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SYSTEM EC-53 < SYSTEM DESCRIPTION > [MR FOR NISMO RS MODELS] C D E F G H I J K L M A EC N P O FUEL INJECTION CONTROL Stratified-charge Combustion Stratified-charge combustion is a combustion method which enables extremely lean combustion by injecting fuel in the latter half of a compression process, collecting combustible air-fuel around the spark plug, and form- ing fuel-free airspace around the mixture. Right after a start with the engine cold, the catalyst warm-up is accelerated by stratified-charge combustion. Homogeneous Combustion Homogeneous combustion is a combustion method that fuel is injected during intake process so that combus- tion occurs in the entire combustion chamber, as is common with conventional methods. As for a start except for starts with the engine cold, homogeneous combustion occurs. MIXTURE RATIO FEEDBACK CONTROL (CLOSED LOOP CONTROL) The mixture ratio feedback system provides the best air-fuel mixture ratio for driveability and emission control. The three way catalyst (manifold) can better reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions. This system uses A/F sen- sor 1 in the exhaust manifold to monitor whether the engine operation is rich or lean. The ECM adjusts the injection pulse width according to the sensor voltage signal. For more information about A/F sensor 1, refer to EC-41, "Air Fuel Ratio (A/F) Sensor 1" . This maintains the mixture ratio within the range of stoichiometric (ideal air-fuel mixture). This stage is referred to as the closed loop control condition. Heated oxygen sensor 2 is located downstream of the three way catalyst (manifold). Even if the switching characteristics of A/F sensor 1 shift, the air-fuel ratio is controlled to stoichiometric by the signal from heated oxygen sensor 2. • Open Loop Control The open loop system condition refers to when the ECM detects any of the following conditions. Feedback control stops in order to maintain stabilized fuel combustion. - Deceleration and acceleration - High-load, high-speed operation - Malfunction of A/F sensor 1 or its circuit - Insufficient activation of A/F sensor 1 at low engine coolant temperature - High engine coolant temperature - During warm-up - After shifting from N to D (CVT models) - When starting the engine MIXTURE RATIO SELF-LEARNING CONTROL The mixture ratio feedback control system monitors the mixture ratio signal transmitted from A/F sensor 1. This feedback signal is then sent to the ECM. The ECM controls the basic mixture ratio as close to the theoret- ical mixture ratio as possible. However, the basic mixture ratio is not necessarily controlled as originally designed. Both manufacturing differences (i.e., mass air flow sensor hot wire) and characteristic changes dur- ing operation (i.e., fuel injector clogging) directly affect mixture ratio. Accordingly, the difference between the basic and theoretical mixture ratios is monitored in this system. This is then computed in terms of “injection pulse duration” to automatically compensate for the difference between the two ratios. “Fuel trim” refers to the feedback compensation value compared against the basic injection duration. Fuel trim includes “short-term fuel trim” and “long-term fuel trim”. “Short term fuel trim” is the short-term fuel compensation used to maintain the mixture ratio at its theoretical value. The signal from A/F sensor 1 indicates whether the mixture ratio is RICH or LEAN compared to the the- oretical value. The signal then triggers a reduction in fuel volume if the mixture ratio is rich, and an increase in fuel volume if it is lean. PBIB2793E |