SINUMERIK 840D sl. Service - Functions. Manual (2018-2020)

Cross-channel axis interchange

8.11 Geometry axis in rotated frame and axis replacement

After traversing functions 1. to 3. have been completed, the axis automatically goes back into

the "neutral axis" state.

8.11

Geometry axis in rotated frame and axis replacement

Replacement expansion via Frame with Rotation

In the JOG mode, a geometry axis with rotated WCS can be traversed as PLC axis or as a command

axis via static synchronized actions. For this purpose, the following machine data must be set:

MD32074 $MA_FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, bit 10 == 1

Note

Changing the operating mode in the JOG mode

Before changing the operating mode from JOG into another mode, all traversing motion of all

PLC and command axes, which have been linked as geometry axes in the rotated WCS, must

have been concluded. These axes must at least have become neutral axes again, otherwise

alarm 16908 will be output when the operating mode is changed. This alarm is also displayed

when only a single geometry axis is traversed as a PLC or command axis in the rotated coordinate

system.

Such an axis can only become a PLC or command axis within the channel. An axis replacement

in another channel is not permissible.

Prerequisite for changing from JOG to AUTOMATIC

When changing from the JOG to the AUTOMATIC mode, in the "Program interrupted" state, the

end point of geometry axis motion is only accepted if the following machine data is set:

MD 32074: FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, bit 11 == 1

This positions the PLC or command axes in relation to the rotation of the frame.

All axes influenced by a rotating frame are considered as geometry axes grouping and are

handled collectively. In this way, all axes of the

• assigned to the NC program or

• all axes are neutral or

• all axes are active as main run axes (PLC, command, or oscillation axis).

For example, if one axis is programmed with a WAITP, the system waits for all further axes of the

geometry axis grouping, so that these axes can collectively become neutral axes. If one of the

axes becomes a PLC axis in the main run, then all other axes of this grouping become neutral

axes.

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8.12 Axis replacement from synchronized actions

Supplementary conditions

If MD32074 $MA_FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, bit 10 == 0 and ROT Z45 is

programmed in the NC program, then for the X and Y axes no axis interchange is possible. This

is also analogously valid for the Z axis for e.g. ROT X45 or ROT Y45 - and also in the JOG

operating mode - if a block was interrupted with this type of programming. Although in this case

the NC/PLC interface signals "Axis replacement possible" (DB31, ...DBX68.5) are set for the X and

Y axes, these are however reset.

Only if MD32074 $MA_FRAME_OR_CORRPOS_NOTALLOWED, Bit 10 == 1 and no block with this

programming is being currently traversed, then in the JOG mode, these types of axes can be

interchanged.

8.12

Axis replacement from synchronized actions

Function

As action of a synchronized action, an axis can be requested for the channel (GET(<axis>)) or

released for axis replacement (RELEASE(<axis>)).

Note

The axis must be assigned as a channel axis via machine data.

An axis can be transferred directly between channels to a certain channel with command

AXTOCHAN via synchronized actions or in the part program. This axis does not have to be the

same channel and it is not necessary that this channel be in possession of the current

interpolation right for the axis.

Current state and interpolation right of the axis

With which axis type and interpolation right a possible axis replacement is to be performed, can

be read from the following system variable:

<Value> = $AA_AXCHANGE_TYP[<axis>]

<Val-

Meaning

ue>

The axis is assigned to the NC program

Axis assigned to PLC or active as command axis or oscillating axis

Another channel has the interpolation right.

Axis is neutral axis.

Neutral axis is controlled by the PLC.

Another channel has the interpolation right, axis is requested for NC program.

Another channel has the interpolation right, axis is requested as neutral axis.

Axis is PLC axis or active as a command axis/oscillating axis; the axis is requested for the NC

program.

Axis is PLC axis or active as a command axis/oscillating axis; the axis is requested as neutral axis.

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8.12 Axis replacement from synchronized actions

<Val-

Meaning

ue>

Permanently assigned PLC axis, in the neutral axis state.

Permanently assigned PLC axis, controlled by PLC, in the neutral axis state.

A "permanently assigned PLC axis in the neutral axis state" (9) and a "permanently assigned PLC

axis controlled from the PLC in the neutral axis state" (10) is independent of GET and RELEASE

permanently assigned to the PLC. Whether the axis can also be replaced is displayed in system

variable $AA_AXCHANGE_STAT[axis].

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Cross-channel axis interchange

8.12 Axis replacement from synchronized actions

State transitions GET, RELEASE from synchronous actions and when GET is completed

$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP=3

$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP=4

Neutral axis

neutral axis is

Axis (spindle)

controlled by PLC

$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP=

GSf

RSy

Channel

Chan-

nel 2

GSy

GSf

GSy

Axis (spindle)

After power ON

GSf

GSy

PLC axis

(spindle)

PLC

$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP=

GSy

requested as

neutral axis

PLC

PLC assigned or

active as HL axis

requested for NC program

RELEASE(AX ...) from synchronous actions

GET (AX ...) from synchronous actions

RSy

GSy

$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP=0

$AA_AXCHANGE_TYP=n

RESET key

GSf

GET if fulfilled in synchronous actions

Release in neutral state via PLC

GET via PLC

Release to a spec. channel via PLC

GET directly from NC program

PLC axis: PLC assigned or

PLC

active as HL axis

Figure 8-3

Transitions from synchronized actions

Further information

Function Manual Synchronized Actions; Actions in synchronized actions

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8.14 State diagram

8.13

Axis interchange for leading axes (gantry)

Function

A closed gantry grouping is treated regarding its axes always as a unit regarding axis

interchange. This is the reason why for an axis interchange of the leading axis, an axis

interchange is simultaneously made for all synchronous axes of the gantry grouping. In addition

to the preconditions for the leading axis described in the previous chapters, the appropriate

preconditions must also be fulfilled for all synchronous axes of the gantry grouping.

Axial machine data

For an axis interchange, the following axial machine data must be set the same for all axes of a

closed gantry group:

• MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 4 (control executing components)

• MD30460 $MA_BASE_FUNCTION_MASK, Bit 5 (assignment to components)

Axial NC/PLC interface signals

Within the scope of the axis interchange function, the following axial NC/PLC interface signals

always have the same values for all axes of a closed gantry grouping:

• DB31, ... DBX63.0 (reset executed)

• DB31, ... DBX63.1 (PLC controlled axis)

• DB31, ... DBX63.2 (axis stop active)

Axial system variable

Within the scope of the axis interchange function, the following axial system variables always

have the same values for all axes of a closed gantry group:

• $AA_AXCHANGE_TYP (axis type regarding axis interchange)

• $AA_AXCHANGE_STAT (axis status regarding axis interchange)

• $AA_SNGLAX_STAT (axis type of the individual axis)

8.14

State diagram

The following figure shows the states, events, actions, and state transitions for an axis for

channel 1 in relation to the "axis replacement" function.

For channel 2, the sub-states "neutral axis" and "PLC axis" are not shown for clarity's sake.

Assumption: The axis is assigned to channel 1 by default:

MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN[<axis>] = 1

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Cross-channel axis interchange

8.15 Boundary conditions

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Figure 8-4

State diagram: Axis replacement

8.15

Boundary conditions

On the transition of an axis from "PLC axis," "neutral axis," or "axis in another channel" status to

"channel axis" status, synchronization with preprocessing stop and synchronization in the

fetching channel are performed. This involves:

• Axis: Accept the actual axis position

• Spindle: Accepting the current speed and current gearbox stage

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8.16 Example

8.15.1

Axis replacement by PLC

If the part program of the channel is in one of the following sections at the time the axis

replacement (PLC → channel or channel → PLC) is requested by the PLC, axis replacement will

only be performed after this machining section has been exited:

• Continuous-path mode (G64/G640)

• Thread cutting/tapping (G33/G331/G332)

8.15.2

Block search with calculation

On a block search with calculation, only the commands GET, GETD, and RELEASE, which do not

cancel each other out, are output in the action block.

Example

Block search with calculation to target block N700:

Program code

Comment

N100 RELEASE(AX1)

; RELEASE(AX1) is collected

N110 GET(AX2)

; GET(AX2) is collected

N400 GET(AX1)

; GET(AX1) cancels RELEASE(AX1) =>

; RELEASE(AX1) and GET(AX1) are not saved

N700 ...

; Target block ⇒ output: GET(AX2)

N710 RELEASE(AX2)

Further information

You will find more information under Block search, types 1, 2, and 4: (Page 117).

8.16

Example

Assumptions

• Channel 1: The following axes are channel axes: 1, 2, 3, 4

• Channel 2: The following axes are channel axes: 4, 5, 6

• Default assignment: Axis 4 (AX4) is assigned to channel 1 by default

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8.16 Example

Parameter assignment

Channel 1

Axis names in the channel: MD20080

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 0 ] = "X" ; 1st channel axis

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 1 ] = "Y" ; 1st channel axis

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 2 ] = "Z" ; 1st channel axis

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 1>][ 3 ] = "U" ; 1st channel axis

Machine axes used: MD20070

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 0 ] = 1 ; 1st channel axis → axis 1

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 1 ] = 2 ; 2nd channel axis → axis 2

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 2 ] = 3 ; 3rd channel axis → axis 3

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 1>][ 3 ] = 4 ; 4th channel axis → axis 4

Channel 2

Axis names in the channel: MD20080

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 2>][ 0 ] = "X" ; 1st channel axis

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 2>][ 1 ] = "Y" ; 1st channel axis

• $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<channel 2>][ 2 ] = "U" ; 1st channel axis

Machine axes used: MD20070

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 2>][ 0 ] = 5 ; 1st channel axis → axis 5

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 2>][ 1 ] = 6 ; 2nd channel axis → axis 6

• $MC_AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[<channel 2>][ 2 ] = 4 ; 3rd channel axis → axis 4

Default assignment

Master channel of axis 4 (AX4) → channel 1

AX4 is the standard name of the 4th machine axis according to MD10000

$MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[ 3 ]

• MD30550 $MA_AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN[ AX4 ] = 1

Program example

Program in channel 1

Program in channel 2

; Traversing axis 4 (AX4)

; Synchronization point with channel 1

G01 F1000 U100

; WAITM(1,1,2)

; Release of AX4

; Request for AX4

RELEASE(AX4)

GET(AX4)

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8.17 Data lists

Program in channel 1

Program in channel 2

; Selection of program TAUSH2 in channel

; Traversing axis 4 (AX4)

G0 U0

INIT (2,"_N_MPF_DIR\_N_TAUSH2_MPF","S")

; Start program TAUSH2 in channel 2

START(2)

; Synchronization point with channel 2

; Release of AX4

WAITM (1,1,2)

RELEASE(AX4)

M30

8.17

Data lists

8.17.1

Machine data

8.17.1.1

General machine data

Number

Identifier: $MN_

Description

10010

ASSIGN_CHAN_TO_MODE_GROUP[n]

Channel valid in mode group [Channel No.]: 0, 1

10722

AXCHANGE_MASK

Parameterization of the axis replacement response

8.17.1.2

Channel-specific machine data

Basic machine data of channel

Number

Identifier: $MC_

Description

20000

CHAN_NAME

Channel name

20050

AXCONF_GEOAX_ASSIGN_TAB[n]

Assignment of geometry axis to channel axis

[GEOAxisNo.]: 0...2

20060

AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[n]

Geometry axis name in the channel

[GEOAxisNo.]: 0...2

20070

AXCONF_MACHAX_USED[n]

Machine axis number valid in channel

[Channel axis No.]: 0...7

20080

AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[n]

Channel axis name in the channel

[Channel axis No.]: 0...7

20090

SPIND_DEF_MASTER_SPIND

Initial setting of master spindle in channel

20100

DIAMETER_AX_DEF

Geometry axis with transverse axis function

20110

RESET_MODE_MASK

Determination of basic control settings after Reset/TP End

20112

START_MODE_MASK

Determination of basic control settings for NC start

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8.17 Data lists

Number

Identifier: $MC_

Description

20150

GCODE_RESET_VALUES[n]

