Volvo V40 Cross Country (2018 year). Instruction - part 17

STARTING AND DRIVING

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293

Foot brake - emergency brake

assistance

Emergency brake assistance EBA (Emergency
Brake Assist) helps to increase the braking force
and so reduce the braking distance.

EBA detects the driver's braking style and increa-
ses the braking force when necessary. The brake
force can be reinforced up to the level when the
ABS system is engaged. The EBA function is
interrupted when the pressure on the brake pedal
is reduced.

NOTE

When EBA is activated the brake pedal low-
ers slightly more than usual, depress (hold)
the brake pedal as long as necessary. If the
brake pedal is released then all braking
ceases.

Related information

•

Foot brake (p. 291)

•

Parking brake (p. 293)

•

Foot brake - emergency brake lights and
automatic hazard warning flashers (p. 292)

•

Foot brake - anti-lock braking system
(p. 292)

Parking brake

The parking brake prevents the car from rolling
away from stationary by means of mechanically
locking/blocking two wheels.

WARNING

Always apply the parking brake when parking

on a slope - leaving the car in gear, or in P if it

has automatic transmission, is not sufficient

to hold the car in all situations.

Combined instrument panel warning symbol.

Applying the parking brake

1. Press the foot brake pedal down firmly.

2. Pull the lever firmly.

The combined instrument panel

warning symbol comes on. The warning
symbol illuminates regardless of whether
the parking brake is applied gently or
firmly.

3. Release the foot brake pedal and make sure

that the car is at a standstill position.

4. If the vehicle moves then the parking brake

lever must be applied at least a little more
firmly.

When parking the vehicle, always engage 1st
gear (for manual gearbox) or put the gear selec-
tor in position P (for automatic gearbox).

Parking on a hill

If the car is parked facing uphill:

•

Turn the wheels away from the kerb.

If the car is parked facing downhill:

•

Turn the wheels towards the kerb.

Disengaging the parking brake

1. Press the foot brake pedal down firmly.

2. Pull the lever up slightly, press the button,

release the lever and release the button.
> The combined instrument panel warning

symbol goes off.

If the driver forgets to release the parking brake –
in addition to the illuminated warning lamp – a
pinging sound combined with a message in the

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294

combined instrument panel alerts the driver of
this when the car's speed exceeds 10 km/h
(6 mph).

Related information

•

Foot brake (p. 291)

Driving in water

Driving in water means that the car is driven
through deep water on a water-covered road-
way. Fording must be carried out with great cau-
tion.

The car can be driven through water at a maxi-
mum depth of 30 cm at a maximum speed of
walking pace. Extra caution must be exercised
when passing through flowing water.

During driving in water, maintain a low speed and
do not stop the car. When the water has been
passed, depress the brake pedal lightly and
check that full brake function is achieved. Water
and mud for example can make the brake linings
wet resulting in delayed brake function.

•

If necessary, clean the contacts for the elec-
tric heater and trailer coupling after driving in
water and mud.

•

Do not let the car stand with water over the
sills for any long period of time - this could
cause electrical malfunctions.

IMPORTANT

Engine damage can occur if water enters the
air filter.

In depths greater than 30 cm, water could
enter the transmission. This reduces the lubri-
cating ability of the oils and shortens the
service life of these systems.

Damage to any component, engine, transmis-
sion, turbocharger, differential or its internal
components caused by flooding, hydrostatic
locking or oil shortage, is not covered by the
warranty.

In the event of the engine stalling in water, do
not try restart - tow the car from the water to
a workshop - an authorised Volvo workshop is
recommended. Risk of engine breakdown.

Related information

•

Recovery (p. 313)

•

Towing (p. 311)

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295

Overheating

Under special conditions, for example hard driv-
ing in hilly terrain and hot climate, there is a risk
that the engine and drive system may overheat -
in particular with a heavy load.

For information about overheating when driving
with a trailer, see Driving with a trailer (p. 303).

•

Remove any auxiliary lamps from in front of
the grille when driving in hot climates.

•

If the temperature in the engine's cooling
system is too high then a warning symbol is
illuminated and a text message

High engine

temperature Stop safely

is shown in the

combined instrument panel's information dis-
play - stop the car in a safe way and allow
the engine to run at idling speed for several
minutes in order to cool down.

