensation data sets tagged with this command are no longer verified by

the CHKDNO language command. These data sets can be accessed again by setting the

D number once more with SETDNO.

Note

If the maximum cutting edge number is less than the maximum number of cutting edges for

each tool, then the commands listed in the table are ineffective. This default setting is in the

system for reasons of compatibility.

The individual commands are described in detail in:

Further information

Programming Manual Fundamentals

Activation

In order to work with unique D numbers and, therefore, with the defined language commands,

it must be possible to name D numbers freely for the tools.

To do this, the following precondition must be satisfied:

• MD18105 > MD18106

Examples

MD18105 $MN_MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_NO = 1 (max. value of the D numbers)

A maximum of one compensation can be defined per tool (with D number = 1).

MD18105 $MN_MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_NO = 9999

Tools can be assigned unique D numbers.

Tools

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25

Tool offset

3.3 Tool offset memory

Example: Assigning D (cutting edges) to T numbers (tools) and listing options for checking

uniqueness:

• Assignment:

- T No. 1 ⇒ assignment of D numbers 1, 2, 3

- T No. 2 ⇒ assignment of D numbers 10, 20, 30, 40, 50

- T No. 3 ⇒ assignment of D numbers 100, 200, 30 (error: 30 was entered instead of 300)

• Check for uniqueness:

The D numbers of all tools defined within a TO unit must be unique.

The check is made using the CHKDNO command. When no parameters are specified, all D

numbers of all tools are checked with respect to one another. In this particular case, the

return value == FALSE, as D30 is available in tool T2 and T3.

Command

Test

Test result

CHKDNO

All D numbers of all tools are

Return value == FALSE, as D=30 is duplica-

checked against all other tools

ted.

CHKDNO (2, 3,

D number 30 in tools 2 and 3

Return value == FALSE, as D=30 is duplica-

30)

ted.

CHKDNO (1, 3)

All D numbers of tools 1 and 3

Return value == TRUE although there is a col-

lision between the D=30 of the third tool and

D=30 of the second tool.

Note

Cutting edges per tool

If tools with n cutting edges are used, then the value of the machine data should be set to n.

This prevents inadmissible cutting edges to be defined for a tool.

MD18106 $MN_MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_PERTOOL = n

Programming examples

Renaming a D number

The D number of cutting edge CE = 3 is to be renamed from 2 to 17. The following specifications

apply:

• $TC_DPx[ <tool Tn>, <cutting edge Dm> ]

• Internal T number Tn = 1

• D number Dm = 2

• Tool with one cutting edge with:

Program code

Comment

$TC_DP3[ 1, 2 ] = 120

Tool length = 120

$TC_DP6[ 1, 2 ] = 5.5

Tool radius = 5.5

$TC_DPCE[ 1, 2 ] = 3

Cutting edge number CE = 3

• MD18105 $MN_MM_MAX_CUTTING_EDGE_NO = 20 (max. value of the D numbers)

Within the part program, this compensation is programmed as standard with T1,

D2.

Tools

26

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Tool offset

3.3 Tool offset memory

You assign the current D number of cutting edge 3 to a variable (DNoOld) and define the variable

DNoNew for the new D number:

Program code

def int DNoOld, DNoNew = 17

DNoOld = GETDNO( 1, 3 )

SETDNO( 1, 3, DNoNew )

The new D value 17 is then assigned to cutting edge CE=3.

Now the data for the cutting edge are addressed via D number 17, both via the system variable

and in programming with the NC address D.

This compensation is now programmed in the part program with T1,

D17 and the data

is addressed as follows:

Program code

Comment

$TC_DP3[ 1, 17 ] = 120

$TC_DP6[ 1, 17 ] = 5.5

$TC_DPCE[ 1, 17 ] = 3

; Cutting edge number CE

Note

If the tool has defined a further cutting edge, e.g. $TC_DPCE[ 1, 2 ] = 1 ; = CE, D number 2 of

cutting edge 1 cannot have the same name as the D number of the cutting edge 3,

i.e.: SETDNO( 1, 1, 17) returns the status = FALSE as return value.

DZERO - Invalidate D numbers

The activation of this command invalidates all D numbers of the tools in the TO unit. It is no

longer possible to activate a compensation until valid D numbers are again available in the NC.

The D numbers must be reassigned using the SETDNO command.

The following tools must be defined (all with cutting edge number 1):

T1, D1

D no. of cutting edge CE=1

T2, D10

D no. of cutting edge CE=1

T3, D100

D no. of cutting edge CE=1

The following command is then programmed:

Program code

DZERO

If one of the compensations is now activated (e.g. with T3 D100), an alarm is generated,

because D100 is not currently defined.