Initial setting of the G groups

[G group No.]: 0...59

20160

CUBIC_SPLINE_BLOCKS

Number of blocks for C spline

20170

COMPRESS_BLOCK_PATH_LIMIT

Maximum traversing length of NC block for compression

20200

CHFRND_MAXNUM_DUMMY_BLOCKS

Empty blocks with phase/radii

20210

CUTCOM_CORNER_LIMIT

Max. angle for compensation blocks for tool radius com-

pensation

20220

CUTCOM_MAX_DISC

Maximum value for DISC

20230

CUTCOM_CURVE_INSERT_LIMIT

Maximum angle for intersection calculation with tool ra-

dius compensation

20240

CUTCOM_MAXNUM_CHECK_BLOCKS

Blocks for predictive contour calculation with tool radius

compensation

20250

CUTCOM_MAXNUM_DUMMY_BLOCKS

Number of blocks without traversing motion for tool ra-

dius compensation

20270

CUTTING_EDGE_DEFAULT

Initial state of tool cutting edge without programming

20400

LOOKAH_USE_VELO_NEXT_BLOCK

Look Ahead to programmed following block velocity

20430

LOOKAH_NUM_OVR_POINTS

Number of override switch corner values for Look Ahead

20440

LOOKAH_OVR_POINTS[n]

Override switch corner values for Look Ahead

[Corner value No.]: 0...1

20500

CONST_VELO_MIN_TIME

Minimum time with constant velocity

20600

MAX_PATH_JERK

Pathrelated maximum jerk

20610

ADD_MOVE_ACCEL_RESERVE

Acceleration reserve for overlaid motion

20650

THREAD_START_IS_HARD

Acceleration behavior of axis when thread cutting

20700

REFP_NC_START_LOCK

NC start inhibit without reference point

20750

ALLOW_GO_IN_G96

G0 logic in G96

20800

SPF_END_TO_VDI

Subprogram end to PLC

21000

CIRCLE_ERROR_CONST

Circle end point monitoring constant

21010

CIRCLE_ERROR_FACTOR

Circle end point monitoring factor

21100

ORIENTATION_IS_EULER

Angle definition for orientation programming

21110

X_AXIS_IN_OLD_X_Z_PLANE

Coordinate system for automatic frame definition

21200

LIFTFAST_DIST

Traversing path for fast retraction from the contour

21250

START_INDEX_R_PARAM

Number of first channel-specific R parameter

Auxiliary function settings of the channel

Number

Identifier: $MC_

Description

22000

AUXFU_ASSIGN_GROUP[n]

Auxiliary function group

[aux. func. no. in channel]: 0...49

22010

AUXFU_ASSIGN_TYPE[n]

Auxiliary function type

[aux. func. no. in channel]: 0...49

22020

AUXFU_ASSIGN_EXTENSION[n]

Auxiliary function extension

[aux. func. no. in channel]: 0...49

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8.17 Data lists

Number

Identifier: $MC_

Description

22030

AUXFU_ASSIGN_VALUE[n]

Auxiliary function value

[aux. func. no. in channel]: 0...49

22200

AUXFU_M_SYNC_TYPE

Output timing of M functions

22210

AUXFU_S_SYNC_TYPE

Output timing of S functions

22220

AUXFU_T_SYNC_TYPE

Output timing of T functions

22230

AUXFU_H_SYNC_TYPE

Output timing of H functions

22240

AUXFU_F_SYNC_TYPE

Output timing of F functions

22250

AUXFU_D_SYNC_TYPE

Output timing of D functions

22260

AUXFU_E_SYNC_TYPE (available soon)

Output timing of E functions

22400

S_VALUES_ACTIVE_AFTER_RESET

S function active after RESET

22410

F_VALUES_ACTIVE_AFTER_RESET

F function active after reset

22500

GCODE_OUTPUT_TO_PLC

G commands to PLC

22550

TOOL_CHANGE_MODE

New tool offset for M function

22560

TOOL_CHANGE_M_CODE

M function for tool change

Channel-specific memory settings

Number

Identifier: $MC_

Description

25000

REORG_LOG_LIMIT

Percentage of IPO buffer for log file enable

28000

MM_REORG_LOG_FILE_MEM

Memory size for REORG (DRAM)

28010

MM_NUM_REORG_LUD_MODULES

Number of blocks for local user variables for REORG (DRAM)

28020

MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_TOTAL

Number of local user variables (DRAM)

28030

MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_PER_PROG

Number of local user variables per program (DRAM)

28040

MM_LUD_VALUES_MEM

Memory size for local user variables (DRAM)

28050

MM_NUM_R_PARAM

Number of channelspecific R parameters (SRAM)

28060

MM_IPO_BUFFER_SIZE

Number of NC blocks in IPO buffer (DRAM)

28070

MM_NUM_BLOCKS_IN_PREP

Number of blocks for block preparation (DRAM)

28080

MM_NUM_USER_FRAMES

Number of settable Frames (SRAM)

28090

MM_NUM_CC_BLOCK_ELEMENTS

Number of block elements for compile cycles (DRAM)

28100

MM_NUM_CC_BLOCK_USER_MEM

Size of block memory for compile cycles (DRAM)

28500

MM_PREP_TASK_STACK_SIZE

Stack size of preparation task (DRAM)

28510

MM_IPO_TASK_STACK_SIZE

Stack size of IPO task (DRAM)

8.17.1.3

Axis/spindlespecific machine data

Number Identifier: $MA_

Description

30460

BASE_FUNCTION_MASK

Axis functions

30550

AXCONF_ASSIGN_MASTER_CHAN

Reset position of channel for axis change

30552

AUTO_GET_TYPE

Definition of automatic GET

30600

FIX_POINT_POS

Fixed value positions of axes with G75

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Preprocessing

9.1

Brief description

Preprocessing

The programs stored in the directories for standard and user cycles can be preprocessed to

reduce runtimes.

Preprocessing is activated via machine data.

Standard and user cycles are preprocessed when the power is switched on, i.e. as an internal

control function, the part program is translated (compiled) into a binary intermediate code

optimized for processing purposes.

All program errors that can be corrected by means of a compensation block are detected during

preprocessing. In addition, when the program includes branches and check structures, a check

is made to ensure that the branch destinations are present and that structures are nested

correctly.

The full scope of control functionality is available:

• Override influence

• Reactions to data and signals that are input by the PLC or the operator

• Current block display

• The programs can be processed in single block mode (SBL1 and SBL2). Block searches can be

executed. The compilation cannot be stored; it is concealed from the user and regenerated

every time the power is switched on.

Preprocessing can be used:

• To optimize the runtimes of part programs with high-level language components (branches,

check structures, motion-synchronous actions)

• CPU time intensive part programs (e.g. stock removal cycles)

• Faster processing of time-critical sections (e.g. program continuation after preprocessing

stop during rapid deletion of distance-to-go, or return stroke, or in the tool change cycle).

General information

Preprocessing standard and user cycles is possible. The processing time of part programs can

then be reduced without restricting the control functionality.

The standard and user cycles are preprocessed when machine data is set accordingly:

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL (program preprocessing level)

Preprocessing is carried out program-specifically. It is possible to mix preprocessed part

programs and part programs interpreted in ASCII format. Preprocessing serves to reduce

incidental times.

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Preprocessing

9.1 Brief description

Memory space is needed for preprocessing cycles. You can optimize your memory utilization in

two ways:

• The program to be executed can be shortened with the command DISPLOF (display off).

• MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL has been expanded by bit 2 and 3. This allows

selective cycle preprocessing of the individual directories (e.g. user cycles).

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL has been expanded by bit 4. In this way, the

preprocessing of the user cycles can be selected from the directory _N_CMA_DIR.

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL has been expanded by bit 5. In this way, individual user

cycles can be preprocessed in a targeted manner if they have the command PREPRO after the

PROC instruction.

Precompiled cycles are stored in the dynamic NC memory by default. MD10700

$MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL has been expanded by bit 6. This allows specifying that the

compiled programs that are now stored in the dynamic NC memory and no longer have enough

space can be stored in static NC memory.

Functionality

The programs stored in the directories for standard and user cycles are preprocessed when the

power is switched on, i.e. the part program is translated (compiled) into an intermediate binary

code optimized for processing purposes. The compilation is processed when called.

Runtime optimization

The preprocessing function is primarily suited for optimizing the runtimes of part programs with

high-level language components (jumps, control structures, synchronized actions).

While jumps and control structures are dissolved by a search through all blocks (block start)

when part programs are interpreted in ASCII format (active as default), a branch is made directly

to the destination block in a preprocessed part program.

This lifts the runtime differences between jumps and control structures.

Example of preprocessing execution time:

Execution reduction by 30% with active compressor

DEF INT COUNTER

Target: G1 G91 COMPCAD

G1 X0.001 Y0.001 Z0.001 F100000

COUNTER=COUNTER +1

COUNTER=COUNTER -1

COUNTER=COUNTER +1

IF COUNTER<= 100000 GOTOB TARGET

Computation-intensive programs and programs with symbolic names are processed more

quickly.

Execution time-critical sections (e.g. continuation of processing after deletion of distance-to-go

or preprocessing stop in cycles) can be processed faster.

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Preprocessing

9.2 Program handling

If the interrupt routine exists as a preprocessed cycle, the processing can be continued more

quickly after the program interrupt.

9.2

Program handling

Activation/Deactivation

Cycles are preprocessed on POWER ON if the following machine data is set:

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL, bit 1 (program preprocessing level)

Bit

Value

Meaning

No preprocessing

Call description of cycles is not known by default.

Cycles, like normal subprograms, have to be stated as external before the cycle call. This

is a sensible setting when no cycles with call parameters are used.

During control power-up, the call description of the cycles is generated. All user cycles

(_N_CUS_DIR directory) and Siemens cycles (_N_CST_DIR directory) with transfer pa-

rameters can be called up without external statement. Changes to the cycle-call inter-

face do not take effect until the next POWER ON.

The following machine data must be set:

MD18170 $MN_MM_NUM_MAX_FUNC_NAMES (number of auxiliary actions)

MD18180 $MN_MM_NUM_MAX_FUNC_PARAM (number of auxiliary parameters for

cycles)

During control power-up, all cycles are preprocessed into a compilation optimized for

processing. All user cycles (_N_CUS_DIR directory) and standard cycles (_N_CST_DIR

directory) are processed at high speed. Program changes to cycle programs do not take

effect until the next POWER ON.

During control power-up, the standard cycles in the _N_CST_DIR directory are prepro-

cessed in a compilation optimized for processing.

During control power-up, the user cycles in the _N_CUS_DIR directory are preprocessed

in a compilation optimized for processing.

Preprocessing of user cycles from the directory _N_CMA_DIR

Preprocessing the user cycles with the PREPRO command in the PROC instruction line.

Unmarked files of directories marked with bits 1-4 are not preprocessed.

If bit 0, then control of the preprocessing is carried out in accordance with the specifi-

cations of bits 0-4.

The compilation is stored in the dynamic NC memory as long as free memory is still

available. If sufficient memory is not available, preprocessing is aborted.

The size of the dynamic NC memory is obtained with this machine data:

MD18351 $MN_MM_DRAM_FILE_MEM_SIZE.

The areas occupied in the dynamic NC memory by the compilation are visible to the user.

Bit combinations are permissible.

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Preprocessing

9.2 Program handling

Compiling

Subroutines (_SPF file extension) located in the directories for standard cycles (_N_CST_DIR,

_N_CMA_DIR) and user cycles (_N_CUS_DIR) and any subroutines marked with PREPRO are

compiled. The name of the compilation corresponds to the original cycle with extension _CYC.

Note

Program changes to precompiled programs do not take effect until the next POWER ON.

Access rights

The preprocessed program can only be executed, but not read or written. The compilation

cannot be modified or archived. The original cycles _SPF files are not deleted.

The compilation is not changed when the ASCII cycle is altered, i.e. changes do not take effect

until after the next POWER ON.

