SINUMERIK 840D sl. Service - Functions. Manual (2018-2020)

Appendix

A.1 List of abbreviations

Input

EES

Execution from External Storage

I/O

Input/Output

ENC

Encoder: Actual value encoder

EFP

Compact I/O module (PLC I/O module)

ESD

Electrostatic Sensitive Devices

EMC

ElectroMagnetic Compatibility

European standard

ENC

Encoder: Actual value encoder

EnDat

Encoder interface

EPROM

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory: Erasable, electrically programmable

read-only memory

ePS Network Services

Services for Internet-based remote machine maintenance

EQN

Designation for an absolute encoder with 2048 sine signals per revolution

Engineering System

ESR

Extended Stop and Retract

ETC

ETC key ">"; softkey bar extension in the same menu

Function Block (PLC)

Function Call: Function Block (PLC)

FEPROM

Flash EPROM: Read and write memory

FIFO

First In First Out: Memory that works without address specification and whose data is

read in the same order in which they was stored

FIPO

Fine interpolator

FPU

Floating Point Unit: Floating Point Unit

CRC

Cutter Radius Compensation

FST

Feed Stop: Feedrate stop

FBD

Function Block Diagram (PLC programming method)

Firmware

Global Control (PROFIBUS: Broadcast telegram)

GDIR

Global part program memory

GEO

Geometry, e.g. geometry axis

GIA

Gear Interpolation dAta: Gear interpolation data

GND

Signal Ground

Basic program (PLC)

Gear Stage

GSD

Device master file for describing a PROFIBUS slave

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Appendix

A.1 List of abbreviations

GSDML

Generic Station Description Markup Language: XML-based description language for

creating a GSD file

GUD

Global User Data: Global user data

HEX

Abbreviation for hexadecimal number

AuxF

Auxiliary function

HLA

Hydraulic linear drive

HMI

Human Machine Interface: SINUMERIK user interface

MSD

Main Spindle Drive

Hardware

IBN

Commissioning

ICA

Interpolatory compensation

Interface Module: Interconnection module

IMR

Interface Module Receive: Interface module for receiving data

IMS

Interface Module Send: Interface module for sending data

INC

Increment: Increment

INI

Initializing Data: Initializing data

IPO

Interpolator

ISA

Industry Standard Architecture

ISO

International Standardization Organization

JOG

Jogging: Setup mode

K_V

Gain factor of control loop

K_p

Proportional gain

K_Ü

Transformation ratio

LAD

Ladder Diagram (PLC programming method)

LAI

Logic Machine Axis Image: Logical machine axes image

LAN

Local Area Network

LCD

Liquid Crystal Display: Liquid crystal display

LED

Light Emitting Diode: Light-emitting diode

Line Feed

Extended Functions

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Appendix

A.1 List of abbreviations

PMS

Position Measuring System

Position controller

LSB

Least Significant Bit: Least significant bit

LUD

Local User Data: User data (local)

MAC

Media Access Control

MAIN

Main program: Main program (OB1, PLC)

Megabyte

MCI

Motion Control Interface

MCIS

Motion Control Information System

MCP

Machine Control Panel: Machine control panel

Machine Data

MDA

Manual Data Automatic: Manual input

MDS

Motor Data Set: Motor data set

MSGW

Message Word

MCS

Machine Coordinate System

Motor Module

MPF

Main Program File: Main program (NC)

MCP

Machine control panel

Numerical Control: Numerical control with block preparation, traversing range, etc.

NCU

Numerical Control Unit: NC hardware unit

NRK

Name for the operating system of the NC

Interface Signal

NURBS

Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline

Work Offset

Numerical Extension: Axis expansion board

Organization block in the PLC

OEM

Original Equipment Manufacturer

Operator Panel: Operating equipment

OPI

Operator Panel Interface: Interface for connection to the operator panel

OPT

Options: Options

OLP

Optical Link Plug: Fiber optic bus connector

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection: Standard for computer communications

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Appendix

A.1 List of abbreviations

PIQ

Process Image Output

PII

Process Image Input

Personal Computer

PCIN

Name of the SW for data exchange with the control

PCMCIA

Personal Computer Memory Card International Association:

Plug-in memory card standardization

PCU

PC Unit: PC box (computer unit)

Programming device

PKE

Parameter identification: Part of a PIV

PIV

Parameter identification: Value (parameterizing part of a PPO)

PLC

Programmable Logic Control: Adaptation control

PROFINET

PNO

PROFIBUS user organization

POWER ON

POU

Program Organization Unit

POS

Position/positioning

POSMO A

Positioning Motor Actuator: Positioning motor

POSMO CA

Positioning Motor Compact AC: Complete drive unit with integrated power and control

module as well as positioning unit and program memory; AC infeed

POSMO CD

Positioning Motor Compact DC: Like CA but with DC infeed

POSMO SI

Positioning Motor Servo Integrated: Positioning motor, DC infeed

PPO

Parameter Process data Object: Cyclic data telegram for PROFIBUS DP transmission

and "Variable speed drives" profile

PPU

Panel Processing Unit (central hardware for a panel-based CNC, e.g SINUMERIK

828D)

PROFIBUS

Process Field Bus: Serial data bus

PRT

Program Test

PSW

Program control word

PTP

Point-To-Point: Point-To-Point

PUD

Program global User Data: Program-global user variables

PZD

Process data: Process data part of a PPO

QEC

Quadrant Error Compensation

RAM

Random Access Memory: Read/write memory

REF

REFerence point approach function

REPOS

REPOSition function

RISC

Reduced Instruction Set Computer: Type of processor with small instruction set and

ability to process instructions at high speed

ROV

Rapid Override: Input correction

Extended Functions

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Appendix

A.1 List of abbreviations

R Parameter, arithmetic parameter, predefined user variable

RPA

R Parameter Active: Memory area in the NC for R parameter numbers

RPY

Roll Pitch Yaw: Rotation type of a coordinate system

RTLI

Rapid Traverse Linear Interpolation: Linear interpolation during rapid traverse motion

RTS

Request To Send: Control signal of serial data interfaces

RTCP

Real Time Control Protocol

Synchronized Action

SBC

Safe Brake Control: Safe Brake Control

SBL

Single Block: Single block

SBR

Subroutine: Subprogram (PLC)

Setting Data

SDB

System Data Block

SEA

Setting Data Active: Identifier (file type) for setting data

SERUPRO

SEarch RUn by PROgram test: Block search, program test

SFB

System Function Block

SFC

System Function Call

SGE

Safety-related input

SGA

Safety-related output

Safe standstill

SIM

Single in Line Module

Softkey

SKP

Skip: Function for skipping a part program block

SLM

Synchronous Linear Motor

Stepper Motor

SMC

Sensor Module Cabinet Mounted

SME

Sensor Module Externally Mounted

SMI

Sensor Module Integrated

SPF

Sub Routine File: Subprogram (NC)

PLC

Programmable Logic Controller

SRAM

Static RAM (non-volatile)

TNRC

Tool Nose Radius Compensation

SRM

Synchronous Rotary Motor

LEC

Leadscrew Error Compensation

SSI

Serial Synchronous Interface: Synchronous serial interface

SSL

Block search

STW

Control word

GWPS

Grinding Wheel Peripheral Speed

Software

SYF

System Files: System files

SYNACT

SYNchronized ACTion: Synchronized Action

Extended Functions

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Appendix

A.1 List of abbreviations

Terminal Board (SINAMICS)

TCP

Tool Center Point: Tool tip

TCP/IP

Transport Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

TCU

Thin Client Unit

TEA

Testing Data Active: Identifier for machine data

TIA

Totally Integrated Automation

Terminal Module (SINAMICS)

Tool Offset: Tool offset

TOA

Tool Offset Active: Identifier (file type) for tool offsets

TRANSMIT

Transform Milling Into Turning: Coordination transformation for milling operations on

a lathe

TTL

Transistor-Transistor Logic (interface type)

Technology cycle

UFR

User Frame: Work offset

Subprogram

USB

Universal Serial Bus

UPS

Uninterruptible Power Supply

VDI

Internal communication interface between NC and PLC

VDI

Verein Deutscher Ingenieure [Association of German Engineers]

VDE

Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker [Association of German Electrical Engineers]

Voltage Input

Voltage Output

FDD

Feed Drive

SAR

Smooth Approach and Retraction

WCS

Workpiece Coordinate System

Tool

TLC

Tool Length Compensation

WOP

Workshop-Oriented Programming

WPD

Workpiece Directory: Workpiece directory

TRC

Tool Radius Compensation

Tool

Tool Offset

Tool Management

Tool change

Extended Functions

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Appendix

A.2 Overview

A.2

Overview

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Extended Functions

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Glossary

Absolute dimensions

A destination for an axis motion is defined by a dimension that refers to the origin of the currently

valid coordinate system. See → Incremental dimension

Acceleration with jerk limitation

In order to optimize the acceleration response of the machine whilst simultaneously protecting

the mechanical components, it is possible to switch over in the machining program between

abrupt acceleration and continuous (jerk-free) acceleration.

Address

An address is the identifier for a certain operand or operand range, e.g. input, output, etc.

Alarms

All → messages and alarms are displayed on the operator panel in plain text with date and time

and the corresponding symbol for the deletion criterion. Alarms and messages are displayed

separately.

1. Alarms and messages in the part program:

Alarms and messages can be displayed in plain text directly from the part program.

2. Alarms and messages from the PLC:

Alarms and messages for the machine can be displayed in plain text from the PLC program.

No additional function block packages are required for this purpose.

Archiving

Reading out of files and/or directories on an external memory device.

Asynchronous subprogram

Part program that can be started asynchronously to (independently of) the current program

status using an interrupt signal (e.g. "Rapid NC input" signal).