The D numbers are redefined with:

Program code

Comment

SETDNO( 1, 1, 100 )

; T=1, cutting edge 1 is assigned the (new) D number 100

SETDNO( 2, 1, 10 )

; T=2, cutting edge 1 is assigned the (old) D number 10

SETDNO( 3, 1, 1 )

; T=3, cutting edge 1 is assigned the (new) D number 1

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

27

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

3.4

Tool parameters

3.4.1

Overview

Tool parameters

A tool cutting edge is clearly defined with the following details:

• Tool type (end mill, drill, etc.)

• Geometrical description

• Technological description

The geometrical description, the technological description and the tool type are mapped to tool

parameters for each tool cutting edge.

The following tool parameters are available:

Tool parameter

Meaning

Remark

1

Tool type

2

Cutting edge position

For turning tools or for milling/grinding tools

with 2D TRC with contour tools.

Geometry - tool lengths

3

Length 1

4

Length 2

5

Length 3

Geometry - tool shape

6

Radius 1

With 2D TRC.

Turning: Rounding radius of cutting edge

3D face milling: Tool radius

Grooving saw: Diameter

7

Radius 2

3D face milling: Corner radius (for tools with

corner rounding)

Grooving saw: Slot width

8

Length 4

Grooving saw: Projection

9

Length 5

3D face milling: Upper bevel cutter diameter

(of spherical tools)

10

Angle 1

Turning: Holder angle

2D TRC with contour tools: Minimum limit

angle

11

Angle 2

Turning: Cutting direction

2D TRC with contour tools: Maximum limit

angle

3D face milling: Angle between envelope

line and tool longitudinal axis (of conical

tools)

Tools

32

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Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Tool parameter

Meaning

Remark

Wear - tool lengths

12

Wear length 1

13

Wear length 2

14

Wear length 3

Wear - tool shape

15

Wear radius 1

16

Wear radius 2

17

Wear length 4

18

Wear length 5

19

Wear angle 1

20

Wear angle 2

Tool base dimension / adapter dimension

21

Basic length 1

22

Basic length 2

23

Basic length 3

Technology

24

Clearance angle

Only for turning tools.

25

Reserved^*

* "Reserved" means that this tool parameter is not used and is reserved for expansions.

3.4.2

Tool parameter 1: Tool type

This tool type defines the respective tool. The selection of this tool type determines further

components such as geometry, wear and tool base dimensions in advance.

Each tool type is assigned a unique 3-digit number. The assignment of the tool to one of the

following technologies or tool groups is realized using the first digit (the hundreds position):

Tool type

Tool group

1xy

Milling tools

2xy

Drilling tools

3xy

Reserved

4xy

Grinding tools

5xy

Turning tools

6xy

Reserved

7xy

Special tools

Tools

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33

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

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1)

CLDATA = "cutter location data" (tool position data according to DIN66215)

2)

GWPS = Grinding wheel peripheral speed

3)

ST = Special tools

Note

The tool type has no significance in the turning tool groups.

Unlisted numbers are also permitted, in particular with grinding tools (400-499).

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

35

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Calculating tool offset data

The CNC combines the individual components in the tool offset data to produce a value (e.g.

total length, total radius). The relevant overall dimension becomes effective when the offset

memory is activated. The use of these values in the axes is determined by the tool type and

current machining plane G17, G18 or G19.

Example: Grooving saw tool type (Type 700)

E

/

N

/ G

/ E

N

7

T'

Tool carrier reference point

L1

Geometry - length 1

L2

Geometry - length 2

d

Diameter

b

Groove width

k

Projection

Geometry

Wear

Tool base di-

Unit

mension

Tool length compensation

Length 1

$TC_DP3

$TC_DP12

$TC_DP21

mm

Length 2

$TC_DP4

$TC_DP13

$TC_DP22

mm

Length 3

$TC_DP5

$TC_DP14

$TC_DP23

mm

Saw blade compensation

Diameter d

$TC_DP6

$TC_DP15

mm

Tools

36

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Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Geometry

Wear

Tool base di-

Unit

mension

Groove width b

$TC_DP7

$TC_DP16

mm

Projection k

$TC_DP8

$TC_DP17

mm

The width of the saw blade is taken into account for the tool radius compensation (G40/G41/

G42) as follows:

Function

Meaning

G40

No saw blade compensation

G41

Saw blade compensation left

G42

Saw blade compensation right

3.4.3

Tool parameter 2: Cutting edge position

The cutting edge position describes the position of the tool tip P in relation to the cutting edge

center point S. It is entered in tool parameter 2.