Memory requirements

The memory requirement for compiled cycles is approximately factor 2 in addition to the ASCII

part program.

The memory requirements for variables defined in the part programs are defined by the

following machine data:

MD28020 $MC_MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_TOTAL (number of local user variables)

MD28010 $MC_MM_NUM_REORG_LUD_MODULES (number of modules for local user variables

with REORG)

MD28040 $MC_MM_LUD_VALUES_MEM (memory size for local user variables)

MD18242 $MC_MM_MAX_SIZE_OF_LUD_VALUE (memory block size for LUD/GUD values)

Further information is provided under Memory configuration (Page 885).

While preprocessing is in progress, the amount of memory required is the same as if the

preprocessed program were called on the first subprogram level.

When programs are preprocessed after POWER ON, a name is counted for each branch

destination/label as if it were a variable. These names must be taken into account in the

following machine data:

MD28020 $MC_MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_TOTAL (number of local user variables)

Example

Program code

Comment

PROC NAMES

;

DEF INT VARIABLE, ARRAY[2]

; 2 names

START:

; 1 name, only for preprocessing

FOR VARIABLE = 1 TO 9

; 1 name, only for preprocessing

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9.3 Program call

Program code

Comment

G1 F10 X=VARIABLE*10-56/86EX4+4*SIN(VARI-

ABLE/3)

ENDFOR

; 1 name, only for preprocessing

M17

In order to execute this program normally, the following machine data must specify at least 3

names:

MD28020 $MC_MM_NUM_LUD_NAMES_TOTAL

Six names are required to compile this program after POWER ON.

Preprocessed programs/cycles are stored in the dynamic NC memory. The space required for

each program must be flashed over unmodified as outlined above. Adjustment of the memory

mapping in the static NC memory is required only if bit 6 = 1 is set in the following machine data:

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL (program processing level)

In this case, the program compilations for which there is insufficient space in the dynamic NC

memory are stored in the static NC memory.

Examples for appropriate machine data settings can be found under "Examples" in the

Subsection "Preprocessing in the dynamic NC memory".

9.3

Program call

Overview

Main programs

User cycles

Standard cycles

/_N_MPF_DIR

/_N_CUS_DIR

/_N_CST_DIR

Main program

Call

CYCLE_SPF

ASCII

without preprocessing

Cycle

CYCLE

_N_CYCLE_SPF

Preprocessing

CYCLE_CYC

_N_MAIN_SPF

Call

Pre-

with preprocessing

processed

Cycle

_N_CYCLE_CYC

Figure 9-1

Generation and call of preprocessed cycles without parameters

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Preprocessing

9.3 Program call

Main programs

User cycles

Standard cycles

/_N_MPF_DIR

/_N_CUS_DIR

/_N_CST_DIR

Main program

Call

ASCII

Cycle

without preprocessing

PROC CYCLE95

(REAL FFW1, ...)

CYCLE95 (10...)

_N_CYCLE95_SPF

Preprocessing

Call

Pre-

with preprocessing

processed

Cycle

_N_CYCLE95_CYC

Figure 9-2

Generation and call of preprocessed cycles with parameters

Call

• Compiled cycle: A compiled cycle is called in exactly the same way as a normal subroutine.

Example: CYCLE

• Preprocessing is activated: The compiled cycle is called instead of the ASCII cycle.

- If the subroutine is called explicitly with extension _SPF, then the ASCII cycle is called even

if a compilation is available.

Example: CYCLE_SPF; ASCII cycle call

- If the subroutine is called explicitly with extension _CYC, then the preprocessed cycle is

called (assuming that it is available). An error message is output if no compilation is

available.

Example: CYCLE_CYC; calls a precompiled cycle

- If bit 5 is set and a file that is not marked with PREPRO is called explicitly with the extension

_CYC, an error message is issued with Alarm 14011.

• If a subroutine is called without explicit extension, an attempt is first made to load the

program. If this is not possible (not marked with PREPRO), an attempt is made to load the SPF

program.

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9.4 Constraints

• The change to an external language mode with G291 is rejected and an alarm issued. When

calling a precompiled cycle, an explicit change is made into the Siemens language mode.

• When the subroutine is called, it is checked whether the compiled file is older than the cycle.

If so, the compile file is deleted and an alarm issued. The user must preprocess the cycles

again.

Note

Only cycles without parameters may be called with the extension _SPF or _CYC.

It is not permissible that PUDs are used in cycles that have been preprocessed. The PUDs are

created in the calling main program. At the time of compilation after POWER ON, this data is

not known to the cycles.

The actual program display shows whether the current ASCII cycle or the compilation has been

called (extension _SPF or _CYC).

Call condition

All cycles in the cycle directories must be compiled before preprocessing is activated. Non-

compiled cycles in _N_CUS_DIR and _N_CST_DIR which were loaded after POWER ON, for

example, can only be called through explicit specification of extension _SPF.

If preprocessing is active and bit 5 is set, all programs that do not start with the PREPRO PROC

instruction are not precompiled.

Syntax check

All program errors, which can be corrected using a correction block, are already identified at the

time of preprocessing. In addition, when the program includes branches and check structures,

a check is made to ensure that the branch destinations are present and that structures are nested

correctly.

Branch destinations and labels must be unique in the program.

After the errors detected during preprocessing have been corrected, preprocessing must be

started again by means of an NC POWER ON.

9.4

Constraints

Availability of the "preprocessing" function

The function is an option ("Program pre-processing"), which must be assigned to the hardware

via the license management.

Language scope

The full vocabulary of the NC language is available in the part program.

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9.5 Examples

There are no restrictions on the calculation of measured process variables and in the reaction to

signals from the process and other channels (override, deletion of distance-to-go, motion-

synchronous actions, channel coordination, interrupt processing, etc.).

Axis name

Part programs are compiled independently of channels. For this reason, the geometry and

channel names set in the following machine data must be identical in all channels if they

are used directly in the precompiled cycles:

MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB (name of the geometry axis in the channel)

MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB (name of the channel axis in the channel)

Generally speaking, axis names are not used directly in machining cycles since cycles are written

as follows:

• independently of channels and

• independently of the axis names defined on the machine.

The axes to be traversed are addressed indirectly via machine data or transferred as parameters:

• Indirect axis programming:

- IF $AA_IM[AXNAME($MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[4])] > 5

; This branch will pass through if the actual value of the 5th channel axis

; with reference to the machine coordinate system is greater than 5.

- G1 AX[AXNAME($MC-AXCONF-GEOAX-NAME-TAB[0])] = 10

F1000 G90.

; Traverse the 1st geometry axis to the value 10.

ENDIF

• Transfer of axis to be traversed from the main program:

- Cycle definition

PROC DRILL(AXIS DRILL_AXIS)

WHILE $AA_IW[DRILL_AXIS] > -10

G1 G91 F250 AX[DRILL_AXIS] = -1

ENDWHILE

- Call from the main program

DRILL(Z)

9.5

Examples

9.5.1

Preprocessing individual files

Program code

Comment

PROC UP1 PREPRO

; Preprocessing if bit 5 = 1

; in PREPROCESSING_LEVEL

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9.5 Examples

Program code

Comment

N1000 DEF INT COUNTER

N1010 TARGET: G1 G91 COMPCAD

N1020 G1 X0.001 Y0.001 Z0.001 F100000

N1030 COUNTER=COUNTER+1

N1040 COUNTER=COUNTER-1

N1050 COUNTER=COUNTER+1

N1060 IF COUNTER<=10 GOTOB TARGET

N1070 M30

PROC UP2

N2000 DEF INT VARIABLE, ARRAY[2]

N2010 IF $AN_NCK_Version < 3.4

N2020 SETAL(61000)

N2030 ENDIF

N2040 START:

N2050 FOR VARIABLE = 1 TO 5

N2060 G1 F1000 X=VARIABLE*10-56/86EX4+4*SIN(VARIABLE/3)

N2070 ENDFOR

N2080 M17

PROC MAIN

N10 G0 X0 Y0 Z0

N20 UP1

N30 G0 X10 Y10 Z10

N40 UP2

N50 G0 X100 Y100

N60 UP3

N70 G0 X10 Y10

N80 M30

Sample constellations:

a) Bit 5 = 1

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL=45 ; bit 0, 2, 3, 5

Subprogram UP1 is pretranslated, and the call description is generated.

Subprogram UP2 is not pretranslated, but the call description is generated.

b) Bit 5 = 0

MD10700 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL=13 ; bit 0, 2, 3,

Both subprograms are pretranslated, and the call description is generated.

c) Example of an invalid subprogram with activated compiling:

Program code

Comment

PROC SUB1 PREPRO

G291

; ← Alarm when compiling, G291 not possible

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9.6 Data lists

Program code

Comment

G0 X0 Y0 Z0

M17

9.5.2

Preprocessing in the dynamic NC memory

Machine data for preprocessing only in the dynamic NC memory with selective selection:

Program code

Comment

; Bit 5 = 1 Selective program selection

; Bit 6 =0 no switch to

; static NC memory if

; dynamic NC memory is full

N30 $MN_MM_DRAM_FILE_MEM_SIZE = 800

; Reserve space

N40 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL = 63

; Bit 0-5 = 1

M17

Machine data for preprocessing in the dynamic NC memory with the option of using the static

NC memory and selective selection:

Program code

Comment

; Bit 5 = 1 Selective program selection

; Bit 6 = 1 switch to static

; NC memory if dynamic NC

; memory full

N30 $MN_MM_DRAM_FILE_MEM_SIZE = 800

; Reserve space

N40 $MN_PREPROCESSING_LEVEL = 127

; Bit 0-6 = 1

M17

9.6

Data lists

9.6.1

Machine data

9.6.1.1

General machine data

Number Identifier: $MN_

Description

10700

PREPROCESSING_LEVEL

Program preprocessing level

18242

MM_MAX_SIZE_OF_LUD_VALUE

Maximum LUD-variable array size

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10.1

Brief description

Measurement level 1: Channel-specific measurement

Function

Up to two switching probes can be connected simultaneously to the CNC. In the case of channel-

specific measurement, the measurement process for an NC channel is always activated from the

part program running in the relevant channel. All of the axes programmed in the measurement

block take part in the measurement process. It is possible to program a trigger event (rising or

falling edge) and a measurement mode with or without deletion of distance-to-go for each

measurement process. The results of measurements can be read in the part program or with

synchronized actions in both the machine and the workpiece coordinate system. It is possible to

test the deflection of the probe by scanning a system variable and outputting it to the PLC

interface and deriving responses in the part program. An extended functionality is available with

measurement level 2.

Benefits

• Influencing the process during machining

• Ensuring machining precision

Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option; order code M32)

Article No.: 6FC5800-0AM32-0YB0

Function

While the measurement function in motion blocks in the part program is limited to one block,

you can activate measurement functions from synchronized actions at any time, independent

of the part program. The measurement events can be assigned to the axes in the NC block (axis-

specific measurement). In the case of simultaneous measurement, up to four trigger events can

be evaluated per position controller cycle. Measured values are read as a function of the three

parameters: probe, axis and measuring edge.

In the case of continuous (cyclic) measurement, the measurement results are written to a FIFO

variable. Endless measurement can be achieved by reading out the FIFO values cyclically.

Measurement results can be logged in the form of a file.

Benefits

• Influencing the process during machining

• Ensuring machining precision

• Logging of the measurement results

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Measurement

10.1 Brief description

Measuring functions for workpiece and tool measurement

Function

All the measuring tasks to be resolved in a milling or turning machine can be efficiently managed

with the measuring functions for workpiece and tool measurement. The measurements can be

performed via an HMI operator action or via measuring cycles from the part program. They can

execute either channel-specifically including all axes programmed in the measurement block as

well as axis-specifically from the part program or from synchronized actions beyond NC block

limits.