Automatic

Operating mode of the controller (block sequence operation according to DIN): Operating

mode for NC systems in which a → subprogram is selected and executed continuously.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Auxiliary functions

Auxiliary functions enable → part programs to transfer → parameters to the → PLC, which then

trigger reactions defined by the machine manufacturer.

Axes

In accordance with their functional scope, the CNC axes are subdivided into:

● Axes: Interpolating path axes

● Auxiliary axes: Non-interpolating feed and positioning axes with an axis-specific feedrate.

Auxiliary axes are not involved in actual machining, e.g. tool feeder, tool magazine.

Axis address

See → Axis name

Axis name

To ensure clear identification, all channel and → machine axes of the control system must be

designated with unique names in the channel and control system. The → geometry axes are

called X, Y, Z. The rotary axes rotating around the geometry axes → are called A, B, C.

Backlash compensation

Compensation for a mechanical machine backlash, e.g. backlash on reversal for ball screws.

Backlash compensation can be entered separately for each axis.

Backup battery

The backup battery ensures that the → user program in the → CPU is stored so that it is safe

from power failure and so that specified data areas and bit memory, timers and counters are

stored retentively.

Basic axis

Axis whose setpoint or actual value position forms the basis of the calculation of a

compensation value.

Basic Coordinate System

Cartesian coordinate system which is mapped by transformation onto the machine coordinate

system.

The programmer uses axis names of the basic coordinate system in the → part program. The

basic coordinate system exists parallel to the → machine coordinate system if no

→ transformation is active. The difference lies in the → axis names.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Baud rate

Rate of data transfer (bits/s).

Blank

Workpiece as it is before it is machined.

Block

"Block" is the term given to any files required for creating and processing programs.

Block search

For debugging purposes or following a program abort, the "Block search" function can be used

to select any location in the part program at which the program is to be started or resumed.

Booting

Loading the system program after power ON.

C axis

Axis around which the tool spindle describes a controlled rotational and positioning motion.

C spline

The C spline is the most well-known and widely used spline. The transitions at the interpolation

points are continuous, both tangentially and in terms of curvature. 3rd order polynomials are

used.

Channel

A channel is characterized by the fact that it can process a → part program independently of

other channels. A channel exclusively controls the axes and spindles assigned to it. Part

program runs of different channels can be coordinated through → synchronization.

Circular interpolation

The → tool moves on a circle between specified points on the contour at a given feedrate, and

the workpiece is thereby machined.

CNC

See → NC

Computerized Numerical Control: includes the components → NC, → PLC, HMI, → COM.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

CNC

See → NC

Computerized Numerical Control: includes the components → NC, → PLC, HMI, → COM.

COM

Component of the NC for the implementation and coordination of communication.

Compensation axis

Axis with a setpoint or actual value modified by the compensation value

Compensation table

Table containing interpolation points. It provides the compensation values of the compensation

axis for selected positions on the basic axis.

Compensation value

Difference between the axis position measured by the encoder and the desired, programmed

axis position.

Continuous-path mode

The objective of continuous-path mode is to avoid substantial deceleration of the → path axes

at the part program block boundaries and to change to the next block at as close to the same

path velocity as possible.

Contour

Contour of the → workpiece

Contour monitoring

The following error is monitored within a definable tolerance band as a measure of contour

accuracy. An unacceptably high following error can cause the drive to become overloaded, for

example. In such cases, an alarm is output and the axes are stopped.

Coordinate system

See → Machine coordinate system, → Workpiece coordinate system

CPU

Central processing unit, see → PLC

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Transformation ratio

Curvature

The curvature k of a contour is the inverse of radius r of the nestling circle in a contour point

(k = 1/r).

Cycles

Protected subprograms for execution of repetitive machining operations on the → workpiece.

Data block

1. Data unit of the → PLC that → HIGHSTEP programs can access.

2. Data unit of the → NC: Data blocks contain data definitions for global user data. This data

can be initialized directly when it is defined.

Data word

Two-byte data unit within a → data block.

Diagnostics

1. Operating area of the control.

2. The control has a self-diagnostics program as well as test functions for servicing purposes:

status, alarm, and service displays

Dimensions specification, metric and inches

Position and pitch values can be programmed in inches in the machining program. Irrespective

of the programmable dimensions (G70/G71), the control is set to a basic system.

DRF

Differential Resolver Function: NC function which generates an incremental work offset in

Automatic mode in conjunction with an electronic handwheel.

Drive

The drive is the unit of the CNC that performs the speed and torque control based on the

settings of the NC.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Dynamic feedforward control

Inaccuracies in the → contour due to following errors can be practically eliminated using

dynamic, acceleration-dependent feedforward control. This results in excellent machining

accuracy even at high → path velocities. Feedforward control can be selected and deselected

on an axis-specific basis via the → part program.

Editor

The editor makes it possible to create, edit, extend, join, and import programs / texts / program

blocks.

Exact stop

When an exact stop statement is programmed, the position specified in a block is approached

exactly and, if necessary, very slowly. To reduce the approach time, → exact stop limits are

defined for rapid traverse and feed.

Exact stop limit

When all path axes reach their exact stop limits, the control responds as if it had reached its

precise destination point. A block advance of the → part program occurs.

External work offset

Work offset specified by the → PLC.

Fast retraction from the contour

When an interrupt occurs, a motion can be initiated via the CNC machining program, enabling

the tool to be quickly retracted from the workpiece contour that is currently being machined.

The retraction angle and the distance retracted can also be parameterized. An interrupt routine

can also be executed following the fast retraction.

Feed override

The programmed velocity is overriden by the current velocity setting made via the → machine

control panel or from the → PLC (0 to 200%). The feedrate can also be corrected by a

programmable percentage factor (1 to 200%) in the machining program.

Finished-part contour

Contour of the finished workpiece. See → Raw part.

Fixed machine point

Point that is uniquely defined by the machine tool, e.g. machine reference point.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Fixed-point approach

Machine tools can approach fixed points such as a tool change point, loading point, pallet

change point, etc. in a defined way. The coordinates of these points are stored in the control.

The control moves the relevant axes in → rapid traverse, whenever possible.

Frame

A frame is an arithmetic rule that transforms one Cartesian coordinate system into another

Cartesian coordinate system. A frame contains the following components: → work offset,

→ rotation, → scaling, → mirroring.

Geometry

Description of a → workpiece in the → workpiece coordinate system.

Geometry axis

The geometry axes form the 2 or 3-dimensional → workpiece coordinate system in which, in

→ part programs, the geometry of the workpiece is programmed.

Ground

Ground is taken as the total of all linked inactive parts of a device which will not become live

with a dangerous contact voltage even in the event of a malfunction.

Helical interpolation

The helical interpolation function is ideal for machining internal and external threads using form

milling cutters and for milling lubrication grooves.

The helix comprises two motions:

● Circular motion in one plane

● A linear motion perpendicular to this plane

High-level CNC language

The high-level language is used to write NC programs, → synchronized actions, and → cycles.

It provides: control structures → user-defined variables, → system variables, → macro

programming.

High-speed digital inputs/outputs

The digital inputs can be used for example to start fast CNC program routines (interrupt

routines). High-speed, program-driven switching functions can be initiated via the digital CNC

outputs

Extended Functions

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Glossary

HIGHSTEP

Summary of programming options for → PLCs of the AS300/AS400 system.

HW Config

SIMATIC S7 tool for the configuration and parameterization of hardware components within

an S7 project

Identifier

In accordance with DIN 66025, words are supplemented using identifiers (names) for variables

(arithmetic variables, system variables, user variables), subprograms, key words, and words

with multiple address letters. These supplements have the same meaning as the words with

respect to block format. Identifiers must be unique. It is not permissible to use the same

identifier for different objects.

Inch measuring system

Measuring system which defines distances in inches and fractions of inches.

Inclined surface machining

Drilling and milling operations on workpiece surfaces that do not lie in the coordinate planes

of the machine can be performed easily using the function "inclined-surface machining".

Increment

Travel path length specification based on number of increments. The number of increments

can be stored as → setting data or be selected by means of a suitably labeled key (i.e. 10, 100,

1000, 10000).

Incremental dimension

Incremental dimension: A destination for axis traversal is defined by a distance to be covered

and a direction referenced to a point already reached. See → Absolute dimension.

Intermediate blocks

Motions with selected → tool offset (G41/G42) may be interrupted by a limited number of

intermediate blocks (blocks without axis motions in the offset plane), whereby the tool offset

can still be correctly compensated for. The permissible number of intermediate blocks which

the controller reads ahead can be set in system parameters.

Interpolator

Logic unit of the → NC that defines intermediate values for the motion to be carried out in

individual axes based on information on the end positions specified in the part program.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Interpolatory compensation

Mechanical deviations of the machine are compensated for by means of interpolatory

compensation functions, such as → leadscrew error, sag, angularity, and temperature

compensation.

Interrupt routine

Interrupt routines are special → subprograms that can be started by events (external signals)

in the machining process. A part program block which is currently being worked through is

interrupted and the position of the axes at the point of interruption is automatically saved.

Inverse-time feedrate

The time required for the path of a block to be traversed can also be programmed for the axis

motion instead of the feed velocity (G93).

JOG

Operating mode of the control (setup mode): The machine can be set up in JOG mode.

Individual axes and spindles can be traversed in JOG mode by means of the direction keys.

Additional functions in JOG mode include: → Reference point approach, → Repos, and → Preset

(set actual value).

Key switch

The key switch on the → machine control panel has four positions that are assigned functions

by the operating system of the controller. The key switch has three different colored keys that

can be removed in the specified positions.

Keywords

Words with specified notation that have a defined meaning in the programming language for

→ part programs.

Servo gain factor, a control variable in a control loop.