•

If the text message

High engine

temperature Turn off engine

Engine

coolant level low Stop safely

is shown

then the engine must be switched off after
stopping the car.

•

In the event of overheating in the gearbox a
built-in protection function is activated, which
is indicated in the combined instrument
panel with a warning symbol and the text
message

Transmission hot Reduce

speed

Transmission hot Stop safely

Wait for cooling

- follow the recommenda-

tion given and lower the speed and stop the
car in a safe way and allow the engine to run

at idling speed for a few minutes in order to
allow the gearbox to cool down.

•

If the car overheats, the air conditioning may
be switched off temporarily.

•

Do not turn the engine off immediately you
stop after a hard drive.

NOTE

It is normal for the engine's cooling fan to
operate for a time after the engine has been
switched off.

Related information

•

Driving with a trailer - manual gearbox
(p. 305)

•

Driving with a trailer - automatic gearbox
(p. 305)

Driving with open tailgate

When driving with the tailgate open, toxic
exhaust fumes can be sucked into the car
through the cargo area.

WARNING

Do not drive with an open tailgate! Toxic

exhaust fumes could be drawn into the car

through the cargo area.

Related information

•

Loading (p. 152)

STARTING AND DRIVING

* Option/accessory.

296

Overload - starter battery

The electrical functions in the car load the starter
battery to varying degrees. Avoid using the key
position

II when the engine is switched off.

Instead use the

I mode - which uses less power,

see Key positions - functions at different levels
(p. 81).

Also, be aware of different accessories that load
the electrical system. Do not use functions which
use a lot of power when the engine is switched
off. Examples of such functions are:

•

ventilation fan

•

headlamps

•

windscreen wiper

•

audio system (high volume).

If the battery voltage is low the information dis-
play shows the text

Low battery charge Power

save mode

. The energy-saving function then

shuts down certain functions or reduces certain
functions such as the ventilation fan and/or
audio system.

–

In which case, charge the starter battery by
starting the engine and then running it for at
least 15 minutes - battery charging is more
effective during driving than running the
engine at idling speed while stationary.

Related information

•

Starter battery - general (p. 360)

Before a long journey

Before a long journey, it makes good sense to
go through the following points:

•

Check that the engine is working normally
and that fuel consumption (p. 398) is nor-
mal.

•

Make sure that there are no leaks (fuel, oil or
other fluid).

•

Check all bulbs and tyre tread depths.

•

Carrying a warning triangle (p. 327) is a
legal requirement in certain countries.

Related information

•

Engine oil - checking and filling (p. 345)

•

Spare wheel

* (p. 322)

•

Lamp replacement - general (p. 349)

Winter driving

For winter driving it is important to perform cer-
tain checks in order to ensure that the car can
be driven safely.

To bear in mind:

Check the following in particular before the cold
season:

•

The engine coolant (p. 393) must contain
50% glycol. This mixture protects the engine
against frost erosion down to
approximately –35 °C. To avoid health risks,
different types of glycol must not be mixed.

•

The fuel tank must be kept filled to prevent
condensation.

•

Engine oil viscosity is important. Oils with
lower viscosity (thinner oils) facilitate starting
in cold weather and also reduce fuel con-
sumption while the engine is cold. For more
information on suitable oils, see Engine oil -
adverse driving conditions (p. 390).

IMPORTANT

Low viscosity oil must not be used for hard
driving or in hot weather.

•

The condition of the battery and charge level
must be inspected. Cold weather places

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297

great demands on the battery and its
capacity is reduced by the cold.

•

Use washer fluid (p. 359) to avoid ice form-
ing in the washer fluid reservoir.

To achieve optimum roadholding Volvo recom-
mends using winter tyres on all wheels if there is
a risk of snow or ice.

NOTE

The use of winter tyres is a legal requirement
in certain countries. Studded tyres are not
permitted in all countries.

Slippery driving conditions

Practise driving on slippery surfaces under con-
trolled conditions to learn how the car reacts.

Fuel filler flap - Opening/closing

The fuel filler flap can be opened/closed as fol-
lows:

Opening/closing the fuel filler flap

Open the fuel filler flap by slightly pressing in
the rear part of the hatch.