Additional properties:

• Measuring in JOG

• Two probes can be connected simultaneously

• Measuring in space with frame

• Adaptable measurement types with/without deletion of distance-to-go

• Display and logging of measurement parameters and results (with measuring cycles)

• Measurement results can be read in the machine or workpiece coordinate system

• Cyclic measurement with synchronized actions parallel to the workpiece machining

Benefits

• Ensuring machining precision

• Reduction of idle times

• Elimination of error sources

• Automation of production processes.

Siemens measuring cycles (option; order code P28)

Article No.: 6FC5800-0AP28-0YB0

Function

Measuring cycles provided by Siemens as an option are predefined subprograms for resolving

specific measuring tasks on tools or workpieces that can be adapted to certain measuring

situations via specific parameters.

Benefits

• Almost all measuring tasks that have to be resolved in a turning/milling machine can be

handled

• Reliable quality of the manufactured parts through automatic measurement directly in the

machine

• Fast programming even for complex measuring tasks thanks to input screens with graphic

support

• Superior workpiece accuracy and optimum transparency of the quality data

Further information: Measuring Cycles Programming Manual

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10.2 Probes that can be used

10.2

Probes that can be used

Hardware requirement

In order to measure tool and workpiece dimensions, a touch trigger probe is required that

supplies a constant bounce-free signal (rather than a pulse) when deflected.

Probe types

A distinction is made between the following probe types according to the number of possible

deflection directions:

• Multidirectional probe (3D)

Suitable for all tool and workpiece measurements on turning and milling machines.

• Bidirectional probe

Suitable for workpiece measurement on milling machines and machining centers (treated

like monodirectional probes) and turning machines.

Not suitable for tool measurement.

• Monodirectional probe

Suitable for workpiece measurement on milling machines and machining centers with minor

restrictions.

Not suitable for workpiece measurement on turning machines.

Not suitable for tool measurement.

① Multidirectional probe (3D)

② Bidirectional probe

③ Monodirectional probe

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Measurement

10.3 Measurement level 1: Channel-specific measurement

Requirements for the use of monodirectional probes

The following requirements apply for the use of monodirectional probes in milling machines and

machining centers:

• The spindle must be capable of being positioned with the SPOS function.

• The probe switching signal must be transmittable through 360°.

The probe must also be mechanically aligned in the spindle to permit measurements in the

following directions at the 0° spindle position:

Plane

Measuring direction

G17 (X-Y)

Positive X direction

G18 (Z-X)

Positive Z direction

G19 (Y-Z)

Positive Y direction

Note

The complete measurement takes longer because the spindle needs to be positioned several

times with SPOS during the measuring cycle.

10.3

Measurement level 1: Channel-specific measurement

In the case of channel-specific measuring, the measuring process for an NC channel is always

activated from the part program running in the relevant channel. One trigger event (positive or

negative edge of the probe) and one measuring mode with deletion of distance-to-go (MEAS)

or without deletion of distance-to-go (MEAW) are programmed in a measuring block. All the

axes programmed in the measuring block then take part in the measuring process.

As soon as a measuring block becomes active, the probe is moved to the workpiece. On the

probe's switching edge, the positions for all axes programmed in the measuring block are

measured and written to the appropriate memory cell for each axis.

The results of measurements can be read in the part program or with synchronized actions in

both the machine and the workpiece coordinate systems.

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10.3 Measurement level 1: Channel-specific measurement

;

Syntax

MEAS=<TE> G... X... Y... Z...

MEAW=<TE> G... X... Y... Z...

Meaning

MEAS:

Measurement with delete distance-to-go

Effectiveness:

Non-modal

MEAW:

Measurement without delete distance-to-go

Effectiveness:

Non-modal

Application:

For measuring tasks in which the programmed position is to

be approached in every case.

<TE>:

Trigger event to initiate measurement

Type:

INT

Range of values:

-2, -1, 1, 2

Value:

(+)1

Positive edge of probe 1 (on measuring input 1)

-1

Negative edge of probe 1 (on measuring input 1)

(+)2

Positive edge of probe 2 (on measuring input 2)

-2

Negative edge of probe 2 (on measuring input 2)

Note:

There is a maximum of 2 probes (dependent on configuration level).

G...:

Type of interpolation, e.g. G0, G1, G2 or G3

X... Y... Z...:

End points in Cartesian coordinates

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10.3 Measurement level 1: Channel-specific measurement

Note

MEAS and MEAW are non-modal, and programmed together with motion operations. The

feedrate and interpolation type (G0, G1, etc.) as well as the number of axes must be adapted for

the respective measuring task.

Example

Program code

Comment

N10 MEAS=1 G1 F1000 X100 Y730 Z40

; Measuring block with probe at first

measuring input and linear interpola-

tion. A preprocessing stop is automati-

cally generated.

Further information

Query status

If an evaluation is required in the program, whether a probe has been deflected or has switched,

the status can be queried through the following system variables:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$A_PROBE[<n>]

Probe state

INT

Probe not deflected.

Probe deflected.

$AC_MEA[<n>]

Switching status of the probe

INT

Probe has not switch-

$AC_MEA[<n>] is automati-

cally reset at the beginning of

Probe has switched.

a measurement.

<n> = number of the probe

Reading measured values

For channel-specific measuring, the positions of all traversing path and positioning axes of the

block are acquired (maximum number of axes depends on the control configuration). For MEAS,

the motion is braked in a defined fashion after the probe has been triggered.

Note

If a geometry axis is programmed in a measuring block, the measured values are stored for all

current geometry axes.

If an axis participating in a transformation is programmed in a measuring block, the measured

values are stored for all axes participating in this transformation.

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10.4 Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

Reading measurement results

The measured values of the axes acquired by probes can be read through the following system

variables in the part program and in synchronized actions.

System variable

Meaning

$AA_MM[<Axis>]

Probe measured value in the machine coordinate system

$AA_MW[<Axis>]

Probe measured value in the workpiece coordinate system

10.4

Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

With axis-specific measuring, activation can take place in the part program or in synchronized

actions. If two measuring systems are available for the axis, both can be used for the

measurement.

The following measuring methods are available:

• Measurement with delete distance-to-go (MEASA)

• Measurement without delete distance-to-go (MEAWA)

• Continuous measurement without delete distance-to-go (MEAC)

With MEASA or MEAWA for the programmed axis, up to four measured values are acquired for

each measurement and are then saved in system variables in accordance with the trigger event.

With continuous measurement with MEAC, the measurement results are stored in FIFO

variables.

Syntax

MEASA[<Axis>]=(<Mode>,<TE1>,...,<TE4>)

MEAWA[<Axis>]=(<Mode>,<TE1>,...,<TE4>)

MEAC[<Axis>]=(<Mode>,<MeasMem>,<TE1>,...,<TE4>)

Note

MEASA and MEAWA are non-modal; and can be programmed together in one block. If, on the

contrary, MEASA/MEAWA are programmed with MEAS/MEAW in one block, there is an error

message.

Meaning

MEASA:

Axis-specific measurement with deletion of distance-to-go

Effectiveness:

Non-modal

MEAWA:

Axes-specific measurement without delete distance-to-go

Effectiveness:

Non-modal

MEAC:

Axis-specific, continuous measurement without delete distance-to-go

Effectiveness:

Non-modal

<Axis>:

Name of channel axis used for measurement

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Measurement

10.4 Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

<Mode>:

Two-digit (xx) number indicating the operating mode (measuring mode and meas-

uring system)

Units decade: Measuring mode

Specifies whether the trigger events are to be activated in chronological or pro-

grammed order.

Cancel measuring job.

Up to 4 different trigger events can be activated simultaneously.

Up to 4 trigger events that can be activated successively.

Up to 4 different trigger events can be activated in succession, but there is

no monitoring of trigger event 1 at the start (alarms 21700/21703 are

suppressed).

Note:

MEAC does not support this mode.

Tens decade: Measuring system

Specifies the measuring system with which measuring is to be performed.

0x (or no specification)

Active measuring system

Measuring system 1

Measuring system 2

Both measuring systems

<TE>:

Trigger event to initiate measurement

Type:

INT

Range of values:

-2, -1, 1, 2

(+)1

Positive edge of probe 1

-1

Negative edge of probe 1

(+)2

Positive edge of probe 2

-2

Negative edge of probe 2

Note:

If the measuring process is performed with two measuring systems, a maximum of

two trigger events can be programmed (positive or negative edge). The measured

values of both measuring systems are acquired for both the trigger events.

<MeasMem>:

Number of FIFO (circular buffer)

Examples

Example 1: Axis-specific measurement with delete distance-to-go in mode 1 (evaluation in

chronological sequence)

a) Measuring with one measuring system

Program code

Comment

N100 MEASA[X]=(1,1,-1) G01 X100 F100

; Measuring in mode 1 with active measur-

ing system. Wait for measuring signal

with positive/negative edge from probe 1

for travel path to X=100.

N110 IF $AC_MEA[1]==FALSE GOTOF END

; Check that the measurement was success-

ful.

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10.4 Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

Program code

Comment

N120 R10=$AA_MM1[X]

; Save measured value acquired at the

first programmed trigger event (positive

edge).

N130 R11=$AA_MM2[X]

; Save measured value acquired at the sec-

ond programmed trigger event (negative

edge).

N140 END:

b) Measuring with two measuring systems

Program code

Comment

N200 MEASA[X]=(31,1,-1) G01 X100 F100

; Measuring in mode 1 with both measuring

systems. Wait for measuring signal with

positive/negative edge from probe 1 for

travel path to X=100.

N210 IF $AC_MEA[1]==FALSE GOTOF END

; Check that the measurement was success-

ful.

N220 R10=$AA_MM1[X]

; Save measured value of measuring system

1 at positive edge.

N230 R11=$AA_MM2[X]

; Save measured value of measuring system

2 at positive edge.

N240 R12=$AA_MM3[X]

; Save measured value of measuring system

1 at negative edge.

N250 R13=$AA_MM4[X]

; Save measured value of measuring system

2 at negative edge.

N260 END:

Example 2: Axis-specific measurement with delete distance-to-go in mode 2 (evaluation in

programmed sequence)

Program code

Comment

N100 MEASA[X]=(2,1,-1,2,-2) G01 X100 F100

; Measuring in mode 2 with active measur-

ing system. Wait for measuring signal in

the sequence positive edge probe 1, nega-

tive edge probe 1, positive edge probe 2,

negative edge probe 2 while traversing

path to X=100.

N110 IF $AC_MEA[1]==FALSE GOTOF PROBE2

; Check that the measurement with probe 1

is successful.

N120 R10=$AA_MM1[X]

; Save measured value acquired at the

first programmed trigger event (positive

edge of probe 1).

N130 R11=$AA_MM2[X]

; Save measured value acquired at the sec-

ond programmed trigger event (positive

edge of probe 1).

N140, PROBE2:

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Measurement

10.4 Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

Program code

Comment

N150 IF $AC_MEA[2]==FALSE GOTOF END

; Check that the measurement with probe 2

is successful.

N160 R12=$AA_MM3[X]

; Save measured value acquired at the

third programmed trigger event (positive

edge of probe 2).

N170 R13=$AA_MM4[X]

; Save measured value acquired at the

fourth programmed trigger event (positive

edge of probe 2).

N180 END:

Example 3: Axis-specific, continuous measurement in mode 1 (evaluation in chronological

sequence)

a) Measurement of up to 100 measured values

Program code

Comment

N110 DEF REAL MEASVALUE[100]

N120 DEF INT loop=0

N130 MEAC[X]=(1,1,-1) G01 X1000 F100

; Measuring in mode 1 with active measur-

ing system, save measured values under

$AC_FIFO1, wait for measuring system with

negative edge from probe 1 on the travel

path to X=1000.

N135 STOPRE

N140 MEAC[X]=(0)

; Terminate measurement when axis posi-

tion is reached.

N150 R1=$AC_FIFO1[4]

; Save number of accumulated measured val-

ues in parameter R1.

N160 FOR loop=0 TO R1-1

N170 MEASURED VALUE[loop]=$AC_FIFO1[0]

; Read-out measured values from $AC_FIFO1

and save.