The cutting edge position is required together with the cutting edge radius (tool parameter 8)

for the calculation of the tool radius compensation for turning tools (tool type 5xx).

5

6

3

P

Tool tip

S

Cutting edge center point

R

Cutting edge radius

Tools

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37

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Cutting edge position (1 ... 9) for machining behind the turning center

;

*

;=

;

=

=

Cutting edge position (1 ... 9) for machining in front of the turning center

=

=

;

*

;=

;

Tools

38

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Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Cutting edge position (1 ... 9) for vertical boring and turning mills

=

*

;=

=

;

;

Special aspects

• If the cutting edge center point S is used instead of point P as a reference point to calculate

the tool length compensation, the identifier 9 must be entered for the cutting edge position.

• The identifier 0 (zero) is not permitted as a cutting edge position.

3.4.4

Tool parameters 3 ... 5: Geometry - tool lengths

The lengths of the tools are required for the geometry tool length compensation. They are input

as tool lengths 1 to 3 in the tool parameters 3 to 5.

The minimum required tool length depends on the respective tool type:

Tool type

Required tool lengths

Tool type 12x, 140, 145, 150

Tool length 1

Tool type 13x

Tool length 1 ... 3 (depending on plane G17/G18/G19)

Tool type 2xx

Tool length 1

Tool type 5xx

Tool plane 1 ... 3

Tools

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39

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Example: Twist drill (tool type 200)

7

/

T

Tool carrier reference point

L1

Length 1 (tool parameter 3)

Note

All three tool parameters 3 to 5 (tool length 1 to 3) are always calculated in the three geometry

axes, irrespective of the tool type. If more tool lengths are input in the tool parameters 3 to 5 for

a tool type than is required as the minimum, then these extra tool lengths are settled in the

geometry axes without any alarm.

The active size of the tool is only defined when the geometry tool length compensation (tool

parameters 3 to 5) and the wear tool length compensation (tool parameters 12 to 14) are added

together. The base-dimension/adapter-dimension tool length compensation is also added in

order to calculate the total tool length compensation in the geometry axes.

3.4.5

Tool parameters 6 ... 11: Geometry - tool shape

The shape of the tool is defined using the tool parameters 6 to 11. The data is required for the

geometry tool radius compensation.

In most cases, only tool parameter 6 (tool radius 1) is used:

Tool parameter

Meaning

Use

6

Tool radius 1

The tool radius must be specified for the following tool types:

1xx

Milling tools

5xx

Turning tools

Tool parameter 2: Cutting edge position

(Page 37) must also be specified for turning

tools.

Note

Tool type 2xx: A tool radius does not have to be specified for

drilling tools.

7

Tool radius 2

Not used

8

Tool length 4

Not used

9

Tool length 5

Not used

10

Tool angle 1

Not used

11

Tool angle 2

Not used

Tools

40

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Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

2D TRC with contour tools

For the definition of contour tools with multiple tool cutting edges, the minimum and maximum

limit angle can be entered. Both limit angles each relate to the vector of the cutting edge center

point to the cutting edge reference point and are counted clockwise.

Tool angle 1

Minimum limit angle per tool cutting edge

Tool angle 2

Maximum limit angle per tool cutting edge

3D face milling

The tool parameters relevant to the tool description in 3D face milling are dependent on the tool

type used. Thus, for example, for a ball end mill, only tool parameter 6, for a bevel cutter with

corner rounding additionally tool parameters 7, 9 and 11, are relevant.

G

D

U

5

5

① Ball end mill

② Bevel cutter with corner rounding

R

Tool parameter 6: Tool radius

r

Tool parameter 7: Corner radius

d

Tool parameter 9: Upper bevel cutter diameter

a

Tool parameter 11: Angle between envelope line and tool longitudinal axis

Specification of tool parameter 9 (upper bevel diameter) is optional. If this tool parameter is not

specified, a conical shape stretching along the entire tool length is assumed:

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

41

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

G

① With specification of tool parameter 9

② Without specification of tool parameter 9

Further information

Please refer to the following documentation for information about entering tool shapes in tool

parameters 6 to 11 and how these are calculated by geometry tool radius compensation in the

three geometry axes:

• Programming Manual NC programming; Section "Fundamentals" > "Tool offsets" > "2½ D tool

offset"

• 3D tool radius compensation (Page 237)

For 3D face milling, refer to:

• 3D tool radius compensation (Page 237)

3.4.6

Tool parameters 12 ... 14: Wear - tool lengths

While geometry tool length compensation (tool parameters 3 to 5) is used to define the size of

the tool, wear tool length compensation can be used to correct the change in the active tool size.