Take out the flap.

Close the flap after fuelling.

For a description of locking and unlocking the
fuel filler flap, see Locking/unlocking - fuel filler
flap (p. 178). The fuel filler flap's lock logic also
follows the locking or unlocking of the keyless
system and the central locking system.

Related information

•

Filling up with fuel (p. 298)

Fuel filler flap - manual opening

The fuel filler flap can be opened manually when
it cannot be opened from outside.

Open/remove the side hatch in the cargo
area (same side as fuel filler flap).

Carefully pull the line back in a straight line.
The flap can now be opened from outside.

IMPORTANT

Pull the wire gently - minimal force is required
to disengage the hatch lock.

Related information

•

Locking/unlocking - fuel filler flap (p. 178)

•

Filling up with fuel (p. 298)

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298

Filling up with fuel

The fuel tank is fitted with a capless fuel filler
system. Filling is carried out as follows:

1. Open the fuel filler door.

2. Choose fuel that is approved for use in the

car.

See information on approved fuels in the
respective section on petrol (p. 299) and
diesel (p. 300).

3. Insert the pump nozzle in the fuel filler open-

ing. Take care to insert the nozzle properly
into the filler pipe. The filler pipe consists of
two opening caps. The nozzle must be
pushed past both caps before refuelling is
started.

4. Do not overfill the tank but stop refuelling

when the pump nozzle cuts out the first time.

NOTE

Overfilled fuel in the tank can overflow in hot
weather.

NOTE

Avoid spilling by waiting approximately
5-8 seconds before carefully removing the
nozzle once refuelling is complete.

Related information

•

Filling with fuel - with a fuel can (p. 301)

•

Fuel filler flap - Opening/closing (p. 297)

Fuel - handling

Fuel of a lower quality than that recommended
by Volvo must not be used as engine power and
fuel consumption is negatively affected.

WARNING

Always avoid inhaling fuel vapour and fuel

splashing in the eyes.
In the event of fuel in the eyes, remove any

contact lenses and rinse the eyes in plenty of

water for at least 15 minutes and seek medi-

cal attention.
Never swallow fuel. Fuels such as petrol and

diesel are highly toxic and could cause per-

manent injury or be fatal if swallowed. Seek

medical attention immediately if fuel has been

swallowed.

WARNING

Fuel which spills onto the ground can be igni-

ted.
Switch off the fuel-driven heater before star-

ting to refuel.
Never carry an activated mobile phone when

refuelling. The ring signal could cause spark

build-up and ignite petrol fumes, leading to

fire and injury.

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299

IMPORTANT

Mixtures of various fuel types or use of fuels
which are not recommended will invalidate
Volvo's guarantees and any supplementary
service agreements; this is applicable to all
engines.

NOTE

Extreme weather conditions, driving with a
trailer or driving at high altitudes in combina-
tion with fuel grade are factors that could
affect the car's performance.

Related information

•

Economical driving (p. 302)

Fuel - petrol

Petrol is a type of engine fuel that is intended for
cars with a petrol engine.

Only use petrol from well-known producers.
Never use fuel of dubious quality. The petrol must
fulfil the EN 228 standard.

IMPORTANT

•

Fuel that contains up to 10 percent by
volume ethanol is permitted.

•

EN 228 E10 petrol (max
10 percent by volume ethanol) is
approved for use.

•

Ethanol higher than E10 (max.
10 percent by volume ethanol) is not per-
mitted, e.g. E85 is not permitted.

Octane rating

•

95 RON can be used for normal driving.

•

98 RON is recommended for optimum per-
formance and minimum fuel consumption.

When driving in temperatures above +38 °C, fuel
with the highest possible octane rating is recom-
mended for optimum performance and fuel econ-
omy.

IMPORTANT

•

Use only unleaded petrol to avoid damag-
ing the catalytic converter.

•

Fuel containing metallic additives must
not be used.

•

Do not use any additives which have not
been recommended by Volvo.

Related information

•

Economical driving (p. 302)

•

Fuel - handling (p. 298)

•

Filling up with fuel (p. 298)

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300

Fuel - diesel

Diesel is a type of engine fuel that is intended for
cars with a diesel engine.