Leading axis

The leading axis is the → gantry axis that exists from the point of view of the operator and

programmer and, thus, can be influenced like a standard NC axis.

Leadscrew error compensation

Compensation for the mechanical inaccuracies of a leadscrew participating in the feed. The

controller uses stored deviation values for the compensation.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Limit speed

Maximum/minimum (spindle) speed: The maximum speed of a spindle can be limited by

specifying machine data, the → PLC or → setting data.

Linear axis

In contrast to a rotary axis, a linear axis describes a straight line.

Linear interpolation

The tool travels along a straight line to the destination point while machining the workpiece.

Load memory

The load memory is the same as the → working memory for the CPU 314 of the → PLC.

Look Ahead

The Look Ahead function is used to achieve an optimal machining speed by looking ahead

over an assignable number of traversing blocks.

Machine axes

Physically existent axes on the machine tool.

Machine control panel

An operator panel on a machine tool with operating elements such as keys, rotary switches,

etc., and simple indicators such as LEDs. It is used to directly influence the machine tool via

the PLC.

Machine coordinate system

A coordinate system, which is related to the axes of the machine tool.

Machine zero

Fixed point of the machine tool to which all (derived) measuring systems can be traced back.

Machining channel

A channel structure can be used to shorten idle times by means of parallel motion sequences,

e.g. moving a loading gantry simultaneously with machining. Here, a CNC channel must be

regarded as a separate CNC control system with decoding, block preparation and interpolation.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Macro techniques

Grouping of a set of statements under a single identifier. The identifier represents the set of

consolidated statements in the program.

Main block

A block preceded with ":" that contains all information to start the operating sequence in a

→ part program.

Main program

The term "main program" has its origins during the time when part programs were split strictly

into main and → subprograms. This strict division no longer exists with today's SINUMERIK

NC language. In principle, any part program in the channel can be selected and started. It then

runs through in → program level 0 (main program level). Further part programs or → cycles as

subprograms can be called up in the main program.

MDI

Operating mode of the control: Manual Data Input. In the MDI mode, individual program blocks

or block sequences with no reference to a main program or subprogram can be input and

executed immediately afterwards through actuation of the NC start key.

Messages

All messages programmed in the part program and → alarms detected by the system are

displayed on the operator panel in plain text with date and time and the corresponding symbol

for the deletion criterion. Alarms and messages are displayed separately.

Metric measuring system

Standardized system of units: For length, e.g. mm (millimeters), m (meters).

Mirroring

Mirroring reverses the signs of the coordinate values of a contour, with respect to an axis. It

is possible to mirror with respect to more than one axis at a time.

Mode

An operating concept on a SINUMERIK control The following modes are defined: → Jog, → MDI,

→ Automatic.

Mode group

Axes and spindles that are technologically related can be combined into one mode group.

Axes/spindles of a mode group can be controlled by one or more → channels. The same

→ mode type is always assigned to the channels of the mode group.

Extended Functions

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Glossary

Numerical Control component of the → CNC that executes the → part programs and coordinates

the movements of the machine tool.

Network

A network is the connection of multiple S7-300 and other end devices, e.g. a programming

device via a → connecting cable. A data exchange takes place over the network between the

connected devices.

NRK

Numeric robotic kernel (operating system of → NC)

NURBS

The motion control and path interpolation that occurs within the control is performed based on

NURBS (Non Uniform Rational B-Splines). This provides a uniform procedure for all internal

interpolations.

OEM

The scope for implementing individual solutions (OEM applications) has been provided for

machine manufacturers, who wish to create their own user interface or integrate technology-

specific functions in the control.

Offset memory

Data range in the control, in which the tool offset data is stored.

Oriented spindle stop

Stops the workpiece spindle in a specified angular position, e.g. in order to perform additional

machining at a particular location.

Overall reset

In the event of an overall reset, the following memories of the → CPU are deleted:

●

→ Working memory

● Read/write area of → load memory

●

→ System memory

●

→ Backup memory

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Glossary

Override

Manual or programmable possibility of intervention that enables the user to override

programmed feedrates or speeds in order to adapt them to a specific workpiece or material.

Part program

Series of statements to the NC that act in concert to produce a particular → workpiece. Likewise,

this term applies to execution of a particular machining operation on a given → raw part.

Part program block

Part of a → part program that is demarcated by a line feed. There are two types: → main blocks

and → subblocks.

Part program management

Part program management can be organized by → workpieces. The size of the user memory

determines the number of programs and the amount of data that can be managed. Each file

(programs and data) can be given a name consisting of a maximum of 24 alphanumeric

characters.

Path axis

Path axes include all machining axes of the → channel that are controlled by the → interpolator

in such a way that they start, accelerate, stop, and reach their end point simultaneously.

Path feedrate

Path feedrate affects → path axes. It represents the geometric sum of the feedrates of the

→ geometry axes involved.

Path velocity

The maximum programmable path velocity depends on the input resolution. For example, with

a resolution of 0.1 mm the maximum programmable path velocity is 1000 m/min.

PCIN data transfer program

PCIN is a utility program for sending and receiving CNC user data (e.g. part programs, tool

offsets) via the serial interface. The PCIN program can run under MS-DOS on standard

industrial PCs.

Peripheral module

I/O modules represent the link between the CPU and the process.

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Glossary

I/O modules are:

●

→ Digital input/output modules

●

→ Analog input/output modules

●

→ Simulator modules

PLC

Programmable Logic Controller: → Programmable logic controller. Component of → NC:

Programmable control for processing the control logic of the machine tool.

PLC program memory

SINUMERIK 840D sl: The PLC user program, the user data and the basic PLC program are

stored together in the PLC user memory.

PLC programming

The PLC is programmed using the STEP 7 software. The STEP 7 programming software is

based on the WINDOWS standard operating system and contains the STEP 5 programming

functions with innovative enhancements.

Polar coordinates

A coordinate system which defines the position of a point on a plane in terms of its distance

from the origin and the angle formed by the radius vector with a defined axis.

Polynomial interpolation

Polynomial interpolation enables a wide variety of curve characteristics to be generated, such

as straight line, parabolic, exponential functions (SINUMERIK 840D sl).

Positioning axis

Axis that performs an auxiliary motion on a machine tool (e.g. tool magazine, pallet transport).

Positioning axes are axes that do not interpolate with → path axes.

Position-time cams

The term "position-time cam" refers to a pair of software cams that can supply a pulse of a

certain duration at a defined axis position.

Pre-coincidence

Block change occurs already when the path distance approaches an amount equal to a

specifiable delta of the end position.

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Glossary

Program block

Program blocks contain the main program and subprograms of → part programs.

Program level

A part program started in the channel runs as a → main program on program level 0 (main

program level). Any part program called up in the main program runs as a → subprogram on

a program level 1 ... n of its own.

Programmable frames

Programmable → frames enable dynamic definition of new coordinate system output points

while the part program is being executed. A distinction is made between absolute definition

using a new frame and additive definition with reference to an existing starting point.

Programmable logic controller

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are electronic controllers, the function of which is stored

as a program in the control unit. This means that the layout and wiring of the device do not

depend on the function of the controller. The programmable logic control has the same

structure as a computer; it consists of a CPU (central module) with memory, input/output

modules and an internal bus system. The peripherals and the programming language are

matched to the requirements of the control technology.

Programmable working area limitation

Limitation of the motion space of the tool to a space defined by programmed limitations.

Programming key

Characters and character strings that have a defined meaning in the programming language

for → part programs.

Protection zone

Three-dimensional zone within the → working area into which the tool tip must not pass.

Quadrant error compensation

Contour errors at quadrant transitions, which arise as a result of changing friction conditions

on the guideways, can be virtually entirely eliminated with the quadrant error compensation.

Parameterization of the quadrant error compensation is performed by means of a circuit test.

R parameters

Arithmetic parameter that can be set or queried by the programmer of the → part program for

any purpose in the program.

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Glossary

Rapid traverse

The highest traverse velocity of an axis. It is used, for example, when the tool approaches the

→ workpiece contour from a resting position or when the tool is retracted from the workpiece

contour. The rapid traverse velocity is set on a machine-specific basis using a machine data

item.

Reference point

Machine tool position that the measuring system of the → machine axes references.

Rotary axis

Rotary axes apply a workpiece or tool rotation to a defined angular position.

Rotation

Component of a → frame that defines a rotation of the coordinate system around a particular

angle.

Rounding axis

Rounding axes rotate a workpiece or tool to an angular position corresponding to an indexing

grid. When a grid index is reached, the rounding axis is "in position".

RS-232-C

Serial interface for data input/output. Machining programs as well as manufacturer and user

data can be loaded and saved via this interface.

Safety functions

The controller is equipped with permanently active monitoring functions that detect faults in

the → CNC, the → PLC, and the machine in a timely manner so that damage to the workpiece,

tool, or machine is largely prevented. In the event of a fault, the machining operation is

interrupted and the drives stopped. The cause of the malfunction is logged and output as an

alarm. At the same time, the PLC is notified that a CNC alarm has been triggered.

Scaling

Component of a → frame that implements axis-specific scale modifications.

Setting data

Data which communicates the properties of the machine tool to the NC as defined by the

system software.

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Glossary

Softkey

A key, whose name appears on an area of the screen. The choice of softkeys displayed is

dynamically adapted to the operating situation. The freely assignable function keys (softkeys)

are assigned defined functions in the software.

Software limit switch

Software limit switches limit the traversing range of an axis and prevent an abrupt stop of the

slide at the hardware limit switch. Two value pairs can be specified for each axis and activated

separately by means of the → PLC.

Spline interpolation

With spline interpolation, the controller can generate a smooth curve characteristic from only

a few specified interpolation points of a set contour.

Standard cycles

Standard cycles are provided for machining operations which are frequently repeated:

● For the drilling/milling technology

● For turning technology

The available cycles are listed in the "Cycle support" menu in the "Program" operating area.