The active tool variable can change as a result of the following influences:

• Differences between the tool fixture on the tool measurement machine and the tool fixture

on the machine tool

• Tool wear caused during service life by machining

• Definition of a finishing allowance

Tools

42

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Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Example 1: Tool and tool adapter are measured separately, however, are installed in the

machine as one unit

7

7

/

/

/

/

①

Tool

②

Tool holder

③

Tool adapter

T

Adapter reference point (for inserted tool = tool carrier reference point)

T'

Tool carrier reference point

L1

Geometry - length 1

L1'

Adapter dimension - length 1

L1 + L1' Total length L1

R

Radius

Tools

44

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Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

Example 2: The tool adapters of a tool turret are in different positions

*

;=

/

7

;

/

7

=

7

/

T

Tool carrier reference point

T'

Tool carrier reference point

L1

Geometry - length 1

L2

Geometry - length 2

L1'

Base dimension - length 1

L2'

Base dimension - length 2

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

45

Tool offset

3.4 Tool parameters

3.4.9

Tool parameter 24: Clearance angle

Certain turning cycles, in which traversing motions with relief cuts are generated, monitor the

clearance angle of the active tool for possible contour violation.

˞

˞

;

;

=

=

α

Clearance angle

① The contour to be machined is not violated.

② The contour to be machined would be violated.

The clearance angle is entered in tool parameter 24.

Value range: 0° ... 90° (without sign)

Note

If a clearance angle of zero is entered in tool parameter 24, then relief cuts are not monitored in

the turning cycles.

Tools

46

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Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Longitudinal or face machining

The clearance angle is entered differently according to the type of processing. If a tool is to be

used for both longitudinal and face machining, two tool cutting edges must be entered for

different clearance angles.

˞

˞

;

;

=

=

α

Clearance angle

① Longitudinal machining

② Face machining

Further information

See the Programming Manual Cycles for detailed information about the clearance angle.

3.5

2D tool radius compensation

3.5.1

General information

Note

For tool radius compensation (TRC) see:

Further information:

Programming Manual Fundamentals

Only the programming guide contains a complete technical description of the tool radius

compensation (TRC) and its special aspects.

Tools

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47

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Why TRC?

The contour (geometry) of the workpiece programmed in the part program should be

independent of the tools used in production. This makes it necessary to obtain the values for the

tool length and tool radius from a current offset memory. With the current tool radius, tool radius

compensation (TRC) can be used to calculate the equidistant path to the programmed contour

in the plane.

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Workpiece contour (geometry) with equidistant path

TRC on the plane

TRC is active on the current plane (G17 to G19) for the following types of interpolation:

• Linear interpolation

G0, G1

• Circular interpolation

G2, G3, CIP

• Helical interpolation

G2, G3

• Spline interpolation

ASPLINE, BSPLINE, CSPLINE

• Polynomial interpolation

POLY

3.5.2

Selecting the TRC (G41/G42)

Direction of compensation

TRC calculates a path, which is equidistant to the programmed contour. Compensation can be

performed on the left- or righthand side of the programmed contour in the direction of motion.

Command

Significance

G41

TRC on the lefthand side of the contour in the direction of motion

G42

TRC on the righthand side of the contour in the direction of motion

G40

Deselection of TRC

Tools

48

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Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Intermediate blocks

In general, only program blocks with positions on geometry axes in the current plane are

programmed when TRC is active. However, dummy blocks can still also be programmed with

active TRC. Dummy blocks are program blocks, which do not contain any positions on a

geometry axis in the current plane:

• Positions on the infeed axis

• Auxiliary functions,

• etc.

The maximum number of dummy blocks can be defined in the machine data:

MD20250 $MC_CUTCOM_MAXNUM_DUMMY_BLOCKS (Max no. of dummy blocks with no

traversing movements for TRC).

Special points to be noted

• TRC can only be selected in a program block with G0 (rapid traverse) or G1 (linear

interpolation).

• A tool must be loaded (T function) and the tool cutting edge (tool compensation) (D1 to D9)

activated no later than in the program block with the tool radius compensation selection.

• Tool radius compensation is not selected with a tool cutting edge/tool compensation of D0.

• If only one geometry axis is programmed on the plane when tool radius compensation is

selected, the second axis is automatically added on the plane (last programmed position).