N180 ENDFOR

b) Measurement with delete distance-to-go after 10 measured values

Program code

Comment

N10 WHEN $AC_FIFO1[4]>=10 DO MEAC[x]=(0) DELDTG(x)

; Delete distance-to-go.

N20 MEAC[x]=(1,1,1,-1) G01 X100 F500

N30 MEAC [X]=(0)

N40 R1 = $AC_FIFO1[4]

; Number of measured values.

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10.4 Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

c) Measurement of a positive/negative tooth flank with 2 probes

Program code

Comment

N110 DEF REAL MEASVALUE[16]

N120 DEF INT loop=0

N130 MEAC[X]=(1,1,-1,2) G01 X100 F100

; Measurement in mode 1 with active meas-

uring system, save measured values under

$AC_FIFO1, wait for measuring signal in

the sequence negative edge of probe 1,

positive edge of probe 2 while traversing

the travel path to X=100.

N140 STOPRE

; Preprocessing stop.

N150 MEAC[X]=(0)

; Terminate measurement when axis posi-

tion is reached.

N160 R1=$AC_FIFO1[4]

; Save number of accumulated measured val-

ues in parameter R1.

N170 FOR loop=0 TO R1-1

N180 MEASURED VALUE[loop]=$AC_FIFO1[0]

; Read-out measured values from $AC_FIFO1

and save.

N190 ENDFOR

Further information

Measuring job

A measuring job can be programmed in the part program or from a synchronized action. Please

note that only one measuring job can be active at any given time for each axis.

Note

The feed must be adjusted to suit the particular measuring task

In the case of MEASA and MEAWA, the correctness of results can be only guaranteed for

feedrates at which no more than one trigger event of the same type and no more than 4 trigger

events of different types occur in each position control cycle.

In the case of continuous measurement with MEAC, the ratio between interpolator cycle and the

position control cycle must not exceed 1:8.

Trigger event

A trigger event comprises the number of the probe and the trigger criterion (positive or negative

edge) of the measuring signal.

Up to 4 trigger events of the addressed probe can be processed for each measurement; in other

words, up to two probes each with two measuring signal edges. The processing sequence and

the maximum number of trigger events depend on the selected mode.

If the measuring operation is performed with two measuring systems, a maximum of two trigger

events can be programmed (positive or negative edge). The measured values of both probes are

acquired for both of the trigger events.

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10.4 Measurement level 2: Axis-specific measurement (option)

With the use of PROFIBUS telegram 391 (default setting for PROFIBUS communication) only one

measured value is possible for each trigger event and position control cycle.

When using PROFIBUS telegram 395 (Page 581), for MEAC in operating mode 1, the number of

measured values for each trigger event can be increased to a total of 8 measured values for

increasing and 8 for falling edge per trigger event and position controller clock cycle:

• One probe: 8 measured values for a positive and 8 for a negative edge

• Two probes: 4 measured values for a positive and 4 for a negative edge for each probe

This means that higher feed rates or higher speeds can be reached by using PROFIBUS telegram

395.

Operating mode

The first digit (tens decade) of the operating mode selects the required measuring system. If only

one measuring system is installed, but a second is programmed, the installed system is

automatically selected.

The second digit (units decade) selects the desired measuring mode. The measuring process is

thus adapted to the options supported by the relevant control:

• Mode 1

Trigger events are evaluated in the chronological sequence in which they occur.

• Mode 2

Trigger events are evaluated in the programmed sequence.

• Mode 3

Trigger events are evaluated in the programmed sequence but there is no monitoring of

trigger event 1 at the start.

Measurement with and without delete distance-to-go

When command MEASA is programmed, the distance-to-go is not deleted until all required

measured values have been acquired.

MEAWA is used for special measuring tasks in which a programmed position always has to be

approached.

Note

MEASA cannot be programmed in synchronized actions. As an alternative, MEAWA plus delete

distance-to-go can be programmed as a synchronized action.

If the measuring job with MEAWA is started from synchronized actions, the measured values will

only be available in the machine coordinate system.

Geometry axes/transformations

If axial measurement is to be started for a geometry axis, the same measuring job must be

programmed explicitly for all remaining geometry axes. The same applies to axes involved in a

transformation.

Examples:

N10 MEASA[Z]=(1,1) MEASA[Y]=(1,1) MEASA[X]=(1,1) G0 Z100

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N10 MEASA[Z]=(1,1) POS[Z]=100

Query status

If an evaluation is required in the program, whether a probe has been deflected or has switched,

the status can be queried through the following system variables:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$A_PROBE[<n>]

Probe state

INT

Probe not deflected.

Probe deflected.

$AC_MEA[<n>]

Switching status of the probe

INT

Probe has not switch-

$AC_MEA[<n>] is automati-

cally reset at the beginning of

Probe has switched

a measurement.

(all trigger events pro-

grammed in the

measuring block

have taken place).

<n> = number of the probe

Note

If measurement is started from synchronized actions, $AC_MEA is no longer updated. In this

case, the NC/PLC interface signal DB31, … DBX62.3 or the equivalent variable

$AA_MEAACT[<Axis>] must be queried.

$AA_MEAACT==1: Measurement active

$AA_MEAACT==0: Measurement not active

Probe limitation

In the NC program or synchronized action, the probe limiting status can be read using system

variable $A_PROBE_LIMITED when using PROFIBUS telegram 395:

$A_PROBE_LIMITED[<n>] == 0: Probe limitation inactive/reset

$A_PROBE_LIMITED[<n>] == 1: Probe limitation active

<n> = probe number

Measurement results for MEASA / MEAWA

The values measured by probes can be read through the following system variables in the part

program and in synchronized actions.

System variable

Meaning

$AA_MM1[<Axis>]

Probe measured value for trigger event 1 in the machine coordinate system

$AA_MM4[<Axis>]

Probe measured value for trigger event 4 in the machine coordinate system

$AA_MW1[<Axis>]

Probe measured value for trigger event 1 in the workpiece coordinate system

$AA_MW4[<Axis>]

Probe measured value for trigger event 4 in the workpiece coordinate system

<Axis> = measuring axis

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If a measuring job is executed by two measuring systems, each of the two possible trigger events

is acquired from both measuring systems. The assignment of system variables is then as follows:

$AA_MM1[<Axis>]

$AA_MW1[<Axis>]

Measured value from measuring sys-

tem 1 on trigger event 1

$AA_MM2[<Axis>]

$AA_MW2[<Axis>]

Measured value from measuring sys-

tem 2 on trigger event 1

$AA_MM3[<Axis>]

$AA_MW3[<Axis>]

Measured value from measuring sys-

tem 1 on trigger event 2

$AA_MM4[<Axis>]

$AA_MW4[<Axis>]

Measured value from measuring sys-

tem 2 on trigger event 2

Continuous measurement (MEAC)

The measured values for MEAC are available in the machine coordinate system and stored in the

programmed FIFO[<n>] memory (circular buffer). If two probes are configured for the

measurement, the measured values of the second probe are stored separately in the FIFO[<n>

+1] memory configured specifically for this purpose (defined in machine data).

The FIFO memory is a circular buffer in which measured values are written to $AC_FIFO variables

according to the circular principle.

Note

FIFO contents can be read only once from the circular buffer. If this measured data is to be used

several times, it must be buffered in the user data.

If the number of measured values for the FIFO memory exceeds the maximum value defined in

machine data, the measurement is automatically terminated.

An endless measuring process can be implemented by reading out measured values cyclically.

In this case, data must be read out at least with the same frequency as new measured values are

input.

Further information: Function Manual Synchronized Actions

Protection against programming errors

The following programming errors are detected and indicated as errors:

• MEASA/MEAWA programmed with MEAS/MEAW in the same block

Example:

N01 MEAS=1 MEASA[X]=(1,1) G01 F100 POS[X]=100

• MEASA/MEAWA with number of parameters <2 or >5

Example:

N01 MEAWA[X]=(1) G01 F100 POS[X]=100

• MEASA/MEAWA with trigger event not equal to 1/ -1/ 2/ -2

Example:

N01 MEASA[B]=(1,1,3) B100

• MEASA/MEAWA with invalid mode

Example:

N01 MEAWA[B]=(4,1) B100

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• MEASA/MEAWA with trigger event programmed twice

Example:

N01 MEASA[B]=(1,1,-1,2,-1) B100

• MEASA/MEAWA and missing geometry axis

Example:

N01 MEASA[X]=(1,1) MEASA[Y]=(1,1) G01 X50 Y50 Z50 F100; GEO axis X/

Y/Z

• Inconsistent measuring job with geometry axes

Example:

N01 MEASA[X]=(1,1) MEASA[Y]=(1,1) MEASA[Z]=(1,1,2) G01 X50 Y50 Z50

F100

Telegram selection

By default, the axis-specific measurement is implemented with PROFIBUS telegram 391.

PROFIBUS telegram 395 is used for measuring with several measured values per trigger event

and the position controller cycle.

The following settings are also required:

• Drive parameters:

CU: p0922 = 395; setting for the telegram selection

CU: p0684 = 16; setting of the measuring procedure

CU: p0680; configuration of the central probe terminal

• PROFIBUS connection:

MD13211 $MN_MEAS_CENTRAL_SOURCE = 2 (telegram integration without handshake)

10.5

Workpiece and tool measurement

10.5.1

Fundamentals

10.5.1.1

Introduction

In workpiece measurement, a probe is moved to the clamped workpiece in the same way as a

tool and the measured values are acquired. Because of the broad selection of different

measurement types, all the measuring tasks to be resolved in a milling or turning machine can

be managed without a problem. For example, the position of the workpiece can be measured in

relation to an edge, a corner or a hole. To determine the zero position of the workpiece or a hole,

set positions can be added to the measured positions in the WCS. The resulting offsets can be

entered in a selected frame.

The position setpoint of an axis in the WCS can be altered when setting the actual value. The

calculated frame should be written to SETFRAME system frame.

In the tool measurement, the length or radius of a tool can be measured using a measured

reference part.

The measurements can be performed via an HMI operator action or via measuring cycles.

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The calculation is performed in the NC either with activation of a PI service via an HMI operator

action or via the predefined MEASURE() function in the measuring cycle. A tool and a plane can

be selected as a basis for the calculation. The calculated frame is entered in the result frame.

Communication with the NC takes place via predefined system variables. The input variables

must be written by the HMI or the cycles. The output variables contain the calculated results.

10.5.1.2

Input variables

Validity bits of the input variables

Each input variable implicitly sets the corresponding validity bit in $AC_MEAS_VALID system

variable when writing. If the validity bits are not reset, the variable values remain valid for the

next calculation. For this reason, the validity bits of all input variables should be declared as

invalid before each measurement by setting $AC_MEAS_VALID to 0:

$AC_MEAS_VALID = 0

Note

A channel reset or end of program reset does not reset the validity bits.

Bit

System variable

Meaning

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

1st measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

2nd measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[<Axis>]

3rd measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>]

4th measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>]

Set position of an axis

$AC_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE

Set angle for the workpiece position angle; -90 < α

< 180

$AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE

Set angle of intersection of the workpiece corner; 0

< φ < 180

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER

Tool selection

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER

Cutting edge selection

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH

Direction of approach to the workpiece

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE

Specification of the working plane and infeed di-

rection

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT

Frame selection for the workpiece measurement

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

Measurement type selection

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS

Fine offset correction

$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE[<Axis>]

Set angle of an axis

$AA_MEAS_SCALEUNIT

Unit of measurement for input and output values

$AA_MEAS_TOOL_MASK

Tool position taking the tool lengths into account

$AA_MEAS_P1_COORD

Coordinate system of the 1st measuring point

$AA_MEAS_P2_COORD

Coordinate system of the 2nd measuring point

$AA_MEAS_P3_COORD

Coordinate system of the 3rd measuring point

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Bit

System variable

Meaning

$AA_MEAS_P4_COORD

Coordinate system of the 4th measuring point

$AA_MEAS_SET_COORD

Coordinate system of the set position

$AA_MEAS_CHSFR

Frame selection for system frames

$AA_MEAS_NCBFR

Frame selection for global basic frames

$AA_MEAS_CHBFR

Frame selection for channel basic frames

$AA_MEAS_UIFR

Frame selection for settable frames

$AA_MEAS_PFRAME

Frame selection for programmable frames

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[<n>]

Measuring input parameters

$AC_MEAS_GFR

Frame selection for grinding frames

$AC_MEAS_ORIWKS

Transformation behavior of the measuring inter-

face

Note

All axis actual values of the appropriate measuring point are invalidated by:

$AC_MEAS_LATCH = 0

Measuring points

A maximum of four measuring points are available for all channel axes for the measurements:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

1st measuring point for all chan-

REAL

nel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

2nd measuring point for all chan-

REAL

nel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[<Axis>]

3rd measuring point for all chan-

REAL

nel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>]

4th measuring point for all chan-

REAL

nel axes

The measured points are normally available as actual values in the WCS. A measuring point is

marked as valid as soon as an axis value has been written from it. Each individual measuring

point can be written or picked up directly.