Once the desired machining cycle has been selected, the parameters required for assigning

values are displayed in plain text.

Subblock

Block preceded by "N" containing information for a sequence, e.g. positional data.

Subprogram

The term "subprogram" has its origins during the time when part programs were split strictly

into →main and subprograms. This strict division no longer exists with today's SINUMERIK NC

language. In principle, any part program or any → cycle can be called up as a subprogram

within another part program. It then runs through in the next → program level (x+1) (subprogram

level (x+1)).

Synchronization

Statements in → part programs for coordination of sequences in different → channels at certain

machining points.

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Glossary

Synchronized actions

1. Auxiliary function output

During workpiece machining, technological functions (→ auxiliary functions) can be output

from the CNC program to the PLC. For example, these auxiliary functions are used to

control additional equipment for the machine tool, such as quills, grabbers, clamping

chucks, etc.

2. Fast auxiliary function output

For time-critical switching functions, the acknowledgement times for the → auxiliary

functions can be minimized and unnecessary hold points in the machining process can be

avoided.

Synchronized axes

Synchronized axes take the same time to traverse their path as the geometry axes take for

their path.

Synchronized axis

A synchronized axis is the → gantry axis whose set position is continuously derived from the

motion of the → leading axis and is, thus, moved synchronously with the leading axis. From

the point of view of the programmer and operator, the synchronized axis "does not exist".

System memory

The system memory is a memory in the CPU in which the following data is stored:

● Data required by the operating system

● The operands timers, counters, markers

System variable

A variable that exists without any input from the programmer of a → part program. It is defined

by a data type and the variable name preceded by the character $. See → User-defined variable.

Tapping without compensating chuck

This function allows threads to be tapped without a compensating chuck. By using the

interpolating method of the spindle as a rotary axis and the drilling axis, threads can be cut to

a precise final drilling depth, e.g. for blind hole threads (requirement: spindles in axis operation).

Text editor

See → Editor

TOA area

The TOA area includes all tool and magazine data. By default, this area coincides with the

→ channel area with regard to the access of the data. However, machine data can be used to

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Glossary

specify that multiple channels share one → TOA unit so that common tool management data

is then available to these channels.

TOA unit

Each → TOA area can have more than one TOA unit. The number of possible TOA units is

limited by the maximum number of active → channels. A TOA unit includes exactly one tool

data block and one magazine data block. In addition, a TOA unit can also contain a toolholder

data block (optional).

Tool

Active part on the machine tool that implements machining (e.g. turning tool, milling tool, drill,

LASER beam, etc.).

Tool nose radius compensation

Contour programming assumes that the tool is pointed. Because this is not actually the case

in practice, the curvature radius of the tool used must be communicated to the controller which

then takes it into account. The curvature center is maintained equidistantly around the contour,

offset by the curvature radius.

Tool offset

Consideration of the tool dimensions in calculating the path.

Tool radius compensation

To directly program a desired → workpiece contour, the control must traverse an equistant path

to the programmed contour taking into account the radius of the tool that is being used (G41/

G42).

Transformation

Additive or absolute zero offset of an axis.

Travel range

The maximum permissible travel range for linear axes is ± 9 decades. The absolute value

depends on the selected input and position control resolution and the unit of measurement

(inch or metric).

User interface

The user interface (UI) is the display medium for a CNC in the form of a screen. It features

horizontal and vertical softkeys.

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Glossary

User memory

All programs and data, such as part programs, subprograms, comments, tool offsets, and work

offsets / frames, as well as channel and program user data, can be stored in the shared CNC

user memory.

User program

User programs for the S7-300 automation systems are created using the programming

language STEP 7. The user program has a modular layout and consists of individual blocks.

The basic block types are:

● Code blocks

These blocks contain the STEP 7 commands.

● Data blocks

These blocks contain constants and variables for the STEP 7 program.

User-defined variable

Users can declare their own variables for any purpose in the → part program or data block

(global user data). A definition contains a data type specification and the variable name. See

→ System variable.

Variable definition

A variable definition includes the specification of a data type and a variable name. The variable

names can be used to access the value of the variables.

Velocity control

In order to achieve an acceptable traverse rate in the case of very slight motions per block, an

anticipatory evaluation over several blocks (→ Look Ahead) can be specified.

WinSCP

WinSCP is a freely available open source program for Windows for the transfer of files.

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Glossary

Work offset

Specifies a new reference point for a coordinate system through reference to an existing zero

point and a → frame.

1. Settable

A configurable number of settable work offsets are available for each CNC axis. The offsets

- which are selected by means of G commands - take effect alternatively.

2. External

In addition to all the offsets which define the position of the workpiece zero, an external

work offset can be overridden by means of the handwheel (DRF offset) or from the PLC.

3. Programmable

Work offsets can be programmed for all path and positioning axes using the TRANS

statement.

Working area

Three-dimensional zone into which the tool tip can be moved on account of the physical design

of the machine tool. See → Protection zone.

Working area limitation

With the aid of the working area limitation, the traversing range of the axes can be further

restricted in addition to the limit switches. One value pair per axis may be used to describe the

protected working area.

Working memory

The working memory is a RAM in the → CPU that the processor accesses when processing

the application program.

Workpiece

Part to be made/machined by the machine tool.

Workpiece contour

Set contour of the → workpiece to be created or machined.

Workpiece coordinate system

The workpiece coordinate system has its starting point in the → workpiece zero-point. In

machining operations programmed in the workpiece coordinate system, the dimensions and

directions refer to this system.

Workpiece zero

The workpiece zero is the starting point for the → workpiece coordinate system. It is defined

in terms of distances to the → machine zero.

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Table of contents

Preface

Introduction

1.1

About this documentation

Fundamental safety instructions

2.1

General safety instructions

2.2

Warranty and liability for application examples

2.3

Security information

Geometric machine modeling

3.1

Function description

3.1.1

Features

3.1.2

Automatic tool protection areas

3.2

Commissioning

3.2.1

General

3.2.1.1

Overview

3.2.1.2

Structure of the system variables

3.2.1.3

Color chart

3.2.2

Machine data

3.2.2.1

Maximum number of protection areas

3.2.2.2

Maximum number of protection area elements for machine protection areas

3.2.2.3

Maximum number of protection area elements for automatic tool protection areas

3.2.2.4

Maximum number of NC/PLC interface signals for the preactivation of protection areas

3.2.2.5

Maximum number of triangles for machine protection areas

3.2.2.6

Maximum number of triangles for automatic tool protection areas

3.2.2.7

Creation mode for automatic tool protection areas

3.2.3

System variables: Protection areas

3.2.3.1

Overview

3.2.3.2

$NP_PROT_NAME

3.2.3.3

$NP_CHAIN_ELEM

3.2.3.4

$NP_PROT_TYPE

3.2.3.5

$NP_1ST_PROT

3.2.3.6

$NP_PROT_COLOR

3.2.3.7

$NP_PROT_D_LEVEL

3.2.3.8

$NP_BIT_NO

3.2.3.9

$NP_INIT_STAT

3.2.3.10

$NP_INDEX

3.2.4

System variables: Protection area elements for machine protection areas

3.2.4.1

Overview

3.2.4.2

$NP_NAME

3.2.4.3

$NP_NEXT

3.2.4.4

$NP_NEXTP

3.2.4.5

$NP_COLOR

3.2.4.6

$NP_D_LEVEL

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3.2.4.7

$NP_USAGE

3.2.4.8

$NP_TYPE

3.2.4.9

$NP_FILENAME

3.2.4.10

$NP_PARA

3.2.4.11

$NP_OFF

3.2.4.12

$NP_DIR

3.2.4.13

$NP_ANG

3.2.5

System variables: Protection area elements for automatic tool protection areas

3.2.6

Boundary conditions

3.3

Data lists

3.3.1

Machine data

3.3.1.1

NC-specific machine data

3.3.2

System variables

Collision avoidance, internal

4.1

Function description

4.1.1

Options

4.1.2

Characteristics

4.1.3

Reaction of the control to a risk of collision

4.1.4

State diagram: Protection area

4.1.5

Tools

4.1.6

Boundary conditions

4.2

Commissioning

4.2.1

General

4.2.1.1

Overview

4.2.1.2

Structure of the system variables

4.2.2

Machine data

4.2.2.1

Collision tolerance

4.2.2.2

Safety clearance

4.2.2.3

Maximum memory space

4.2.2.4

Maximum number of collision pairs

4.2.2.5

Protection levels for collision avoidance On/Off

4.2.3

System variables

4.2.3.1

Overview

4.2.3.2

$NP_COLL_PAIR

4.2.3.3

$NP_SAFETY_DIST

4.2.4

Extend system variables

4.2.4.1

Overview

4.2.4.2

State data

4.2.4.3

Memory requirement

4.2.4.4

Braking distance estimations

4.3

Programming

4.3.1

Check for collision pair (COLLPAIR)

4.3.2

Request recalculation of the machine model of the collision avoidance (PROTA)

4.3.3

Setting the protection zone status (PROTS)

4.3.4

Determining the clearance of two protection zones (PROTD)

4.4

Example

4.4.1

Specifications

4.4.2

Part program of the machine model

4.5

Data lists

104

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4.5.1

Machine data

104

4.5.1.1

NC-specific machine data

104

4.5.2

System variables

104

Collision avoidance, external

107

5.1

Function description

107

5.1.1

Options

107

5.1.2

Characteristics

107

5.2

Commissioning

107

5.2.1

Machine data

107

5.2.1.1

Functions of external collision avoidance

107

5.2.1.2

Preview time

108

5.2.1.3

Preview time step

108

5.2.1.4

Timeout time

108

Protection areas

109

6.1

Function

109

6.2

Commissioning

116

6.2.1

Machine data

116

6.3

Programming

117

6.3.1

Defining protection zones (CPROTDEF, NPROTDEF)