• If no geometry axis is programmed for the current plane in the block with the tool radius

compensation selection, no selection takes place.

• If tool radius compensation is deselected (G40) in the block following tool radius

compensation selection, no selection takes place.

• If tool radius compensation is selected, the approach behavior is determined by the NORM/

KONT instructions.

3.5.3

Approach and retraction behavior (NORM/KONT/KONTC/KONTT)

NORM and KONT

The NORM and KONT instructions can be used to control approach behavior (selection of tool

radius compensation with G41/42) and retraction behavior (deselection of tool radius

compensation with G40):

Command

Meaning

NORM

Normal setting at start point / end point (basic setting)

KONT

Travel around contour at start point / end point

KONTC

Approach/retraction with constant curvature

KONTT

Approach/retraction with constant tangent

Tools

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49

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Special features

• KONT only differs from NORM when the tool start position is behind the contour.

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Example for selecting TRC with KONT or NORM in front of and behind the contour

• KONT and G450/G451 (corner behavior at outer corners) has a general effect and determines

the approach and retraction behavior with TRC.

• When tool radius compensation is deselected, the retraction behavior is determined by

the NORM/KONT instructions.

Supplementary conditions

The approach and retraction blocks are polynomials in the following two variants. Therefore,

they are only available for control variants, which support polynomial interpolation:

• KONTT

With KONTT, approach and retraction to/from the contour is with a constant tangent. The

curvature at the block transition is not usually constant.

• KONTC

With KONTC, not only the tangent but also the curvature is constant at the transition, with

the result that a jump in acceleration can no longer occur on activation/deactivation.

Although KONTC includes the KONTT property, the constant tangent version KONTT is available

on its own, because the constant curvature required by KONTC can produce undesired contours.

Tools

50

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

1

1

1

Figure 3-4

Approach and retraction with constant curvature during inside machining of a full circle:

Projection in the X-Y plane.

Figure 3-5

Approach and retraction with constant curvature during inside machining of a full circle: 3D

representation.

Tools

52

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Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

KONTT and KONTC compared

The figure below shows the differences in approach/retraction behavior between KONTT

and KONTC. A circle with a radius of 20 mm about the center point at X0 Y-40 is compensated

with a tool with an external radius of 20 mm. The tool center point therefore moves along a

circular path with radius 40 mm. The end point of the approach block is at X40 Y30. The

transition between the circular block and the retraction block is at the zero point. Due to the

extended continuity of curvature associated with KONTC, the retraction block first executes a

movement with a negative Y component. This will often be undesired. This response does not

occur with the KONTT retraction block. However, with this block, an acceleration step change

occurs at the block transition.

If the KONTT or KONTC block is the approach block rather than the retraction block, the contour

is exactly the same, but is simply machined in the opposite direction, i.e. the approach and

retraction behavior are symmetrical.

.2177

.217&

Figure 3-6

Differences between KONTT and KONTC

Note

The figure shows that a straight line bordering on the contour quadrant, e.g. to X20 Y-20, would

be violated with KONTC on retraction/approach to X0, Y0.

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

53

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

• G347: Approach with a semicircle

• G348: Retraction with a semicircle

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Approach behavior depending on G147 to G347 and DISR (with simultaneous activation of

tool radius compensation)

Modal G command for defining the approach and retraction contour

This G command is only relevant if the approach contour is a quadrant or semicircle. The

approach and retraction direction can be determined as follows:

• G140:

Defining the approach and retraction direction using active tool radius compensation. (G140

is the basic setting value.)

With positive tool radius:

- G41 active → approach from left

- G42 active → approach from right

If no tool radius compensation is active (G40), the response is identical to G143. In this

case, an alarm is not output. If the radius of the active tool is 0, the approach and

retraction side is determined as if the tool radius were positive.

• G141:

Approach contour from left, or retract to the left.

• G142:

Approach contour from right, or retract to the right.

• G143:

Automatic determination of the approach direction, i.e. the contour is approached from the

side where the start point is located, relative to the tangent at the start point of the following

block (P₄).

Note

The tangent at the end point of the preceding block is used accordingly on retraction. If the

end point is not programmed explicitly on retraction, i.e. if it is to be determined

implicitly, G143 is not permitted on retraction, since there is a mutual dependency between

the approach side and the position of the end point. If G143 is programmed in this case, an

alarm is output. The same applies if, when G140 is active, an automatic switchover to G143

takes place as a result of an inactive tool radius compensation.