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Some measurement types also support measuring points lying in a different coordinate system

(BCS, MCS). The entry in which coordinate system of the corresponding measuring point was

measured, can be performed via the following system variables:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AA_MEAS_P1_COORD

Coordinate system of the 1st measur-

INT

0: WCS (default)

ing point

1: BCS

$AA_MEAS_P2_COORD

Coordinate system of the 2nd meas-

INT

2: MCS

uring point

3: SZS

$AA_MEAS_P3_COORD

Coordinate system of the 3rd measur-

INT

4: WCS_REL

ing point

5: SZS_REL

$AA_MEAS_P4_COORD

Coordinate system of the 4th measur-

INT

ing point

$AA_MEAS_SET_COORD

Coordinate system of the set position

INT

Picking up measuring points

The measuring points can be written with the current axis actual values. The positions are picked

up with reference to the selected coordinate system. The positions are picked up in the WCS if

no coordinate system is specified. The picked up measuring points are saved in

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>] ... $AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>].

Picking up a measuring point of all axes

The pick up of all current axis actual values for one measuring point is specified via the

$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0 ... 3] system variable:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AA_MEAS_LATCH[0]

Pick up 1st measuring point of all axes

INT

0: Do not accept

axis actual values

$AA_MEAS_LATCH[1]

Pick up 2nd measuring point of all ax-

INT

for the measuring

point

$AA_MEAS_LATCH[2]

Pick up 3rd measuring point of all axes

INT

1: Accept axis ac-

$AA_MEAS_LATCH[3]

Pick up 4th measuring point of all axes

INT

tual values for the

measuring point

Picking up the measuring point of one axis

The pick up of individual axis actual values for one measuring point is specified via the

$AA_MEAS_P1_VALID[<Axis>] ... $AA_MEAS_P4_VALID[<Axis>] system variables:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AA_MEAS_P1_VAL-

Pick up 1st measuring point of an axis

INT

0: Do not accept

ID[<Axis>]

axis actual value

for the measuring

$AA_MEAS_P2_VAL-

Pick up 2nd measuring point of an axis

INT

point

ID[<Axis>]

1: Accept axis ac-

$AA_MEAS_P3_VAL-

Pick up 3rd measuring point of an axis

INT

tual value for the

ID[<Axis>]

measuring point

$AA_MEAS_P4_VAL-

Pick up 4th measuring point of an axis

INT

ID[<Axis>]

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Setpoints

The resulting frame is calculated so that the measurement complies with the setpoints specified

by the user.

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>]

Set position of an axis

REAL

$AA_MEAS_SETANGLE[<Axis>]

Set angle of an axis

REAL

$AA_MEAS_SP_VALID[<Axis>]

Set position of the axis invalid/valid

INT

Set posi-

tion of

the axis

is invalid

Set posi-

tion of

the axis

is valid

$AC_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE

Set angle for the workpiece posi-

REAL

-90 < α < 180

tion

$AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE

Set angle of intersection of the

REAL

0 < φ < 180

workpiece corner

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH *⁾

Direction of approach to the work-

INT

+ X

piece

- X

+ Y

- Y

+ Z

- Z

^*) The direction of approach is required only for the edge, groove, web and tool measurement.

The following measuring points are irrelevant and not evaluated:

• 2nd measuring point when entering the set angle for the workpiece position.

• 4th measuring point when entering the set angle of intersection

Plane setting

The specification of the working plane to define the tool orientation is performed via the

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE system variable:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE

Specification of the work-

INT

• G17 - working plane

ing plane and infeed direc-

X/Y

tion

• Infeed direction Z

• G18 - working plane

Z/X

• Infeed direction Y

• G17 - working plane

Y/Z

• Infeed direction X

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If no plane is specified, then the active plane is used for the calculation.

Translational offsets

When measuring workpieces, translational offsets can be entered in the fine offset component

of the selected frame. The $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS system variable is used for this purpose:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS

Fine offset correction

INT

Translational compensa-

tion is entered in the

course offset.

Translational compensa-

tion is entered in the fine

offset.

If the $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS variable is not written, the compensation value is entered in the

coarse offset and transformed in the time frame. There can also be a fine component in the

translation by virtue of the transformation.

Irrespective of $AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS, the compensation is always entered in the coarse

offset when:

MD18600 $MN_MM_FRAME_FINE_TRANS = 0

Frame selection during the workpiece measurement

When a workpiece is measured, the calculated frame is entered in the specified frame. The frame

selection is performed via the $AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT system variable:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT

Frame selection during the workpiece measure-

INT

ment

The $AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT system variable can assume the following values:

Value

Frame

Meaning

$P_SETFRAME

Active system frame

$P_PARTFRAME

Active system frame

$P_EXTFRAME

Active system frame

10 ... 25

$P_CHBFRAME[0 ... 15]

Active channel-specific basic frames

50 ... 65

$P_NCBFRAME[0 ... 15]

Active NCU-global basic frames

100 ... 199

$P_IFRAME

The calculation is performed with the active setta-

ble frame if the corresponding frame is selected. If

the selected frame is not active, the corresponding

data management frame is included in the calcula-

tion.

500

$P_TOOLFRAME

Active system frame

501

$P_WPFRAME

Active system frame

502

$P_TRAFRAME

Active system frame

503

$P_PFRAME

Active current programmable frame

504

$P_CYCFRAME

Active system frame

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Value

Frame

Meaning

505

$P_RELFRAME (WCS)

Active system frame

506

$P_RELFRAME (SZS)

Active system frame

1010 ... 1025

$P_CHBFRAME[0 ... 15]

Active channel-specific basic frames with active

G500

1050 ... 1065

$P_NCBFRAME[0 ... 15]

Active NCU-global basic frames with active G500

2000

$P_SETFR

System frame in the data management

2001

$P_PARTFR

System frame in the data management

2002

$P_EXTFR

System frame in the data management

2010 ... 2025

$P_CHBFR[0 ... 15]

Channel-specific basic frames in the data manage-

ment

2050 ... 2065

$P_NCBFR[0 ... 15]

NCU-global basic frames in the data management

2100 ... 2199

$P_UIFR[0 ... 99]

Settable frames in the data management

2500

$P_TOOLFR

System frame in the data management

2501

$P_WPFR

System frame in the data management

2502

$P_TRAFR

System frame in the data management

2504

$P_CYCFR

System frame in the data management

2505

$P_RELFR (WCS)

System frame in the data management

2506

$P_RELFR (SZS)

System frame in the data management

3010 ... 3025

$P_CHBFR[0 ... 15]

Channel-specific basic frames with active G500 in

the data management

3050 ... 3065

$P_NCBFR[0 ... 15]

NCU-global basic frames with active G500 in the

data management

The MEASURE( ) function calculates frame $AC_MEAS_FRAME according to the specified frame.

For the values from 0 to 1065, the calculation is performed using the active frame.

From 2000 to 3065, the calculation is performed with reference to the selected frame in the data

management. The frame selection in the data management is not supported for measurement

types 14 and 15. A frame does not have to be active in order to select it in the data management.

In this case, the calculation is performed as if the frame were active in the chain.

The measuring point is transformed in the selected system and the selected frame is determined

using the entire frame including the selected frame. Preset actual value is active only after

compensation and activation of the frame.

For the values with active G500 (1010 ... 1025, 1050 ... 1065, 3010 ... 3025, 3050 ... 3065), the

target frame is calculated so that G500 must also be active after this frame is selected in order

to reach the set position.

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Conversion into another coordinate system

If a position is to be converted to a position in another coordinate system, the following system

variables can be used to specify the composition of the desired frame chain:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AC_MEAS_CHSFR

Frame selection for system frames

INT

Bit mask correspond-

ing to MD28082

$MC_MM_

SYS-

TEM_FRAME_MASK

$AC_MEAS_NCBFR

Frame selection for global basic frames

INT

Bit mask (0 ... FFFF)

$AC_MEAS_CHBFR

Frame selection for channel basic frames

INT

Bit mask (0 ... FFFF)

$AC_MEAS_UIFR

Frame selection for settable frames

INT

0 ... 99

$AC_MEAS_PFRAME

Frame selection for programmable

INT

Is included in

frames

the calculation.

Is not included

in the calcula-

tion.

The data management frames are read and a new frame is set up for the corresponding values

in the variables.

If the system variables are not set, the active frames are retained.

Note

Values should only be written to those system variables whose data management frames are

also to be included in the new frame chain. In the case of the basic frames, only all of the frames

can be exchanged, and not just a particular frame. Active changes via $P_NCBFRMASK and

$P_CHBFRMASK are ignored.

Measuring input parameters

The array system variable $AC_MEAS_INPUT[<n>] is used for the input of further parameters

that are used in the various measurement types

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[<n>]

Measuring input parame-

INT

<n> = 0 ... 9

ters

The control action of the measuring input parameters is described in the measuring methods.

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Tool and cutting edge selection

The tool and cutting edge number of the active tool must correspond to the selected tool. When

T0 and D0 are selected, the active tool is included in the calculation. If no tool is active, the tool

selected by T and D is included in the calculation. However, no tool other than the selected tool

must be active.

System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER

Tool selection

INT

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER

Cutting edge selection

INT

Measurements with 3D probe

When measuring with the 3D probe, the radius of the tool is already compensated via the

measuring point, and therefore the radius does not have to be included when calculating the

various measurement operations. This property can be specified via the

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK system variable.

System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_MASK

Tool position taking the tool lengths into account

INT

The $AC_MEAS_TOOL_SCREEN system variable can assume the following values:

Value

Meaning

0x0

All tool lengths are considered (default).

0x1

Tool radius is not included in the calculation.

0x2

Tool position in the X direction (G19).

0x4

Tool position in the Y direction (G18).

0x8

Tool position in the Z direction (G17).

0x10

Tool length is not included in the calculation.

0x20

Length of the active tool is included in the coordinate transformation of a position.

0x40

Tool position in the X direction.

0x80

Tool position in the Y direction.

0x100

Tool position in the Z direction.

0x200

Tool length differences are included negatively.

Whether or not the radius of a milling tool is included in the calculation can be determined from

the tool position and approach direction. If the approach direction is not specified explicitly, it is

determined by the selected plane:

Working plane

Approach direction

G17

-Z

G18

-Y

G19

-X

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10.5.1.3

Selecting the measurement type

The $AC_MEAS_TYPE system variable is used to select the measurement type.