117

6.3.2

Activating/deactivating protection zones (CPROT, NPROT)

120

6.3.3

Checking for protection zone violation, working area limitation and software limit

switches (CALCPOSI)

123

6.4

Special situations

132

6.4.1

Temporary enabling of protection zones

132

6.4.2

Behavior in the AUTOMATIC and MDA modes

133

6.4.3

Behavior in JOG mode

134

6.5

Boundary conditions

137

6.6

Example

138

6.6.1

Protection zone on a lathe

138

6.6.2

Protection zone definition in the part program

139

6.6.3

Protection zone definition with system variables

139

6.6.4

Activating protection zones

147

6.7

Data lists

147

6.7.1

Machine data

147

6.7.1.1

NC-specific machine data

147

6.7.1.2

Channelspecific machine data

147

Axis monitoring functions

149

7.1

Contour monitoring

149

7.1.1

Contour error

149

7.1.2

Following-error monitoring

150

7.2

Positioning, zero speed and clamping monitoring

152

7.2.1

Correlation between positioning, zero-speed and clamping monitoring

152

7.2.2

Positioning monitoring

152

7.2.3

Zero-speed monitoring

154

7.2.4

Parameter set-dependent exact stop and standstill tolerance

154

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7.2.5

Clamping monitoring

155

7.2.5.1

Function

155

7.2.5.2

Machine data

155

7.2.5.3

NC/PLC interface signals

156

7.2.5.4

Fault responses

156

7.2.5.5

"Automatic stop to release the clamping" clamping function

157

7.2.5.6

"Time-optimized release of the clamping" clamping function

158

7.2.5.7

"Automatic stop to set the clamping" clamping function

159

7.2.5.8

Supplementary conditions

161

7.3

Speed-setpoint monitoring

163

7.4

Actual-velocity monitoring

165

7.5

Measuring system monitoring

165

7.5.1

Encoder-limit-frequency monitoring

167

7.5.2

Plausibility check for absolute encoders

168

7.5.3

Customized error reactions

170

7.6

Limit switch monitoring

173

7.6.1

Hardware limit switch

173

7.6.2

Software limit switch

174

7.7

Working area limitation monitoring

176

7.7.1

General

176

7.7.2

Working area limitation in BCS

178

7.7.3

Working area limitation in WCS/SZS

180

7.7.4

Example: Working area limitation in WCS/SZS

183

7.8

Parking a machine axis

186

7.9

Parking the passive position measuring system

188

7.9.1

Function

188

7.9.2

Supplementary conditions

191

7.9.3

Example: Changing an attachment head for a direct position measuring system

192

7.9.4

Example: Changing an attachment head for two direct position measuring systems

197

7.9.5

Example: Measuring system switchover when encoders are missing in certain parts of the

range

201

7.10

Switching over encoder data sets

204

7.11

Data lists

206

7.11.1

Machine data

206

7.11.1.1

NC-specific machine data

206

7.11.1.2

Channelspecific machine data

207

7.11.1.3

Axis/spindlespecific machine data

207

7.11.2

Setting data

209

7.11.2.1

Axis/spindlespecific setting data

209

Contour tunnel monitoring

211

8.1

Brief description

211

8.1.1

Contour tunnel monitoring

211

8.1.2

Programmable contour accuracy

212

8.2

Contour tunnel monitoring

213

8.3

Programmable contour accuracy

214

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8.4

Constraints

217

8.5

Data lists

218

8.5.1

Machine data

218

8.5.1.1

Channelspecific machine data

218

8.5.1.2

Axis/spindlespecific machine data

218

8.5.2

Setting data

218

8.5.2.1

Channelspecific setting data

218

Compensations

219

9.1

Introduction

219

9.2

Temperature compensation

220

9.2.1

Function

220

9.2.2

Commissioning

223

9.2.3

Example

224

9.2.3.1

Commissioning the temperature compensation for the Z axis of a lathe

224

9.3

Backlash compensation

226

9.3.1

Mechanical backlash compensation

226

9.3.1.1

Function

226

9.3.1.2

Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data

228

9.3.2

Dynamic backlash compensation

229

9.3.2.1

Function

229

9.3.2.2

Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data

230

9.3.3

Dual position feedback

231

9.3.3.1

Commissioning: Axis-specific machine data

232

9.3.3.2

Supplementary conditions

232

9.4

Nodding compensation

233

9.4.1

Description of the function

233

9.4.1.1

Options

233

9.4.1.2

Features

233

9.4.1.3

Position-dependent compliance factor

235

9.4.1.4

Compensation relationships

236

9.4.2

Commissioning: Machine data

236

9.4.2.1

Overview

236

9.4.2.2

Time constant for smoothing nodding compensation values

237

9.4.2.3

Accelerating axis

238

9.4.2.4

Adaptation axis

238

9.4.2.5

Number of positions of the adaptation characteristic

239

9.4.2.6

Positions of the adaptation characteristic

240

9.4.2.7

Compliance factors

241

9.4.2.8

Function diagram

243

9.5

Interpolatory compensation

244

9.5.1

General properties

244

9.5.2

Leadscrew error and measuring system error compensation

246

9.5.2.1

Measuring system error compensation (MSEC)

246

9.5.2.2

Commissioning

247

9.5.2.3

Example

250

9.5.3

Sag and angularity error compensation

251

9.5.3.1

General information

251

9.5.3.2

Commissioning: Machine data

253

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9.5.3.3

Commissioning: Setting data

254

9.5.3.4

Commissioning: System variable

255

9.5.3.5

Commissioning: Basic procedure

259

9.5.3.6

Commissioning: Overview diagram

261

9.5.3.7

Example 1: Sag compensation

262

9.5.3.8

Example 2: Compensation with table multiplication

263

9.5.3.9

Example 3: 2-dimensional array of compensation values

264

9.5.4

Extension of the sag compensation with NCU link

270

9.5.4.1

General parameter assignment

270

9.5.4.2

Parameterization with channel names

270

9.5.4.3

Parameterization with machine axis names

271

9.5.4.4

Axis container

271

9.5.4.5

Configuration example 1: NCU link with rigid coupling

272

9.5.4.6

Configuration example 2 NCU link with axis container

274

9.5.5

Direction-dependent leadscrew error compensation

278

9.5.5.1

Description of functions

278

9.5.5.2

Commissioning

279

9.5.5.3

Example

282

9.5.6

Cylinder error compensation

285

9.5.6.1

Options

285

9.5.6.2

Function

285

9.5.6.3

Commissioning

285

9.5.6.4

Examples

290

9.5.7

Supplementary conditions

293

9.6

Dynamic feedforward control (following error compensation)

295

9.6.1

General properties

295

9.6.2

Speed feedforward control

297

9.6.3

Torque feedforward control

298

9.6.4

Dynamic response adaptation

300

9.6.5

Forward feed control for command- and PLC axes

301

9.6.6

Secondary conditions

303

9.7

Friction compensation overview

304

9.8

Friction compensation with a constant compensation value

304

9.8.1

Description of functions

304

9.8.2

Commissioning

305

9.8.2.1

Circularity test

306

9.8.3

Supplementary conditions

309

9.9

Friction compensation with adaptive characteristic

310

9.9.1

Description of functions

310

9.9.2

commissioning

311

9.9.3

Supplementary conditions

313

9.10

Friction compensation with adaptive characteristics

313

9.10.1

Description of the function

313

9.10.2

Commissioning

315

9.10.2.1

Activating the function

315

9.10.2.2

Commissioning functions of the SINUMERIK Operate user interface

315

9.10.2.3

Parameterization of the acceleration at the characteristic interpolation points

317

9.10.2.4

Velocity setpoint pulse

319

9.10.2.5

Torque setpoint pulse

321

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Table of contents

9.11

Compensation functions for suspended axes

325

9.11.1

Electronic counterweight

325

9.11.2

Special function: Reboot delay

326

9.12

Data lists

328

9.12.1

Machine data

328

9.12.1.1

General machine data

328

9.12.1.2

Channelspecific machine data

328

9.12.1.3

Axis/spindlespecific machine data

329

9.12.2

Setting data

331

9.12.2.1

General setting data

331

9.12.2.2

Axis/spindle-specific setting data

331

Appendix

333

A.1

List of abbreviations

333

A.2

Documentation overview

338

Index

339

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Introduction

1.1

About this documentation

This documentation is part of the documentation category of SINUMERIK Function Manuals.

SINUMERIK Function Manuals

The SINUMERIK Function Manuals describe the NC functions of a SINUMERIK control.

The target group are configuring engineers, technologists, commissioning engineers and

programmers.

Each Function Manual covers a specific topic and contains all the function descriptions for this

topic.

The following table shows which Function Manuals are available for your SINUMERIK control and

which topics a Function Manual covers:

Function Manual

Topic

Basic functions

Basic functions of a CNC control

Axes and spindles

Axis and spindle functions, axis couplings

Transformations

Transformation functions

Monitoring and compensating

Axis monitoring and compensation functions, collision avoid-

ance

Tools

Functions for selection, correction and monitoring of tools

Synchronized actions

Functionality of synchronized actions

PLC

Structure and functions of the PLC

Tool management

Function, commissioning and programming of tool manage-

ment

Technologies (for SINUMERIK ONE

Extended technological functionalities

and SINUMERIK 840D sl only)

Overview of contents

You will find an overview of the main chapters of the descriptions of functions that are contained

in a Function Manual on the title page.

Validity

The title page also contains all data about the validity of a document, i.e. for which SINUMERIK

control and for which software version this edition of the Function Manual is valid.