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

55

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Modal G command (G340, G341), which defines the subdivision of the movement into individual

blocks from the start point to the end point

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G34

The approach characteristic from P₀ to P₄ is shown in the figure.

0:

If G247 or G347 is active (quadrant or semicircle) and start point P₃ is outside the machining plane

defined by the end point P₄, a helix is inserted instead of a circle. Point P₂ is not defined or coincides

with P₃.

The circle plane or the helix axis is determined by the plane, which is active in the SAR block (G17

- G19), i.e. the projection of the start tangent is used by the following block, instead of the tangent

itself, to define the circle.

The movement from point P₀ to point P₃ takes place along two straight lines at the velocity valid

before the SAR block.

G34

The approach characteristic from P₀ to P₄ is shown in the figure.

1:

P₃ and P₄ are located within the machining plane, with the result that a circle is always inserted

instead of a helix with G247 or G347.

Figure 3-8

Sequence of the approach movement depending on G340/G341

Note

Active, rotating frames are included in all cases where the position of the active plane G17 - G19

(circle plane, helix axis, infeed movements perpendicular to the active plane) is relevant.

DISR

DISRSpecifies the length of a straight approach line or the radius of an approach arc.

Retraction/approach with straight lines

On approach/retraction along a straight line, DISR specifies the distance from the cutter edge

to the start point of the contour, i.e. the length of the straight line with active TRC is calculated

as the total of the tool radius and the programmed value of DISR.

An alarm is displayed:

• If DISR is negative and the amount is greater than the tool radius (the length of the resulting

approach line is less than or equal to zero).

Retraction/approach with circles

Tools

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Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

The end point is deemed to have been programmed in the actual SAR block for approach if at

least one geometry axis is programmed on the machining plane (X or Y with G17). If only the

position of the axis perpendicular to the machining plane (Z with G17) is programmed in the SAR

block, this component is taken from the SAR block, but the position in the plane is taken from the

following block. In this case, an alarm is output if the axis perpendicular to the machining plane

is also programmed in the following block.

Example:

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Program code

Comment

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

; Milling tool T1/D1

$TC_DP6[1,1]=7

; Tool with 7mm radius

N10 G90 G0 X0 Y0 Z30 D1 T1

N20 X10

N30 G41 G147 DISCL=3 DISR=13 Z=0 F1000

N40 G1 X40 Y-10

N50 G1 X50

N30/N40 can be replaced by:

N30 G41 G147 DISCL=3 DISR=13 X40 Y-10 Z0 F1000

or:

N30 G41 G147 DISCL=3 DISR=13 F1000

N40 G1 X40 Y-10 Z0

Possible ways of programming the end point P₀for retraction

Tools

58

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

The end position is always taken from the SAR block, no matter how many axes have been

programmed. We distinguish between the following situations:

1.

No geometry axis is programmed in the SAR block.

In this case, the contour ends at point P₂ (or at point P₁, if P₁ and P₂ coincide). The position in

the axes, which describe the machining plane, is determined by the retraction contour (end

point of the straight line or arc). The axis component perpendicular to this is defined

by DISCL. If, in this case, DISCL = 0, the movement takes place completely within the

plane.

2.

Only the axis perpendicular to the machining plane is programmed in the SAR block.

In this case, the contour ends at point P₁. The position of the two other axes is determined in

the same way as in 1.

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Retraction with SAR with simultaneous deactivation of TRC

If the SAR retraction block is also used to deactivate tool radius compensation, in the case of

1. and 2., an additional path from P₁ to P₀ is inserted such that no movement is produced

when tool radius compensation is deactivated at the end of the retraction contour, i.e. this

point defines the tool center point and not a position on a contour to be corrected.

3.

At least one axis of the machining plane is programmed.

The second axis of the machining plane can be determined modally from its last position in

the preceding block. The position of the axis perpendicular to the machining plane is

generated as described in 1. or 2., depending on whether this axis is programmed or not. The

position generated in this way defines the end point P₀.

No special measures are required for deselection of tool radius compensation, because the

programmed point P₀ already directly defines the position of the tool center point at the end

of the complete contour.

The start and end points of the SAR contour (P₀ and P₄) can coincide on approach and

retraction.

Velocity of the preceding block (typically G0).

All movements from point P₀ to point P₂ are performed at this velocity, i.e. the movement parallel

to the machining plane and the part of the infeed movement up to the safety clearance.

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

59

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Programming the feedrate with FAD

FAD programmed with ...

G340

Feedrate from P₂ or P₃ to P₄.

G341

Feedrate of the infeed movement perpendicular to the machining

plane from P₂ to P₃.