System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

Measurement type selection

INT

The $AC_MEAS_TYPE system variable can assume the following values:

Value

Meaning

Default setting

Measurement type 1: Measurement of an X edge

Measurement type 2: Measurement of a Y edge

Measurement type 3: Measurement of a Z edge

Measurement type 4: Measurement of a C1 corner

Measurement type 5: Measurement of a C2 corner

Measurement type 6: Measurement of a C3 corner

Measurement type 7: Measurement of a C4 corner

Measurement type 8: Measurement of a hole

Measurement type 9: Measurement of a shaft

10 *⁾

Measurement type 10: Measurement of the tool length

11 *⁾

Measurement type 11: Measurement of the tool diameter

Measurement type 12: Measurement of a groove

Measurement type 13: Measurement of a web

Measurement type 14: Preset actual value for geometry and special axes

Measurement type 15: Preset actual value for special axes only

Measurement type 16: Measurement of an inclined edge

Measurement type 17: Measurement of an angle in an inclined plane

Measurement type 18: Redefining the WCS on the inclined plane

Measurement type 19: 1-dimensional setpoint specification

Measurement type 20: 2-dimensional setpoint specification

Measurement type 21: 3-dimensional setpoint specification

22 *⁾

Measurement type 22: ShopTurn - Measurement of tool lengths with zoom-in function

23 *⁾

Measurement type 23: ShopTurn - Measurement of a tool length with a stored or actual

position

Measurement type 24: Coordinate transformation of a measuring point

Measurement type 25: Measurement of a rectangle

Measurement type 26: Backup of data management frames

Measurement type 27: Restoration of backed up data management data

Measurement type 28: Specification of an additive rotation for taper turning

^*) Measurement types of the tool measurement

The individual measurement types are shown more precisely in Section "Types of workpiece

measurement (Page 604)" or "Measuring types of the tool measurement (Page 643)" and

explained in more detail using an appropriate programming example.

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10.5.1.4

Activating the calculation

Activating via an HMI operator action

The calculation is activated by an HMI operator action with PI service _N_SETUDT. This Pl service

can accept one of the following parameter types:

Parameter type

Meaning

Active tool offset

Active basic frames

Active settable frame

Global basic frames

Global settable frames

Calculate workpiece zero or tool lengths

Activate workpiece zero (write scratching)

Activate external work offset

Activate active tool carrier, TCOABS and PAROT

The change is shown immediately in the Reset state. In the Stop state, the frame is executed at

the next start.

Note

The PI service can be executed only in the Reset and Stop states.

In the case of workpiece measurement, the calculated frame is activated immediately with

parameter type 7.

In the case of tool measurement, the PI service must not be sent with parameter type 7, since

a zero point does not have to be activated.

Activation in the Stop state

The new WCS positions are refreshed in the Stop state. With the continuation of the part

program, the distance-to-go of the interrupted block is deleted. Traversing is from the current

position to the end point of the next block. Therefore, it is also possible in the Stop state to start

a spindle in the MDI mode or in the part program and set and scratch an actual value with M0.

Another measurement can also be performed.

Measuring cycles

The activation of the calculation in the measuring cycles is performed via the predefined

MEASURE( ) function.

MEASURE() delivers a result frame that can be read via $AC_MEAS_FRAME. The result is the

translation and rotation from the setpoints recalculated on the selected frame. The result frame

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is calculated so that the concatenated sum frame equals the concatenation of the entire frame

(prior to measurement) with the calculated translation and rotation.

NOTICE

No preprocessing limitation

MEASURE() does not trigger an implicit preprocessing stop. MEASURE( ) works with the frames

of the preprocessing block. The user must decide whether a preprocessing stop is required prior

to the calculation.

Note

If no frame is selected, the calculated frame is not transformed. This means that the translation

and rotation result from the specified setpoints and the calculated position of the edge, corner,

groove, etc. Where the function is used more than once, it is always added to the result frame.

The result frame may need to be deleted beforehand.

Synchronization of the measuring processes

The measurement variable occurs only once per channel. The measuring process can be

performed via an operator input in the Stop and Reset states. The operation can overlap with the

measuring cycles in the Stop state. The $AC_MEAS_SEMA variable (semaphore to the

measurement interface) serves to protect against mutual overwriting.

The $AC_MEAS_SEMA semaphore variable is set to 1 by the measuring cycle at the start of the

cycle and reset to 0 at the end of the cycle.

HMI does not use the measurement interface when the $AC_MEAS_SEMA variable has the value

10.5.1.5

Output variables

Calculation results

If a set position has been specified, the resulting frame is entered in the $AC_MEAS_FRAME

result frame. This frame can be read and written in the part program. The result frame is

calculated according to the selected frame.

If no frame has been selected, the result frame determines the final translation and rotation in

the WCS. This frame can be entered in the selected frame using the PI service _N_SETUDT and

parameter type 7. Once it has been entered, the result frame is deleted.

The following output variables are available for the results of the calculation:

System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame

FRAME

$AC_MEAS_WP_ANGLE

Calculated workpiece position angle α

REAL

$AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE

Calculated angle of intersection ϕ

REAL

$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER

Calculated diameter

REAL

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System variable

Meaning

Data type

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH

Calculated tool length

REAL

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[<n>]

Calculation results

DOUBLE

Which array element is written depends on the

measurement type ($AC_MEAS_TYPE).

10.5.1.6

System of units

System of units, inch/metric

The following input and output variables are evaluated with the inch or metric system of units:

System variable

Meaning

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Input variable: 1st measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

Input variable: 2nd measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[<Axis>]

Input variable: 3rd measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>]

Input variable: 4th measuring point for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>]

Input variable: Set position of an axis

$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER

Output variable: Calculated diameter

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH

Output variable: Calculated tool length

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[<n>]

Output variable: Calculation results

The system of units in which the input and output values can be read or written can be set via

the $AC_MEAS_SCALEUNIT system variable.

System variable

Meaning

Data type

Value

$AC_MEAS_SCALEUNIT

Unit of measurement

INT

Unit of measurement depends

for input and output

on the active G function of

values

group 13:

• With active G70/G700: Inch

• With active G71/G710: Met-

ric

Unit of measurement unit corre-

sponds to the configuration (de-

fault setting).

The value 1 is always treated as the standard setting when $AC_MEAS_SCALEUNIT is not written.

Example:

The following should apply for the example:

• $AC_MEAS_SCALEUNIT = 0

• Basic system: Metric

Program code

Comment

G70

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

; $AA_IW[X] returns basic system

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Program code

Comment

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=10

; 10 mm

G71

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

; $AA_IW[X] returns basic system

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=10

; 10 mm

G700

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

; $AA_IW[X] returns inch value

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=10

; 10 inch

G710

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

; $AA_IW[X] returns metric value

$AC_MEAS_POINT1[X]=10

; 10 mm

Diameter programming

The diameter programming is set via the machine data:

• MD20100 $MC_DIAMETER_AX_DEF (geometry axis with transverse axis function)

• MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES (reset setting of the G groups)

• MD20360 $MC_TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK (definition of the tool parameters)

Example:

MD20100 $MC_DIAMETER_AX_DEF = "X"

; Transverse axis is X.

MD20150 $MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[28] = 2

; DIAMON

MD20360 $MC_TOOL_PARAMETER_DEF_MASK =

; Tool length, frames and actual values in

'B1001010'

the diameter

The following must be taken into account:

• Axis positions in the MCS are not included in the calculation as diameter value.

• The calculated tool lengths and frame components do not depend on the active G command

DIAMON or DIAMOF.

• The measuring positions and set positions are read and written depending on DIAMON.

• The translations in the frames are included in the calculation as diameter value in the

transverse axis.

Arithmetic and display precision

Position values in mm, inches or degrees are accurately calculated and displayed to six decimal

places.

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10.5 Workpiece and tool measurement

10.5.1.7

Diagnostics

Error messages

PI service _N_SETUDT

If the client is logged on through DIAGN:errCodeSetNrGent or DIAGN:errCodeSetNrPi,

PI_SETUDT provides the following error codes:

Error code

Meaning

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASOK

Correct calculation.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOTYPE

Measurement type not specified.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASTOOLERROR

Error while determining the tool.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOPOINT1

Measuring point 1 not available.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOPOINT2

Measuring point 2 not available.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOPOINT3

Measuring point 3 not available.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOPOINT4

Measuring point 4 not available.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOSPECPOINT

No reference point available.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNODIR

No approach direction.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASEQUALPOINTS

Measuring points are identical.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASWRONGALPHA

Alpha (α) is wrong.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASWRONGPHI

Phi (ϕ) is wrong.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASWRONGDIR

Wrong approach direction.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOCROSSING

Straight lines do not intersect.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOPLANE

Planes do not exist.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASWRONGFRAME

No frame or wrong frame selected.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASNOMEMORY

Insufficient memory available.

EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASINTERNALERROR

Internal error.

If the client does not log on, group error number 0xD003 is always generated.

MEASURE( )

The following return values are output via the predefined MEASURE() function:

No.

Return value

Meaning

MEAS_OK

Correct calculation.

MEAS_NO_TYPE

Measurement type not specified.

MEAS_TOOL_ERROR

Error while determining the tool.

MEAS_NO_POINT1

Measuring point 1 not available.

MEAS_NO_POINT2

Measuring point 2 not available.

MEAS_NO_POINT3

Measuring point 3 not available.

MEAS_NO_POINT4

Measuring point 4 not available.

MEAS_NO_SPECPOINT

No reference point available.

MEAS_NO_DIR

No approach direction.

MEAS_EQUAL_POINTS

Measuring points are identical.

MEAS_WRONG_ALPHA

Alpha (α) is wrong.

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No.

Return value

Meaning

MEAS_WRONG_PHI

Phi (ϕ) is wrong.

MEAS_WRONG_DIR

Wrong approach direction.

MEAS_NO_CROSSING

Straight lines do not intersect.

MEAS_NO_PLANE

Planes do not exist.

MEAS_WRONG_FRAME

No frame or wrong frame selected.

MEAS_NO_MEMORY

Insufficient memory available.

MEAS_INTERNAL_ERROR

Internal error.

Error while determining the tool

In the case of error code EX_ERR_PI_REJ_MEASTOOLERROR or MEAS_TOOL_ERROR, the system

stores a more detailed specification of the error with the following values in the

$AC_MEAS_TOOL_LENGTH output variable:

No.

Return value

Meaning

TOOL_NO_BLOCK

No block available for the tool calculation.

TOOL_WRONG_T_NUMBER

Wrong T number.

TOOL_WRONG_D_NUMBER

Wrong D number.

TOOL_EVAL_WRONG_TYPE

The tool does not exist.

TOOL_NO_TOOLCORR_BODY

Memory problem.

TOOL_DATA_READ_ERROR

Error while reading the tool data.

TOOL_NO_TOOL_WITH_TRAFO

No tool is selected with an active transformation.

Further diagnostic options

Log

If the "/_N_MPF_DIR/_N_MEAS_DUMP_MPF" file is available, a log is written in the file that should

enable the reproduction of the problem. In order to use the log, an empty file with the name

"_N_MEAS_DUMP_MPF" must first be created in the "/_N_MPF_DIR" directory. The content of the

file is retained until it is deleted with $AC_MEAS_VALID = 0.

Trace

For runtime reasons, the trace should only be activated when a problem is detected.

10.5.2

Types of workpiece measurement

10.5.2.1

Measurement type 1, 2, 3: Measurement of an edge

Function

The edge of a clamped workpiece is measured by approaching this edge with a known tool.

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Measurement type 1: Measurement of an X edge

;

Figure 10-1

Measurement of an X edge

The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement type 1:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for the input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1 for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the X edge

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH

= 0

+ X

= 1

- X

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

Tool radius is only included in the calculation in G17 and G18.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 1

Measurement type 1: Measurement of an X edge

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement type 1:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Position of the measured edge

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Measurement type 2: Measurement of a Y edge

;

Figure 10-2

Measurement of a Y edge

The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement type 2:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for the input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1 for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the Y edge

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH

= 2

+ Y

= 3

- Y

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

Tool radius is only included in the calculation in G17 and G19.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 2

Measurement type 2: Measurement of a Y edge

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement type 2:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Position of the measured edge

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Measurement type 3: Measurement of a Z edge

;

Figure 10-3

Measurement of a Z edge

The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement type 3:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for the input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1 for all channel axes

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the Z edge

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH

= 4

+ Z

= 5

- Z

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

Tool radius is only included in the calculation in G18 and G19.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 3

Measurement type 3: Measurement of a Z edge

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement type 3:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Position of the measured edge

Example

Measurement type 1: Measurement of an X edge

Program code

Comment

DEF INT RETVAL

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Program code

Comment

DEF FRAME TMP

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

;

Type

$TC_DP2[1,1]=20

;

$TC_DP3[1,1]=10

;

(Z) length compensation vector

$TC_DP4[1,1]=0

;

(Y)

$TC_DP5[1,1]=0

;

(X)

$TC_DP6[1,1]=2

;

Radius

T1 D1

G0 X0 Y0 Z0 F10000

G54

;

Measure X edge.