Only use diesel fuel from well-known producers.
Never use fuel of dubious quality. Diesel fuel
must fulfil the EN 590 or SS 155435 standard.
Diesel engines are sensitive to contaminants in
the fuel, such as excessively high volumes of sul-
phur and metals.

At low temperatures (lower than 0 °C) a paraffin
precipitate may form in the diesel fuel, which may
lead to ignition problems. The fuel qualities that
are sold must be adapted for season and climate
zone, but in the event of extreme weather condi-
tions, old fuel or moving between climate zones,
paraffin precipitate may occur.

The risk of condensation in the fuel tank is
reduced if the tank is kept well filled. When refu-
elling, check that the area around the fuel filler
pipe is clean. Avoid spilling fuel onto the paint-
work. Wash off any spillage with detergent and
water.

IMPORTANT

Diesel fuel must:

•

fulfil the EN 590 and/or SS 155435
standards

•

have a sulphur content not exceeding
10 mg/kg

•

have a maximum of 7 vol % FAME

(B7).

IMPORTANT

Diesel type fuels that must not be used:

•

Special additives

•

Marine diesel fuel

•

Heating oil

•

FAME

and vegetable oil.

These fuels do not fulfil the requirements in
accordance with Volvo recommendations and
generate increased wear and engine damage
that is not covered by the Volvo warranty.

Empty tank

Once the engine has stopped due to fuel starva-
tion, the fuel system needs a few moments to
carry out a check. Before starting the engine
after the fuel tank has been filled with diesel -
proceed as follows:

1. Insert the remote control key in the ignition

switch and push it in to the end position, see
Key positions (p. 80).

2. Press the START button without depressing

the brake and/or clutch pedal.

3. Wait approx. one minute.
4. To start the engine: Depress the brake

and/or clutch pedal and then press the
START button again.

NOTE

Before filling with fuel in the event of fuel
shortage:

•

Stop the car on as flat/level ground as
possible - if the car is tilting there is a risk
of air pockets in the fuel supply.

Service intervals for fuel filter

For optimum performance, it is important to fol-
low the service intervals for fuel filter change as
well as to use genuine parts developed specifi-
cally for this purpose.

Related information

•

Diesel particle filter (DPF) (p. 302)

•

Fuel - handling (p. 298)

•

Economical driving (p. 302)

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester

Diesel fuel with maximum 7 vol % FAME (B7) is permitted.

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301

Catalytic converters

The purpose of the catalytic converters is to
purify exhaust gases. They are located close to
the engine so that operating temperature is
reached quickly.

The catalytic converters consist of a monolith
(ceramic or metal) with channels. The channel
walls are lined with a thin layer of platinum/
rhodium/palladium. These metals act as cata-
lysts, i.e. they participate in and accelerate a
chemical reaction without being used up them-
selves.

Lambda-sond

oxygen sensor

The Lambda-sond is part of a control system
intended to reduce emissions and improve fuel
economy. For more information, see Fuel con-
sumption and CO2 emissions (p. 398).

An oxygen sensor monitors the oxygen content
of the exhaust gases leaving the engine. This
value is fed into an electronic system that contin-
uously controls the injectors. The ratio of fuel to
air directed to the engine is continuously
adjusted. These adjustments create optimal con-
ditions for efficient combustion, and together with
the three-way catalytic converter reduce harmful
emissions (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and
nitrous oxides).

Related information

•

Economical driving (p. 302)

•

Fuel - petrol (p. 299)

•

Fuel - diesel (p. 300)

Filling with fuel - with a fuel can

When filling with fuel (p. 298) from a fuel can,
use the funnel located under the floor hatch in
the cargo area.

IMPORTANT

Statutory provisions relating to storage of
reserve fuel cans in cars vary from country to
country. Check what does apply.

Take care to insert the funnel properly into the
filler pipe. The filler pipe consists of two opening
flaps. The funnel must be pushed past both flaps
before filling is started.

Related information

•

Locking/unlocking - fuel filler flap (p. 178)

•

Fuel filler flap - manual opening (p. 297)

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302

Diesel particle filter (DPF)

Diesel cars are equipped with a particle filter,
which results in more efficient emission control.