If FAD is not programmed, this part of the contour is traversed at the velocity, which is active

modally from the preceding block, in the event that no F command defining the velocity is

programmed in the SAR block.

Programmed response:

FAD=0 or negative

→ Alarm Output

FAD=...

→ Programmed value acts in accordance with the active G com-

mand of group 15 (feed type; G93, G94, etc.)

FAD=PM(...)

→ Programmed value is interpreted as linear feed (like G94), irre-

spective of the active G command of group 15

FAD=PR(...)

→ Programmed value is interpreted as revolutional feed (like G95),

irrespective of the active G command of group 15

Example:

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Program code

Comment

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

; Milling tool T1/D1

$TC_DP6[1,1]=7

; Tool with 7mm radius

N10 G90 G0 X0 Y0 Z20 D1 T1

N20 G41 G341 G247 DISCL=AC(5) DISR=13FAD 500 X40 Y-10 Z=0 F2000

N30 X50

N40 X60

Tools

60

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Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Program code

Comment

Programming feed F

This feed value is effective from point P₃ (or from point P₂, if FAD is not programmed). If no F

command is programmed in the SAR block, the speed of the preceding block is valid. The velocity

defined by FAD is not used for following blocks.

3.5.4.3

Velocities

Velocities at approach

In both approach diagrams below, it is assumed that no new velocity is programmed in the block

following the SAR block. If this is not the case, the new velocity comes into effect after point P₄.

3

3

3

3

3

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Figure 3-9

Velocities in the SAR subblocks on approach with G340

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

61

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

3

3

3

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Figure 3-10

Velocities in the SAR subblocks on approach with G341

Velocities at retraction

During retraction, the rolls of the modally active feedrate from the previous block and the

programmed feedrate value in the SAR block are interchanged, i.e., the actual retraction contour

(straight line, circle, helix) is traversed with the old feedrate value and a new velocity

programmed with the F word applies from point P₂ up to P₀.

If even retraction is active and FAD is programmed, the path from P₃ to P₂ is traversed with FAD,

otherwise it is traversed with the old velocity. The last F command programmed in a preceding

block always applies for the path from P₄ to P₂. G0 has no effect in these blocks.

Traversing from P₂ to P₀ takes place with the F command programmed in the SAR block or, if no

F command is programmed, with the modal F command from a preceding block. This applies on

the condition that G0 is not active.

If rapid traverse is to be used on retraction in the blocks from P₂ to P₀, G0 must be activated before

the SAR block or in the SAR block itself. If an additional F command is programmed in the actual

SAR blocks, it is then ineffective. However, it remains modally active for following blocks.

Tools

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Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

3

3

3

3

3

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Figure 3-11

Velocities in the SAR subblocks on retraction

3.5.4.4

System variables

Points P₃ and P₄ can be read in the WCS as system variables during approach.

$P_APR:

Read P₃ (start point) in WCS

$P_AEP:

Read P₄ (contour start point) in WCS

$P_APDV

=1

If the content of $P_APR and $P_AEP is valid, i.e., if these contain the position

values belonging to the last SAR approach block programmed.

=0

The positions of an older SAR approach block are read.

Changing the WCS between the SAR block and the read operation has no effect on the position

values.

3.5.4.5

Supplementary conditions

Supplementary conditions

• Any further NC commands (e.g. auxiliary function outputs, synchronous axis movements,

positioning axis movements, etc.) can be programmed in an SAR block.

These are executed in the first subblock on approach and in the last subblock on retraction.

• If the end point P₄ is not taken from the SAR block but from a subsequent traversing block, the

actual SAR contour (straight line, quadrant or semicircle) is traversed in this block.

The last subblock of the original SAR block does not then contain traversing information for

geometry axes. It is always output, however, because further actions (e.g. single axes) may

have to be executed in this block.

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

63

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

• Because of G341, the approach movement takes place with a circle in the plane, resulting in

a start point at (20, -20, 0)

• Because DISCL=5, point P2 is at position (20, -20, 5) and, because of Z30, point P1 is in N10

at (20, -20, 30)

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Figure 3-12

Contour example 1

Part program:

Program code

Comment

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

; Tool definition T1/D1

$TC_DP6[1,1]=10

; Radius

N10 G0 X0 Y0 Z30

N20 G247 G341 G42 NORM D1 T1 Z0 FAD=1000 F=2000 DISCL=5 DISR=10

N30 X40

N40 X100

N50 Y-30

Example 2

The following conditions must be true for approach:

• Smooth approach is activated in block N20

• Approach movement performed with quadrant (G247)

