DAF CF65, CF75, CF85 Series . Manual - part 978

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1.5 DESCRIPTION OF WHEEL SETTINGS

Caster
The caster (Z) is the angle of the axle housing to 

the road surface. The caster is important for the 

directional stability of the vehicle. Too little caster 

will lead to "searching" behaviour by the vehicle, 

while too much caster will result in "heavy" 

steering.

A deviating caster will not result in tyre wear.

The caster is determined by the relation between 

the road surface and the chassis, assuming that 

the chassis is parallel with the road surface.

The caster can be very easily inspected and 

adjusted and requires no complicated equipment.

If a vehicle has two steerable axles, this 

inspection should be carried out on both axles.

Z

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Camber angle and king pin inclination
The camber angle (X) and the king pin 

inclination (Y) are determined by the construction 

of the swivel axle and the axle housing. In DAF 

vehicles, neither setting can be adjusted.

Wheel alignment deviations can only be caused 

by collisions and/or a bent front axle due to 

overloading.

If a vehicle has a deviation in one of these wheel 

alignments, the load of the tyre will be unevenly 

distributed across the road surface. This will 

result in irregular tyre wear.

Inspections of vehicles with one steerable axle 

and vehicles with two steerable axles do not 

differ. The inspection should be carried out on 

each individual wheel.

Toe
Toe is the difference between distances A and B.

If distance A is smaller than B, this is called toe-

in. If, however, distance A exceeds distance B, 

this is called toe-out.

Whether a vehicle should have toe-in or toe-out is 

determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle.

Toe-in or toe-out is required to ensure that the 

wheels have perfect rolling characteristics while 

the vehicle is driving straight ahead.

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R

X Y

A

B

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Toe-in or toe-out deviations will cause "chafing" 

of the tyres on the road surface. This will result in 

irregular tyre wear.

The same irregular tyre wear is found in vehicles 

with multiple steerable axles if the wheels are 

"misaligned" while the vehicle is driving straight 

ahead.

Toe-out when turning
Toe-out when turning is the difference in the 

wheel alignment angle between the individual 

wheels when the vehicle is making a turn.

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In order to achieve proper rolling of the wheels in 

the turn, it is necessary that the direction of wheel 

rotation is at right angles to the turning radius 

ending in the point the vehicle is turning around.

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