$AC_MEAS_VALID=0

;

Set all input values to invalid.

G1 X-1 Y-3

;

1. Approach measuring point.

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[Y]=$AA_IW[Y]

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[Z]=$AA_IW[Z]

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH=0

;

Set approach direction +X.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[X]=0

;

Set set position of the edge.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[Y]=0

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[Z]=0

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE=0

;

Measuring plane is G17.

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT=101

;

Select frame: IFRAME

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER=1

;

Select tool.

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER=1

$AC_MEAS_TYPE=1

;

Set measurement type for X edge.

RETVAL=MEASURE()

;

Start measuring process.

IF RETVAL <> 0

SETAL(61043, << RETVAL)

ENDIF

$P_IFRAME=$AC_MEAS_FRAME

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Program code

Comment

$P_UIFR[1]=$P_IFRAME

; Write system frames to the data management.

G1 X0 Y0

; Approach the edge.

M30

10.5.2.2

Measurement type 4, 5, 6, 7: Measurement of a corner

Function

A corner is uniquely defined by approaching four measuring points P1 to P4. Three measuring

points suffice for a known angle of intersection ϕ.

If the angle of intersection ϕ and the workpiece position angle α are known, two measurement

points P1 and P3 suffice.

;

Figure 10-4

Measurement of a corner (C1, C2, C3 or C4)

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The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement types 4 to 7:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for the input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

Measuring point 2 (not relevant for $AC_MEAS_WP_SETAN-

GLE)

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[<Axis>]

Measuring point 3

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>]

Measuring point 4 (not relevant for $AC_MEAS_CORNER_SE-

TANGLE)

$AA_MEAS_WP_SETANGLE *⁾

Set workpiece position angle

$AA_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE *⁾

Set angle of intersection

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the corner

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] *⁾

= 0

Measurement for outer corner

= 1

Measurement for inner corner

The following applies unless otherwise specified: Measure-

ment for the outer corner

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 4

Measurement type 4: Measurement of a C1 corner

= 5

Measurement type 5: Measurement of a C2 corner

= 6

Measurement type 6: Measurement of a C3 corner

= 7

Measurement type 7: Measurement of a C4 corner

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement types 4 to 7:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation and rotation

$AC_MEAS_WP_ANGLE

Calculated workpiece position angle

$AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE

Calculated angle of intersection

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Abscissa of the calculated corner point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1]

Ordinate of the calculated corner point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2]

Applicate of the calculated corner point

Example

Measurement type 4: Measurement of a C1 corner

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Corner with three measuring points (P1, P3 and P4) and known angle of intersection ϕ (90°) and

unknown workpiece position angle α.

Program code

Comment

DEF INT RETVAL

DEF FRAME TMP

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

; Type

$TC_DP2[1,1]=20

; 0

$TC_DP3[1,1]=10

; (Z) length compensation vector

$TC_DP4[1,1]=0

; (Y)

$TC_DP5[1,1]=0

; (X)

$TC_DP6[1,1]=2

; Radius

T1 D1

G0 X0 Y0 Z0 F10000

G54

$P_CHBFRAME[0]=CROT(Z,45)

$P_IFRAME[x,tr]= -SIN(45)

$P_IFRAME[y,tr]= -SIN(45)

$P_PFRAME[z,tr]= -45

; Measure corner with three measuring

points:

$AC_MEAS_VALID=0

; Set all input values to invalid.

G1 X-1 Y-3

; 1. Approach measuring point.

$AC_MEAS_LATCH[0]=1

; Pick up measuring point P1.

G1 X-4 Y4

; 3. Approach measuring point.

$AC_MEAS_LATCH[2]=1

; Pick up measuring point P3.

G1 X-4 Y1

; 4. Approach measuring point.

$AC_MEAS_LATCH[3]=1

; Pick up measuring point P4.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[X]=0

; Set set position of the corner to

(0,0,0).

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[Y]=0

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[Z]=0

$AC_MEAS_CORNER_SETANGLE=90

; Specify set angle of intersection ϕ.

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE=0

; Measuring plane is G17.

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT=0

; Select frame: SETFRAME

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER=1

; Select tool.

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Program code

Comment

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER=1

$AC_MEAS_TYPE=4

; Set measurement type on corner 1.

RETVAL=MEASURE()

; Start measuring process.

IF RETVAL <> 0

SETAL(61043, << RETVAL)

ENDIF

IF $AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE <> 90

; Query known set angle of intersection ϕ.

SETAL(61043, << $AC_MEAS_CORNER_ANGLE)

ENDIF

$P_SETFRAME=$AC_MEAS_FRAME

$P_SETFR=$P_SETFRAME

; Write system frames to the data manage-

ment.

G1 X0 Y0

; Approach the corner.

G1 X10

; Traverse the rectangle.

Y10

M30

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10.5.2.3

Measurement type 8: Measurement of a hole

Function

Three measuring points are needed to determine the center point and diameter. The three

points must all be different. When four points are specified, the circle is adjusted in accordance

with the least square method. The circle is determined so that the sum of the distance squares

of the resulting points to the circle is minimal. The quality of the adjustment can be read.

G17

G18

G19

Figure 10-5

Measurement of a hole

The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement type 8:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for the input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

Measuring point 2

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[<Axis>]

Measuring point 3

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>] *⁾

When specified, the center is determined from four points.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the hole center.

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 8

Measurement type 8: Measurement of a hole

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement type 8:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation

$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER

Diameter of hole

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Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Abscissa of the calculated center point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1]

Ordinate of the calculated center point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2]

Applicate of the calculated center point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3]

Quality of the circle adjustment: Sum of the distance squares

Example

Program code

Comment

DEF INT RETVAL

DEF FRAME TMP

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

;

Type

$TC_DP2[1,1]=20

;

$TC_DP3[1,1]=10

;

(Z) length compensation vector

$TC_DP4[1,1]=0

;

(Y)

$TC_DP5[1,1]=0

;

(X)

$TC_DP6[1,1]=2

;

Radius

T1 D1

G0 X0 Y0 Z0 F10000

G54

;

Measure hole

$AC_MEAS_VALID=0

;

Set all input values to invalid.

G1 X-3 Y0

;

1. Approach measuring point.

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[Y]=$AA_IW[Y]

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[Z]=$AA_IW[Z]

G1 X0 Y3

;

2. Approach measuring point.

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[X]=$AA_IW[X]

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[Y]=$AA_IW[Y]

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[Z]=$AA_IW[Z]

G1 X3 Y0

;

3. Approach measuring point.

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[X]=$AA_IW[X]

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[Y]=$AA_IW[Y]

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[Z]=$AA_IW[Z]

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[X]=0

;

Set set position of the center.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[Y]=0

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[Z]=0

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Program code

Comment

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE=0

; Measuring plane is G17.

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT=0

; Select frame - SETFRAME

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER=1

; Select tool.

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER=1

$AC_MEAS_TYPE=8

; Set measurement type on hole.

RETVAL=MEASURE()

; Start measuring process.

If RETVAL <> 0

SETAL(61043, << RETVAL)

ENDIF

IF $AC_MEAS_DIAMETER <> 10

; Query known diameter.

SETAL(61043, << $AC_MEAS_WP_ANGLE)

ENDIF

$P_SETFRAME=$AC_MEAS_FRAME

$P_SETFR=$P_SETFRAME

; Describe system frames in the data manage-

ment.

G1 X-3 Y0

; Approach P1.

G2 I=$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER/2

; Traverse hole with regard to circle center

point.

M30

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10.5 Workpiece and tool measurement

10.5.2.4

Measurement type 9: Measurement of a shaft

Function

Three measuring points are needed to determine the center point and diameter. The three

points must all be different. When four points are specified, the circle is adjusted in accordance

with the least square method. The circle is determined so that the sum of the distance squares

of the resulting points to the circle is minimal. The quality of the adjustment can be read.

G17

G18

G19

Figure 10-6

Measurement of a shaft

The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement type 9:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

Measuring point 2

$AA_MEAS_POINT3[<Axis>]

Measuring point 3

$AA_MEAS_POINT4[<Axis>] *⁾

When specified, the center is determined from four points.

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the shaft center point.

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 9

Measurement type 9: Measurement of a shaft

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement type 9:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation

$AC_MEAS_DIAMETER

Diameter of hole

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Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Abscissa of the calculated center point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1]

Ordinate of the calculated center point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[2]

Applicate of the calculated center point

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[3]

Quality of the circle adjustment: Sum of the distance squares

10.5.2.5

Measurement type 12: Measurement of a groove

Function

A groove is measured by approaching the two outside corners or inner edges. The groove center

can be set to a set position. The component of the approach direction determines the groove

position.

-x

-y

Figure 10-7

Measurement of a groove

The values of the following system variables are evaluated for measurement type 12:

Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_VALID

Validity bits for the input variables

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[<Axis>]

Measuring point 1

$AA_MEAS_POINT2[<Axis>]

Measuring point 2

$AA_MEAS_SETPOINT[<Axis>] *⁾

Set position of the groove center

$AC_MEAS_DIR_APPROACH

Direction of approach to the workpiece

= 0

+ X

= 1

- X

= 2

+ Y

= 3

- Y

= 4

+ Z

= 5

- Z

$AC_MEAS_ACT_PLANE *⁾

Calculation with active plane unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_FINE_TRANS *⁾

= 0

Coarse offset

= 1

Fine offset

$AC_MEAS_FRAME_SELECT *⁾

Calculated as additive frame unless otherwise specified.

$AC_MEAS_T_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active T unless otherwise specified (T0).

$AC_MEAS_D_NUMBER *⁾

Calculated with active D unless otherwise specified (D0).

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Input variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_INPUT[0] *⁾

Approach direction for 2nd measuring point for a recess meas-

urement. Must have the same coordinate as the approach

direction of the 1st measuring point.

$AC_MEAS_TYPE

= 12

Measurement type 12: Measurement of a groove

^*) Optional

The following output variables are written for measurement type 12:

Output variable

Meaning

$AC_MEAS_FRAME

Result frame with translation

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[0]

Position of the calculated groove center (X0, Y0 or Z0)

$AC_MEAS_RESULTS[1]

Groove width in approach direction

Example

Groove measurement with approach direction in X.

Program code

Comment

DEF INT RETVAL

DEF FRAME TMP

$TC_DP1[1,1]=120

; Type

$TC_DP2[1,1]=20

; 0

$TC_DP3[1,1]=10

; (Z) length compensation vector

$TC_DP4[1,1]=0

; (Y)

$TC_DP5[1,1]=0

; (X)

$TC_DP6[1,1]=2

; Radius

T1 D1

G0 X0 Y0 Z0 F10000

G54

$P_CHBFRAME[0]= CROT(Z,45)

$P_IFRAME[X,TR]= -sin(45)

$P_IFRAME[Y,TR]= -sin(45)

$P_PFRAME[Z,RT]= -45

; Measure groove.

$AC_MEAS_VALID=0

; Set all input values to invalid.

G1 X-2

; 1. Approach measuring point.

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[X]=$AA_IW[X]

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[Y]=$AA_IW[Y]

$AA_MEAS_POINT1[Z]=$AA_IW[Z]

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SINUMERIK 840D sl. Service - Functions. Manual (2018-2020) - page 26