• Approach direction not programmed, G140 is valid, i.e. because TRC is active (G41), the

contour is approached from the left

• Contour offset OFFN=5 (N10)

• Current tool radius=10, and so the effective compensation radius for TRC=15; the radius of

the SAR contour is thus equal to 25, with the result that the radius of the tool center path is

equal to DISR=10

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

65

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

• The end point of the circle is obtained from N30, since only the Z position is programmed

in N20

• Infeed movement

- From Z20 to Z7 (DISCL=AC(7)) with rapid traverse

- Then on to Z0 with FAD=200

- Approach circle in X-Y-plane and following blocks with F1500

(In order that this velocity becomes effective in the following blocks, the active G-code G0

in N30 must be overwritten with G1. Otherwise, the contour would continue to be

machined with G0.)

The following conditions must be true for retraction:

• Smooth retraction is activated in block N60

• Retraction movement performed with quadrant (G248) and helix (G340)

• FAD not programmed, since irrelevant for G340

• Z=2 in the start point; Z=8 in the end point, since DISCL=6

• When DISR=5, the radius of SAR contour=20; that of the tool center point path=5

• After the circle block, the retraction movement leads from Z8 to Z20 and the movement is

parallel to the XY plane up to the end point at X70 Y0

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Figure 3-13

Contour example 2

Part program:

Program code

Comment

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

; Tool definition T1/D1

$TC_DP6[1,1]=10

; Radius

N10 G0 X0 Y0 Z20 G64 D1 T1 OFFN = 5

; (P0app)

N20 G41 G247 G341 Z0 DISCL = AC(7) DISR = 10 F1500 FAD=200

; (P3app)

N30 G1 X30 Y-10

; (P4app)

N40 X40 Z2

N50 X50

; (P4ret)

N60 G248 G340 X70 Y0 Z20 DISCL = 6 DISR = 5 G40 F10000

; (P3ret)

N70 X80 Y0

; (P0ret)

Tools

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Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

Program code

Comment

N80 M 30

Note

The contour generated in this way is modified by tool radius compensation, which is activated

in the SAR approach block and deactivated in the SAR retraction block.

The tool radius compensation allows for an effective radius of 15, which is the sum of the tool

radius (10) and the contour offset (5). The resulting radius of the tool center path in the

approach block is therefore 10, and 5 in the retraction block.

3.5.5

Deselecting the TRC (G40)

G40 instruction

TRC is deselected with the G40 instruction.

Special points to be noted

• TRC can only be deselected in a program block with G0 (rapid traverse) or G1 (linear

interpolation).

• If D0 is programmed when tool radius compensation is active, compensation is not

deselected and error message 10750 is output.

• If a geometry axis is programmed in the block with the tool radius compensation deselection,

then the compensation is deselected even if it is not on the current plane.

3.5.6

Compensation at outside corners

G450/G451

The G commands G450/G451 can be used to control the response for discontinuous block

transitions at outside corners:

Command

Meaning

G450

Discontinuous block transitions with transition circle

G451

Discontinuous block transitions with intersection of equidistant paths

Tools

Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

67

Tool offset

3.5 2D tool radius compensation

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Example of a 90 degree outside corner with G450 and G451

G450 (transition circle)

With the active G command G450, on outside corners, the center point of the tool travels a

circular path along the tool radius. The circular path starts with the normal position

(perpendicular to the path tangent) at the end point of the previous path section (program

block) and ends in normal position at the start point of the new path section (program block).

Where outside corners are very flat, the response with G450 (transition circle) and G451

(intersection) becomes increasingly similar (see "Very flat outside corners").

If pointed outside corners are desired, the tool must be retracted from the contour (see Section

"DISC").

DISC

The G450 transition circle does not produce sharp outside contour corners because the path of

the tool center point through the transition circle is controlled so that the cutting edge stops at

the outside corner (programmed position). When sharp outside corners are to be machined

with G450, the DISC statement can be used to program an overshoot. Thus, the transition circle

becomes a conic and the tool cutting edge retracts from the outside corner.

The range of values of the DISC statement is 0 to 100, in increments of 1.

Value

Meaning

DISC = 0

Overshoot disabled, transition circle active

DISC = 100

Overshoot large enough to theoretically produce a response similar to intersec-

tion (G451).

The programmable maximum value for DISC can be set via the machine data:

MD20220 $MC_CUTCOM_MAX_DISC (max. value for DISC).

Values greater than 50 are generally not advisable with DISC.

Tools

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Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-6GP40-0BA1

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