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содержание .. 27 28 29 30 ..
97
Ɋɭɱɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ (ɢɥɢ ɲɟɫɬɢ) ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ :
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
Ɇ
,
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
"+"
ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɲɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ,
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɪɵɱɚɝ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
"-"
ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɲɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ.
ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɫ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
D
(ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦ
Ɇ
(ɪɭɱɧɨɣ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜ
ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɜ
ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝ-
ɞɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-
ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɞɚɱ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
Ʉɚɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯ,
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɚɹ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨ-
ɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟ-
ɠɢɦ
M1
.
ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸ-
ɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
S
("ɫɩɨɪɬ") ɢ
("ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɧɟɝɭ") ɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ
Ʌɸɛɵɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɛ-
ɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ-
ɝɨɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ,
ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɭɦɦɟɪɚ, ɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɜ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ 3-ɣ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɞɚɱɟ). ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɬ-
ɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɱɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɟ-
ɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɋ
ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
R
ɢɥɢ
ɢɡ
N
ɜ
R
(ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɝɪɨɡɢɬ ɩɨɥɨɦɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ).
Ⱦɜɢɝɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ 100 ɤɦ/ɱɚɫ
(ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɉɪɚɜɢɥ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ).
ɋɪɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫ-
ɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɉȿɀɈ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɚɤɤɭ-
ɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɋ
ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ.
ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɦɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚ-
ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɤ ɪɵɱɚɝɭ ɫɟ-
ɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ
ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɱɟɬɤɨ (ɪɵɱɚɝ ɫɟ-
ɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ).
98
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɧ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨ-
ɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɨ-
ɧɟ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɪɟ-
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɧɵɦ.
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 30 ɤɦ/ɱ ; ɨɧ ɪɚɛɨ-
ɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɢ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɢ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ :
- ɧɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ
ɫ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ,
ɥɢɛɨ
- ɧɚ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɟɦɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧ,
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɚ.
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨ-
ɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɢɧɞɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
Ɂɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ, ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ
2
ɢɥɢ
3
ɫɧɢ-
ɠɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 1 ɤɦ/ɱ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢ-
ɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɤɨ-
ɪɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ 5 ɤɦ/ɱ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
LIMIT
. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɟɳɟ
ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ :
Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ/ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ
ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ
4
ɨɝɪɚ-
ɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ -
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɋ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
*
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ.
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
ɈȽɊȺɇɂɑɂɌȿɅɖ ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɂ
*
99
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ :
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɢ-
ɝɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɸ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɤɪɭɬɵɯ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ
ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚɯ).
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟ-
ɥɹ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨɥɨ-
ɠɟɧɢɟ
0
ɢɥɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ȼ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ-
ɧɟɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡ ɫɬɪɨɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɬɢɪɟ :
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɉȿɀɈ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɭɢɡ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ-
ɞɟɥɟɧɚ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɵɞɟɪ-
ɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ
ɤɪɭɬɵɯ ɫɩɭɫɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɡɤɢɯ
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹɯ : ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵ-
ɫɢɬɶ ɟɟ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɢɡɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɞɢɬɟ-
ɥɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɛɞɢɬɟɥɶ-
ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɢɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɥɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɟ-
ɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɥɟɣ :
- ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟ ɤɨɜɪɢɤ
ɧɚ ɮɢɤɫɚɬɨɪɚɯ,
- ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɤɥɚɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɝɢ ɭɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ
ɨɞɢɧ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɨɜɪɢɤɢ.
ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ȼ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟ-
ɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ
ɷɬɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ.
ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɜɟɪɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-
ɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬɶ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɪɟ-
ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɜɵ
ɪɟɡɤɨ ɧɚɠɦɟɬɟ
ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ, ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜ
ɬɨɱɤɭ ɭɩɨɪɚ
.
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟ-
ɤɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ, ɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɦɢɝɚɬɶ ɡɚ-
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
100
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ-
ɜɦɟɳɟɧ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ.
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ-
ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ
ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 40 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɫ ɦɟɯɚ-
ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ ɞɜɢɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ
ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ.
ɇɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹɯ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɨɛ-
ɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɪɟɠɢɦ
D
, ɚ ɜ
ɫɟɤɜɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ - ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ
ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧ,
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɟɝɚ.
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ-
ɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ, ɫɧɨɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɧɞɢ-
ɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ/ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟ-
ɦɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ
2
ɢɥɢ
3
. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
1
ɜ ɩɨ-
ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
CRUISE
. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ, ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ :
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ :
ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɩɭ-
ɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚ-
ɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɟɯɚɬɶ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɝɚɟɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚ-
ɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ,
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ȼɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ :
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ
4
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɥɶ
ɬɨɪɦɨɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɰɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ 110 ɤɦ/ɱ) :
* ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɚɜ-
ɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ.
ɊȿȽɍɅəɌɈɊ ɋɄɈɊɈɋɌɂ*
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ
содержание .. 27 28 29 30 ..
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