The particles in the exhaust gases are collected
in the filter during normal driving. So-called
"regeneration" is started in order to burn away
the particles and empty the filter. This requires
the engine to have reached normal operating
temperature.

Filter regeneration takes place automatically and
normally takes 10-20 minutes. It may take a little
longer at a low average speed. Fuel consumption
may increase slightly during regeneration.

Regeneration in cold weather

If the car is frequently driven short distances in
cold weather then the engine does not reach
normal operating temperature. This means that
regeneration of the diesel particle filter does not
take place and the filter is not emptied.

When the filter has become approximately 80%
full of particles, a yellow warning triangle is
shown in the combined instrument panel, and the
message

Soot filter full See manual

is shown

in the information display.

Start regeneration of the filter by driving the car
until the engine reaches normal operating tem-
perature, preferably on a main road or motorway.
The car should then be driven for approximately
20 minutes more.

NOTE

The following may arise during regeneration:

•

a smaller reduction of engine power may
be noticed temporarily

•

fuel consumption may increase temporar-
ily

•

a smell of burning may arise.

When regeneration is complete the warning text
is cleared automatically.

Use the parking heater

* in cold weather so that

the engine reaches normal operating tempera-
ture more quickly.

IMPORTANT

If the filter is completely filled with particles, it
may be difficult to start the engine and the fil-
ter is non-functional. Then there is a risk that
the filter will need to be replaced.

Related information

•

Fuel - diesel (p. 300)

•

Economical driving (p. 302)

Economical driving

Drive economically and eco-consciously by driv-
ing smoothly, thinking ahead, and adjusting your
driving style and speed to the prevailing condi-
tions.

STARTING AND DRIVING

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* Option/accessory.

303

•

Use the ECO Guide

* (p. 70) which indicates

how fuel-efficiently the car is being driven.

•

For lower fuel consumption, activate Drive
mode ECO

which can further reduce fuel

consumption.

•

Use the Eco Coast

freewheel function -

engine braking will cease and the car's
kinetic energy can be used to freewheel for
longer distances.

•

Drive in the highest gear possible, adapted to
the current traffic situation and road - lower
engine speeds result in lower fuel consump-
tion. Use the gear shift indicator (p. 274)

•

Drive at a steady speed and keep a good dis-
tance to other vehicles and objects to mini-
mise braking.

•

High speed results in increased fuel con-
sumption - the wind resistance increases
with speed.

•

Do not run the engine to operating tempera-
ture at idling speed, but rather drive with a
normal load right after starting - a cold
engine consumes more fuel than a warm
one.

•

Drive with the correct air pressure in the
tyres and check this regularly - select ECO

tyre pressure for best results, see Tyres -
approved tyre pressures (p. 400).

•

Choice of tyres can affect fuel consumption -
seek advice on suitable tyres from a dealer.

•

Remove unnecessary items from the car -
the greater the load the higher the fuel con-
sumption.

•

Use engine braking to slow down, when it
can take place without risk to other road
users.

•

A roof load and space box increase air resis-
tance, leading to higher fuel consumption -
remove the load carriers when not in use.

•

Avoid driving with open windows.

For more information, see Environmental philoso-
phy (p. 22) and Fuel consumption and CO2 emis-
sions (p. 398).

WARNING

Never switch off the engine while moving,

such as downhill, this deactivates important

systems such as the power steering and

brake servo.

Driving with a trailer

When driving with a trailer there are a number of
important points to think about regarding e.g. the
towing bracket, the trailer and how the load is
positioned in the trailer.

Payload depends on the car's kerb weight. The
total of the weight of the passengers and all
accessories, e.g. towbar, reduces the car's pay-
load by a corresponding weight. For more
detailed information, see Weights (p. 386).

If the towing bracket is mounted by Volvo, then
the car is delivered with the necessary equipment
for driving with a trailer.

•

The car's towing bracket must be of an
approved type.

•

If the towbar is retrofitted, check with your
Volvo dealer that the car is fully equipped for
driving with a trailer.

•

Distribute the load on the trailer so that the
weight on the towing bracket complies with
the specified maximum towball load.

