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содержание .. 28 29 30 31 ..
101
Ɉɬɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ,
ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢ-
ɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚ-
ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ
ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɚ
ɪɭɥɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤ-
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɭɩɚɫɬɶ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɪɭ-
ɢɡ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ-
ɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɝɭɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɤɪɭɢɡ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɧɟ
ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɬɵɯ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɯ : ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɟɟ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɛ ɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɞɢ-
ɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢ-
ɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ
ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɢɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɥɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ :
- ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟ ɤɨɜɪɢɤ
ɧɚ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɯ,
- ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɤɥɚɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɝɢ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɞɢɧ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɜɪɢɤɢ.
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚ-
ɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ
4
. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ.
Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸ-
ɳɭɸ ɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɚɦɹ-
ɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ :
ɇɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ :
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
3
.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚ 1 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɧɚ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚ-
ɦɟɬɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɇɚɠɢɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ :
ɪɚɡɝɨɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɞɨ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟ-
ɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ,
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
ɢɥɢ
3
.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
0
.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ
ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɬɢɪɟ :
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɬɨɣ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢ-
ɫɬɟɦɵ :
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ
1 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɧɚ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɉȿɀɈ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
102
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɚɪɚ-
ɦɟɬɪ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 40 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɯɚ-
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ
ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ.
ɇɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɯ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛ-
ɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɪɟɠɢɦ
D
, ɚ ɜ
ɫɟɤɜɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ - ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧ,
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɚ.
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ-
ɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɧɞɢ-
ɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ/ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟ-
ɦɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
ɢɥɢ
3
. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨɥɨ-
ɠɟɧɢɟ
ON
. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ,
ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ :
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ :
ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɩɭ-
ɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚ-
ɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɟɯɚɬɶ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚ-
ɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ȼɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ :
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ
4
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
* ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ.
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɊȿȽɍɅəɌɈɊ ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɂ*
103
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨ-
ɫɬɢ
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ
4
. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜɧɟ-
ɫɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ. Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
(ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
Ɉɬɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɣ
ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚ-
ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢ-
ɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚ-
ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸ-
ɳɭɸ ɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɚɦɹ-
ɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ :
ɇɟ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ :
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
3
.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚ 1 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨ-
ɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚ-
ɦɟɬɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɇɚɠɢɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ :
ɪɚɡɝɨɧɢɬɟɫɶ ɞɨ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟ-
ɜɵɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ,
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
ɢɥɢ
3
.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
OFF
.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢɡ
ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɬɢɪɟ :
ɋɨɯɪɚɧɹɣɬɟ
ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɚ
ɪɭɥɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤ-
ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ
ɭɩɚɫɬɶ.
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɤɪɭ-
ɢɡ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɨɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ-
ɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɝɭɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɤɪɭɢɡ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
ɧɟ
ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɪɭɬɵɯ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɯ : ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɟɟ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɞɢ-
ɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢ-
ɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ
ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɢɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɥɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ :
- ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟ ɤɨɜɪɢɤ
ɧɚ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɯ,
- ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɤɥɚɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɝɢ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɞɢɧ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɜɪɢɤɢ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ ɬɨɣ, ɤɨ-
ɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ :
ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
2
.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ
1 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ
5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɉȿɀɈ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
104
ȼɂɁɍȺɅɖɇɈ-ɁȼɍɄɈȼȺə ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ
ɉɈɆɈɓɂ ɉɊɂ ɉȺɊɄɈȼɄȿ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ
ɡɚɞɧɢɣ ɛɚɦɩɟɪ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɞɚɬ-
ɱɢɤɨɜ.
Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ
(ɧɚɩɪ., ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɚ, ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɢɫɬɚ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨ-
ɛɢɥɶ, ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɢɡɝɨɪɨɞɶ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ-
ɧɨɟ ɩɨɡɚɞɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. ɇɚ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞ ɛɚɦɩɟɪɨɦ, ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɧɟ
ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɬ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɟɯɢ
ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɨɛ-
ɧɨɟ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɞɧɢɦ ɯɨɞɨɦ, ɧɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ "ɩɨɥɹ ɡɪɟ-
ɧɢɹ" ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ :
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɡɚɞɢ ɩɪɢɰɟɩ
ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɨɜ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ
(ɨɛɚ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ - ɢ ɛɭɤɫɢɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɜɨɡɤɢ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞɨɜ - ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧ-
ɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɉȿɀɈ).
ȼ ɩɚɫɦɭɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɤɪɵ-
ɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɨɟɦ ɝɪɹɡɢ, ɢɧɟɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɧɟɝɨɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ,
ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟ ɡɭɦɦɟɪɚ (ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝ-
ɧɚɥ) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɵ.
Ɉ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶ-
ɫɬɜɭɸɬ :
- ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨɡ-
ɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɤ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɸ,
- ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ
ɧɚ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟ-
ɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɸ.
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ-
ɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ-
ɫɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɧɢɦɢ
ɝɪɨɦɤɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɜɭɱɚɬɶ :
- ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ
ɫɩɪɚɜɚ,
- ɫɥɟɜɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɨ
ɫɥɟɜɚ,
- ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɥɟɜɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɫ-
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɞɨ ɩɪɟ-
ɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ 30 ɫɦ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɡɜɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɢ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ-
ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ,
ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ "Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ".
ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚ-
ɱɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢ-
ɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ, ɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝ-
ɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɤɨ-
ɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɝɭɞɤɢ), ɚ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ.
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɉȿɀɈ.
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ/Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ.
ȿɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟɦ
ɡɭɦɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ.
ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨ-
ɳɢ ɦɟɧɸ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ-
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ.
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ-
ɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
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