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Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-7GP40-0BA1

Introduction

1.1 About this documentation

System data

In the descriptions of functions, the system data relevant for a function (machine data, setting

data, system variables, interface signals and alarms) are only described with the level of detail

that is strictly necessary to understand the function. You will find detailed information on this

data in the relevant List Manuals and for alarms in the Diagnostics Manual.

PLC blocks

The descriptions of functions often refer to the PLC function blocks (FB) and functions (FC). The

descriptions of these blocks apply to the SINUMERIK 840D sl and can only be applied in part to

other SINUMERIK controls.

Interface signals

In this document, only the absolute address valid for the SINUMERIK 840D sl is used to address

interface signals.

General graphical conventions

Examples

<signal address> (<signal name>)

DB31, ... DBX16.0-2 (actual gear stage A to C)

DB31, ... DBX16.3 (gear is changed)

Note

Quantity structure

Explanations concerning the NC/PLC interface are based on the absolute maximum number of

the following components:

• Mode groups (DB11)

• Channels (DB21, etc.)

• Axes/spindles (DB31, etc.)

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Fundamental safety instructions

2.1

General safety instructions

WARNING

Danger to life if the safety instructions and residual risks are not observed

If the safety instructions and residual risks in the associated hardware documentation are not

observed, accidents involving severe injuries or death can occur.

• Observe the safety instructions given in the hardware documentation.

• Consider the residual risks for the risk evaluation.

WARNING

Malfunctions of the machine as a result of incorrect or changed parameter settings

As a result of incorrect or changed parameterization, machines can malfunction, which in turn

can lead to injuries or death.

• Protect the parameterization against unauthorized access.

• Handle possible malfunctions by taking suitable measures, e.g. emergency stop or

emergency off.

2.2

Warranty and liability for application examples

Application examples are not binding and do not claim to be complete regarding configuration,

equipment or any eventuality which may arise. Application examples do not represent specific

customer solutions, but are only intended to provide support for typical tasks.

As the user you yourself are responsible for ensuring that the products described are operated

correctly. Application examples do not relieve you of your responsibility for safe handling when

using, installing, operating and maintaining the equipment.

2.3

Security information

Siemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the

secure operation of plants, systems, machines and networks.

In order to protect plants, systems, machines and networks against cyber threats, it is necessary

to implement - and continuously maintain - a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial security

concept. Siemens’ products and solutions constitute one element of such a concept.

Customers are responsible for preventing unauthorized access to their plants, systems,

machines and networks. Such systems, machines and components should only be connected to

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Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-7GP40-0BA1

Fundamental safety instructions

2.3 Security information

an enterprise network or the internet if and to the extent such a connection is necessary and only

when appropriate security measures (e.g. firewalls and/or network segmentation) are in place.

For additional information on industrial security measures that may be implemented, please

visit

https://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity https://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity ).

Siemens’ products and solutions undergo continuous development to make them more secure.

Siemens strongly recommends that product updates are applied as soon as they are available

and that the latest product versions are used. Use of product versions that are no longer

supported, and failure to apply the latest updates may increase customer’s exposure to cyber

threats.

To stay informed about product updates, subscribe to the Siemens Industrial Security RSS Feed

under

https://www.siemens.com/industrialsecurity https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/

services/cert.html#Subscriptions).

Further information is provided on the Internet:

Industrial Security Configuration Manual (https://support.industry.siemens.com/cs/ww/en/

view/108862708)

WARNING

Unsafe operating states resulting from software manipulation

Software manipulations, e.g. viruses, Trojans, or worms, can cause unsafe operating states in

your system that may lead to death, serious injury, and property damage.

• Keep the software up to date.

• Incorporate the automation and drive components into a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial

security concept for the installation or machine.

• Make sure that you include all installed products into the holistic industrial security concept.

• Protect files stored on exchangeable storage media from malicious software by with suitable

protection measures, e.g. virus scanners.

• On completion of commissioning, check all security-related settings.

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Function Manual, 10/2020, 6FC5397-7GP40-0BA1

Geometric machine modeling

3.1

Function description

3.1.1

Features

This section describes how the geometry of machine parts can be mapped based on protection

areas and parameterized in the control using system variables for NC functions such as "collision

avoidance".

The system variables are retentively saved in the NC and can be archived and/or read as "NC data"

via SINUMERIK Operate using the commissioning archive.

By assigning a protective area to an element of the kinematic chain described in the previous

section, the position and motion of the machine part can be clearly described within the

machine space.

Note

Graphical editor

As an alternative to writing the system variables in a part program, the machine can be modeled

from the SINUMERIK Operate user interface:

Operating area: "Commissioning" > "NC" > "Machine model"

Changes to the machine model

The direct changes to the machine model at the system variables only become visible at the user

interface after explicitly requesting that the machine model is recalculated by calling

the PROTA() (Page 86) or PROTS() (Page 87) function.

Changes to the machine model made at the user interface are immediately accepted in the

system variables of the NC. The changes only become active after explicitly requesting that the

machine model is recalculated by calling the PROTA() (Page 86) or PROTS() (Page 87) function.

Protection area

The protection areas are the central element when geometrically modeling a machine. The

geometric dimensions of a machine part, its reference to the kinematic chain and additional

general features are described by a protection area.

A protection area has the following parameters:

• Name of the protection area

• Name of the kinematic element to which the protection area is assigned

• Type of the protection area

• Name of the first protection area element

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Geometric machine modeling

3.1 Function description

• Color and transparency of the protection area

• Detail level for the protection area

• Number of NC/PLC interface bits of the protection area

• Initialization status of the protection area

• Address of the geometric data of the machine element to the protected

(only relevant for automatic protection areas)

Each parameter is mapped by a system variable. The individual parameters and/or system

variables are described in detail in Chapter "System variables: Protection areas (Page 27)".

Kinematic chain

The corresponding protection area is assigned to an element of the kinematic chain in order to

map the position and motion of a machine part. The geometric data of the protection area

relates then to the local coordinate system of this kinematic element.

Type of the protection area

The following types of protection areas are available:

• Machine protection areas (type: "MACHINE")

Machine protection areas are used for general machine modeling. They are used to map

stationary and moving machine parts whose geometry is defined once upon commissioning

and no longer changes when the machine is in operation.

• Automatic tool protection areas (type: "TOOL")

Automatic tool protection areas are used to map tools. The geometry of the tool is not

provided directly with this but is produced automatically by the control when the tool is

activated.

See Chapter "Automatic tool protection areas (Page 20)".

Protection area element

Using a protection area element, the geometrical element used is described regarding its

geometrical and general properties.

A protection area element has the following parameters:

• Name of the protection area element

• Name of the following protection area element

• Name of the following protection area element parallel to $NP_NEXT

• Color and transparency of the protection area element

• Detail level for the protection area element

• Usage of the protection area element

• Type of the protection area element

• File name of the STL file that contains the geometric data of the protection area element

(only relevant for type "FILE")

• Geometrical parameters of the protection area body

(only relevant for types, "BOX", "SPHERE" or "CYLINDER")

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Geometric machine modeling

3.1 Function description

• Offset vector of the protection area element local coordinate system

• Direction vector for the rotation of the protection area element local coordinate system

• Angle for the rotation of the protection area element local coordinate system

Each parameter is mapped by a system variable. The individual parameters or system variables

are described in detail in:

• Chapter "System variables: Protection area elements for machine protection areas

(Page 39)"

• Chapter "System variables: Protection area elements for automatic tool protection areas

(Page 61)"

Protection area, protection area elements and kinematic chain

Using an example of a protection area with two protection area elements, the following diagram

shows the interrelationship between the protection area, its protection area elements and the

assignment to an element of the kinematic chain.

.LQHPDWLF FKDLQ

]

[

]

[

*HRPHWULF PDFKLQH PRGHOLQJ

;

0DFKLQH FRRUGLQDWH V\VWHP

:RUOG FRRUGLQDWH V\VWHP

e₁

Kinematic element 1, type "OFFSET", continuous offset

e₂

Kinematic element 2, type "AXIS_LIN", machine axis AX1

s₁

Protection area

se₁

Protection area element 1, type "FRAME", offset

se₂

Protection area element 2, type "BOX"

se₃

Protection area element 3, type "CYLINDER"

Figure 3-1

Protection area, protection area elements and kinematic chain

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Geometric machine modeling

3.1 Function description

3.1.2

Automatic tool protection areas

Unlike machine protection areas whose geometry is defined once during the machine modeling

and then no longer changes, the geometry of a tool protection area can change with every tool

change. As a result the geometry of an automatic tool protection area is not described directly

when the machine model is created, and instead the address (magazine number, magazine

location, etc.) is provided under which the tool data is stored. The following actions are then

carried out automatically by the control.

1. The tool modeling (see "Tool modeling" section below) produces an STL file.

2. A protection area element of the "FILE" type is produced and assigns the STL file.

3. The protection area element is assigned to the protection area (type "TOOL").

Tool definition independent of the tool mounting position

Normally the parameter "$NP_1ST_PROT (Page 31)" remains empty for the definition of a tool

protection area. The name of the protection area element is only entered when the tool is

activated by the control (see above).

In order for there to be a tool definition independently of the tool mounting position, a

protection area element of the "FRAME (Page 46)" type can be assigned via the parameter

"$NP_1ST_PROT" (transformation element). The transformations to align the tool can be carried

out via this additional element. When a tool is activated the name of the internal protection area

element is entered in the parameter "$NP_NEXT (Page 41)" of the transformation element by

the control.

The following rules must be observed:

• The transformation element may only be of the "FRAME" type.

• Only one transformation element may be used for each tool protection area.

• The parameter "$NP_NEXTP" of the transformation element is not evaluated.

Tool reference point

The position of the tool reference point in the machine model is determined by the kinematic

element to which the tool protection area is assigned. In addition the tool reference point can be

offset within the tool protection area by an optional transformation element.