•

Increase the tyre pressure to the recom-
mended pressure for a full load. For informa-
tion on the tyre pressure, see Tyres -
approved tyre pressures (p. 400).

•

The engine is loaded more heavily than usual
when driving with a trailer.

Applies to automatic gearbox.

See "Drive mode ECO".

Applies to manual gearbox.

STARTING AND DRIVING

* Option/accessory.

304

•

Do not tow a heavy trailer when the car is
brand new. Wait until it has been driven at
least 1000 km.

•

The brakes are loaded much more than usual
on long and steep downhill slopes. Downshift
to a lower gear and adjust your speed.

•

For safety reasons, the maximum permitted
speed for the car when coupled with a trailer
should not be exceeded. Follow the regula-
tions in force for the permitted speeds and
weights.

•

Maintain a low speed when driving with a
trailer up long, steep ascents.

•

Avoid driving with a trailer on inclines of more
than 12%.

Trailer cable

An adapter is required if the car's towing bracket
has a 13 pin connector and the trailer has a 7 pin
connector. Use an adapter cable approved by
Volvo. Make sure the cable does not drag on the
ground.

Direction indicators and brake lights on
the trailer

If any of the trailer's lamps for direction indicators
are broken, the symbol for direction indicators in
the combined instrument panel flashes faster
than normal and the information display shows
the text

Trailer indicator malfunction

If any of the trailer's lamps for the brake light are
broken then the

Trailer brake light

malfunction

text is shown.

Level control

The rear shock absorbers maintain a constant
height irrespective of the car's load (up to the
maximum permissible weight). When the car is
stationary the rear of the car lowers slightly,
which is normal.

Trailer weights

For information on Volvo's permitted trailer
weights, see Towing capacity and towball load
(p. 387).

NOTE

The stated maximum permitted trailer weights
are those permitted by Volvo. National vehicle
regulations can further limit trailer weights
and speeds. Towbars can be certified for
higher towing weights than the car can
actually tow.

WARNING

Follow the stated recommendations for trailer

weights. Otherwise, the car and trailer may be

difficult to control in the event of sudden

movement and braking.

Related information

•

Towing bracket (p. 306)

•

Lamp replacement - general (p. 349)

STARTING AND DRIVING

* Option/accessory.

305

Driving with a trailer - manual

gearbox

When driving with a trailer (p. 303) in hilly terrain
in a hot climate there may be a risk of overheat-
ing.

•

Do not run the engine at higher revolutions
than 4500 rpm (diesel engines: 3500 rpm) -
otherwise the oil temperature may become
too high.

Related information

•

Manual gearbox (p. 273)

Driving with a trailer - automatic

gearbox

When driving with a trailer in hilly terrain in a hot
climate there may be a risk of overheating.

•

An automatic gearbox selects the optimum
gear related to load and engine speed.

•

In the event of overheating, a warning symbol
is illuminated in the combined instrument
panel and a text message is shown in the
information display - follow the recommenda-
tion given.

Steep inclines

•

Do not lock the automatic transmission in a
higher gear than the engine "can cope with"
- it is not always a good idea to drive at a
high gear with low engine revolutions.

Parking on a hill

1. Depress the foot brake.

2. Activate the parking brake.

3. Move the gear selector to position P.

4. Release the foot brake.

•

Move the gear selector to park position P
when parking an automatic car with a hitched
trailer. Always use the parking brake.

•

Block the wheels with chocks when parking
a car with hitched trailer on a hill.

Starting on a hill

1. Depress the foot brake.

2. Move the gear selector to driving position D.

3. Release the parking brake.

4. Release the foot brake and start driving off.

Related information

•

Automatic gearbox - Geartronic

* (p. 274)

STARTING AND DRIVING

* Option/accessory.

306

Towing bracket

A towing bracket means that it is possible to e.g.
tow a trailer behind the car.

If the car is equipped with a removable towbar,
the installation instructions for the loose section
must be followed carefully, see Detachable tow-
bar

* - attachment/removal (p. 308).

WARNING

If the car is fitted with a Volvo detachable

towbar:

•

Follow the installation instructions care-
fully.

•

The detachable section must be locked
with the key before setting off.

•

Check that the indicator window shows
green.

Important checks

•