Kinematic transformations

The tool reference point may only be determined via the kinematic chain when defining a

kinematic transformation. Offsets by the transformation element of the tool protection area are

not taken into account.

NOTICE

Determination of the tool reference point for kinematic transformations

Offsets of the tool reference point by the transformation element of the tool protection area are

not taken into account by kinematic transformations.

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Geometric machine modeling

3.1 Function description

Tool modeling

The model of a tool is created by the control heuristically from the tool data. The tool data used

for this (L1, L2, L3, R) is always the the overall dimensions resulting from the individual

components, e.g. length plus wear, as is also entered in the program processing for tool offset.

Programmable tool offsets

Programmable tool offsets such as OFFN (offset to the programmed contour) are not taken into

account as they may change in any block, even without a tool change.

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Geometric machine modeling

3.1 Function description

Tool type-dependent model generation

The following tool types are distinguished for the model generation:

•

Milling tool and all other tools that are neither turning tools or grinding tools

- Modeling

The tool is modeled by a cylinder with the height L1 and radius R. If the length L1 is

negative the absolute value of L1 is used for the cylinder height. The sign L1 is taken into

account when positioning the cylinder in the machine model. The cylinder axis is parallel

to L1.

Tool type 110 (ball end mill cutter) and 111 (face cutter) are modeled using half a sphere

or sphere segments.

If the radius is negative the absolute value of the radius is used. If the value for the radius

is less than 1/3 mm, a radius of 1/3 mm is used.

- Positioning

The cylinder is positioned in the machine model using the tool length components L2 and

L3.

For milling tools (tool type 100 ... 199) and drilling tools (tool type 200 ... 299) on turning

machines, the cylinder is positioned using the cutting edge position.

Precondition: Cutting edge position == 5 ... 8

•

Grinding tools

- Modeling

Grinding tools (grinding wheel, tool type 400 ... 499) are modeled by a cylinder with the

tool length as the radius and double the tool radius as the height.

- Positioning

The cylinder is positioned in the machine model using the tool lengths L1, L2 and L3.

•

Turning tools

In the case of turning tools only the cutting tips are taken into account in the machine model

but not their connection to the tool reference point.

The following data is taken into account when modeling a cutting tip:

- Tool type

- Cutting edge position

- Cutting edge radius

- Clearance angle

- Holder angle

- Cutting tip length

- Cutting tip width

- Tip thickness (assumption: tip thickness = 10% tip length)

Tool model

A tool is modeled as standard with an accuracy of one third of the collision tolerance (Page 77).

The geometric data of the modeled tool is stored in an internal file in STL format:

• Directory: _N_PROT3D_DIR/_N_TOOL_DIR

• Identifiers: Name of the associated protection area with prefix _N_ and ending with _STL

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

The coordinate system of the geometric data always has its origin at the point from which the

tool length offsets point to the tip of the tool.

System variable

All parameters for an automatic tool protection area can be read via System variable (Page 39).

3.2

Commissioning

3.2.1

General

3.2.1.1

Overview

The commissioning of the "Collision avoidance" function is performed using:

• Machine data

- Specifications for the quantity structure of protection areas, protection area elements, NC/

PLC interface signals, triangles for the geometry modelling

- Creation mode of the machine model

- Creation mode for automatic tool protection areas

• System variables

- Parameterization of the protection areas

- Parameterization of the protection area elements of a protection area

3.2.1.2

Structure of the system variables

The system variables are structured according to the following scheme:

• $NP_<name>[<index_1>]

• $NP_<name>[<index_1>, <index_2>]

General

The system variables to describe the protection areas or protection area elements have the

following properties:

• Prefix: $NP_, (N for NC, P for protection).

• They can be read and written via NC programs.

• They can be stored in archives and loaded to the NC again.

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

Data type

STRING

All system variables of the STRING data type have the following properties:

• Maximum string length: 31 characters

• No distinction is made between upper and lower case

Example: "Axis1" is identical to "AXIS1"

• Spaces and special characters are permitted

Example: "Axis1" is not identical to "Axis 1"

• Names that start with two underscores "__" are reserved for system purposes and must not

be used for user-defined names.

Note

Leading space

Since spaces are valid and distinct characters, names that start with a space followed by two

underscores "__" can, in principle, be used for user-defined names. However, because they

can be easily mistaken for system names, this procedure is not recommended.

Index_1

System variables for protection areas

The individual protection areas are addressed via index_1. Index 0 → 1st protection area, index

1 → 2nd protection area, ... m → (m+1) protection area, where m =

($MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREAS - 1)

All system variables of a protection area have the same index.

System variables for protection areas elements

The individual protection area elements are addressed via index_1. Index 0 → 1st protection area

element, index 1 → 2nd protection area element, ... n → (n+1)th protection area element, where

n = ($MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREA_ELEM - 1)

All system variables of a protection area element have the same index.

Index_2

Depending on the respective system variables, index_2 has different meanings.

3.2.1.3

Color chart

The following color chart provides an overview of the RGB color values and the associated colors.

A RGB color value comprises three bytes. One byte per color:

3rd byte

2nd byte

1st byte

Color value for red

Color value for green

Color value for blue

0 - 255_D or 0 - FF_H

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

))

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))))

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))&&

))))

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))))

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))&&

))))

&&&

))&&

&&&

)) &&

)) &&))&&&&

))))&&

))

&&))

))))

&&))

))

))&&))

))))))

))

&&))

))))

&&))

))

&&&&))

&&))))

&&&

))&&

&&&&

&& && &&

&& &&

&&&&&&

&&))&&

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&&&&

&&))

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&&&&

&&))

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&&))

3.2.2

Machine data

3.2.2.1

Maximum number of protection areas

The maximum number of all types of parameterizable protection areas (Page 30) is specified

with the machine data.

MD18890 $MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREAS = <number>

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

3.2.2.2

Maximum number of protection area elements for machine protection areas

The maximum number of parameterizable protection area elements for machine protection

areas is specified using machine data ($NP_PROT_TYPE == "MACHINE" (Page 30)).

MD18892 $MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREA_ELEM = <number>

3.2.2.3

Maximum number of protection area elements for automatic tool protection areas

The maximum number of protection area elements for automatic tool protection areas is

specified with the machine data. For each automatic tool protection area the control precisely

creates one protection area element. As a consequence, using the value parameterized here, the

maximum possible number of parameterizable automatic tool protection areas

($NP_PROT_TYPE == "TOOL" (Page 30)) is also simultaneously defined.

MD18893 $MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_T_PROT_ELEM = <number>

3.2.2.4

Maximum number of NC/PLC interface signals for the preactivation of protection

areas

The machine data communicates to the control the number of NC/PLC interface signals of

interface DB10, DBX234.0 - DBX241.7 actually used (collision avoidance: activate protection

area) with the machine data. The number of interface signals used increases the memory space

required for each part program block. Counting the number of used NC/PLC interface signal

starts at DB10, DBX234.0

MD18897 $MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_INTERFACE_IN = <number>

Further information:

A detailed description of the interface signals is provided in the Function Manual PLC.

3.2.2.5

Maximum number of triangles for machine protection areas

With the machine data, the maximum number of triangles for protection area bodies ($NP_TYPE

== "FILE" (Page 46)) of machine protection areas ($NP_PROT_TYPE == "MACHINE" (Page 30))

to be provided by the control is defined.

MD18895 $MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_FACETS = <number>

3.2.2.6

Maximum number of triangles for automatic tool protection areas

With the machine data, the maximum number of triangles for protection area bodies of

automatic tool protection areas to be provided by the control is defined.

MD18894 $MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_FACETS_INTERN = <number>

The control system automatically models the protection area bodies based on the geometric

data of the tool active at the time of creation. The number of triangles correspondingly increases:

• as the geometric complexity of the tool increases.

• as the parameterized collision tolerance decreases.

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

Note

Protection area bodies and collision tolerance

The protection area bodies of automatic tool protection areas are, as standard, created by the

control with a precision of 1/3 of the collision tolerance (Page 77).

3.2.2.7

Creation mode for automatic tool protection areas

The machine data defines how the control creates protection area bodies of automatic tool

protection areas.

MD18899 $MN_PROT_AREA_TOOL_MASK = <mode>

<Mode>

Bit

Val-

Meaning

Do not apply heuristic model generation

Heuristic model generation using tool data

3.2.3

System variables: Protection areas

3.2.3.1

Overview

A protection area is parameterized with the following system variables:

Name

Meaning

$NP_PROT_NAME

Name of the protection area

$NP_CHAIN_ELEM

Name of the kinematic element to which the protection area is as-

signed

$NP_PROT_TYPE

Type of the protection area

$NP_1ST_PROT

Name of the first protection area element

$NP_PROT_COLOR

Color and transparency of the protection area.

$NP_PROT_D_LEVEL

Detail level for the protection area

$NP_BIT_NO

Number of NC/PLC interface bits of the protection area

$NP_INIT_STAT

Initialization status of the protection area

$NP_INDEX

Address of the geometric data of the machine element to be protected

(only relevant for automatic protection areas)

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

The system variables are described in detail in the following sections.

Note

Establish a defined initial state

It is recommended that a defined initial state be generated before parameterizing the protection

areas. To do this, set the system variables of the protection areas to their default values with the

DELOBJ() function.

Change system variable values

If the value of one of the system variables listed above is changed, the change becomes

immediately visible at the user interface, e.g. SINUMERIK Operate. The machine model of the NC

is only updated after explicitly requesting that the machine model is recalculated by calling

the PROTA() (Page 86) or PROTS() (Page 87) function.

3.2.3.2

$NP_PROT_NAME

Function

Enter the NC-wide unique protection area name in the system variable. The protection area is

referenced via this name, e.g. by a protection area element. The name is also displayed in the

graphical editor of SINUMERIK Operate.

Syntax

$NP_PROT_NAME[<m>] = "<name>"

Meaning

$NP_PROT_NAME:

Name of the protection area

Data type:

STRING

Default value:

"" (empty string)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<name>:

Name of the protection area

Data type:

STRING

Example

The 6th protection area is assigned the name "Spindle":

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_PROT_NAME[5] = "Spindle"

; 6. Protection area,

; name = "Spindle"

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

3.2.3.3

$NP_CHAIN_ELEM

Function

Enter the name of the kinematic element to which the protection area will be connected in the

system variable.

Note

Reference coordinate system

The geometric data of the protection area, starting from the first protection area element

($NP_1ST_PROT (Page 31)), refer to the local coordinate system of the kinematic element, with

which the protection area is connected.

Syntax

$NP_CHAIN_ELEM[<m>] = "<Name>"

Meaning

$NP_CHAIN_ELEM:

Name of the kinematic element to which the protection area will be connected

Data type:

STRING

Default value:

"" (empty string)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Value range:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<name>:

Name of the kinematic element

Data type:

STRING

Value range:

For names parameterized in $NK_NAME, refer to the Function

Manual "Basic Functions", Section "Kinematic chain".

Example

The 6th protection area is connected to the kinematic element with the name "Z axis":

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_CHAIN_ELEM[5] = "Z ax-

; 6. Protection area,

is"

; name of the kin. element: "Z axis"

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3.2.3.4

$NP_PROT_TYPE

Function

The protection area type should be entered in the system variable:

• Machine protection area: "MACHINE"

The protection area body is defined using one or several protection area elements.

$NP_1ST_PROT (Page 31) refers to the first protection area element.

• Automatic tool protection area: "TOOL"

The control calculates the dimensions of the protection area body from the tool data.

$NP_INDEX (Page 37) refers to the tool.

• Workholder protection area: "FIXTURE"

• Workpiece protection area: "WORKPIECE"

Syntax

$NP_PROT_TYPE[<m>] = "<type>"

Meaning

$NP_PROT_TYPE:

Type of the protection area

Data type:

STRING

Range of values:

"MACHINE", "TOOL", "FIXTURE", "WORKPIECE"

Default value:

"" (empty string)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<Type>:

Type

Data type:

STRING

Example

The 6th protection area is a machine protection area:

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_PROT_TYPE[5] = "MACHINE"

; 6. Protection area,

; type = "MACHINE"

Monitoring and compensating

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3.2.3.5

$NP_1ST_PROT

Function

Enter the name of the first protection area element (Page 40) in the system variable.

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Syntax

$NP_1ST_PROT[<m>] = "<name>"

Meaning

$NP_1ST_PROT:

Name of the first protection area element of the protection area

Data type:

STRING

Range of values:

Names parameterized in $NP_NAME (Page 40)

Default value:

"" (empty string)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<name>:

Protection area name

Data type:

STRING

Automatic tool protection areas, $NP_PROT_TYPE == "TOOL"

For automatic tool protection areas, only the following values are permissible for

$NP_1ST_PROT:

• "" (empty string)

• Name of a protection area element, type "FRAME"

Behavior for value == "" (empty string)

When activating the associated tool, the control creates a protection area element for the tool

with a unique, internal name and protection area body generated from the geometric data of the

tool. The name is assigned system variable $NP_1ST_PROT.

• Protection area "TOOL" : $NP_1ST_PROT = "<internal name>"

The coordinates of the tool protection area refer to the local coordinate system of the kinematic

element to which it is assigned.

Monitoring and compensating

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Behavior for value == name of a protection area element, type "FRAME"

When activating the associated tool, the control creates a protection area element for the tool

with a unique, internal name and protection area body generated from the geometric data of the

tool. The name is assigned a system variable $NP_NEXT of the protection area element, type

"FRAME", to which $NP_1ST_PROT refers.

• Protection area "TOOL" : $NP_1ST_PROT = "WKZ_Frame" →

- Protection area element "WKZ_Frame" : $NP_NEXT = "<internal name>"

The coordinates of the tool protection area refer to the local coordinate system of the protection

area element, type "FRAME".

Possible applications: Tool definition independent of the position where it is mounted on the

machine.

Example

The 1st protection area element which makes up the 6th protection area has the name "Spindle

head":

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_1ST_PROT[5] = "Spindle head"

; 6. Protection area,

; 1. Protection area element =

"spindle box"

3.2.3.6

$NP_PROT_COLOR

Function

Enter the protection area element-specific value for alpha/transparency and color (ARGB) in the

system variable. This value is used for the display of the protection area or protection area

element on the user interface. If a separate value is entered for a protection area element

in $NP_COLOR (Page 43), this is used for the display of the protection area element.

Structure

Alpha/transparency and color are specified as a double word in hexadecimal format:

AARRGGBB_H

•

1. - 3. Byte: RGB color value. See Chapter "Color chart (Page 24)".

•

4. Byte: Alpha channel or transparency value

Byte

Meaning

Range of values

Blue

0 - 255_D or 0 - FF_H

Green

Red

Alpha channel or transparency ¹⁾

1) 0 = transparent or not visible, 255_D = FF_H = not transparent or filled

Monitoring and compensating

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Syntax

$NP_PROT_COLOR[<m>] = <value>

Meaning

$NP_PROT_COLOR:

Alpha/transparency and color value of the protection area

Data type:

DWORD

Range of values:

00000000_H - FFFFFFFF_H

Default value:

0000000_H (black, not visible)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<value>:

Transparency and color value

Data type:

DWORD

Example

The 6th protection area is to be displayed half transparent and in a green-blue color on the user

interface:

• AA = 7F_H = 127_D ≙ 50% transparency

• RR (red) = 00 ≙ no red component

• GG (green) = FF_H = 255_D ≙ 100% green color component

• BB (blue) = 33_H = 51_D ≙ 20% blue color component

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_PROT_COLOR[5] = 'H7F00FF33'

; 6. Protection area,

; alpha/transparency and color

value = H7F00FF33

3.2.3.7

$NP_PROT_D_LEVEL

Function

The detail level as of which the protection area or the protection area elements are displayed on

the user interface is specified via the system variable. If a separate value is entered for a

protection area element in $NP_D_LEVEL (Page 44), this is used for the display of the protection

area element.

Detail level

• Lowest detail level: 0

• Highest detail level: 3

If the detail level x is selected for the display on the HMI, all protection areas and protection area

elements are displayed for which the following applies for the detail level D: D ≤ x

Monitoring and compensating

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3.2 Commissioning

Syntax

$NP_PROT_D_LEVEL[<m>] = <value>

Meaning

$NP_PROT_D_LEVEL:

Detail level for the protection area

Data type:

INT

Range of val-

0 ≤ D ≤ 3

ues:

Default value:

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of val-

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

ues:

<value>:

Detail level

Data type:

INT

Example

The 6th protection area is to be displayed as of detail level 3:

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_PROT_D_LEVEL[5] = 3

; 6. Protection area,

; detail level = 3

3.2.3.8

$NP_BIT_NO

Function

Enter the bit number (0, 1, 2,

63) of the NC/PLC interface signal with which the protection

area is to be connected in system variable $NP_BIT_NO. If the protection area is not to be

connected to an NC/PLC interface signal, enter the value -1.

NC/PLC interface

Activation / deactivation of the protection area can be requested via NC/PLC interface signals

from the PLC user program or this can be used for feedback on the current status to the PLC user

program:

• Requirement: DB10, DBX234.0 - DBX241.7

• Feedback: DB10, DBX226.0 - DBX233.7

Requirement

The status of the protection area must be "preactivated" or "PLC-controlled" in order that the

assigned NC/PLC interface signal of the protection area is taken into account:

$NP_INIT_STAT (Page 36) == "P" (preactivated or PLC-controlled)

Monitoring and compensating

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3.2 Commissioning

Syntax

$NP_BIT_NO[<m>] = <bit number>

Meaning

$NP_BIT_NO:

Bit number of the interface signal to activate/deactivate the protection area

Data type:

INT

Value range:

-1, 0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_INTERFACE_IN - 1)

Default value:

-1 (no interface signal selected)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Value range:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_3D_MAXNUM_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<Bit number>:

Bit number (0, 1, 2, ... 63) of the 64-bit interface

Data type:

INT

Example

The 6th protection area is assigned to the 18th bit of interface (DB10.DBX236.1):

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_BIT_NO[5] = 17

; 6. Protection area,

; DB10.DBX236.1

Assignment: Bit number to the interface signal

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

DBX234.0

DBX226.0

DBX235.0

DBX227.0

DBX236.0

DBX228.0

DBX237.0

DBX229.0

DBX234.1

DBX226.1

DBX235.1

DBX227.1

DBX236.1

DBX228.1

DBX237.1

DBX229.1

DBX234.2

DBX226.2

DBX235.2

DBX227.2

DBX236.2

DBX228.2

DBX237.2

DBX229.2

DBX234.3

DBX226.3

DBX235.3

DBX227.3

DBX236.3

DBX228.3

DBX237.3

DBX229.3

DBX234.4

DBX226.4

DBX235.4

DBX227.4

DBX236.4

DBX228.4

DBX237.4

DBX229.4

DBX234.5

DBX226.5

DBX235.5

DBX227.5

DBX236.5

DBX228.5

DBX237.5

DBX229.5

DBX234.6

DBX226.6

DBX235.6

DBX227.6

DBX236.6

DBX228.6

DBX237.6

DBX229.6

DBX234.7

DBX226.7

DBX235.7

DBX227.7

DBX236.7

DBX228.7

DBX237.7

DBX229.7

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

DBX238.0

DBX230.0

DBX239.0

DBX231.0

DBX240.0

DBX232.0

DBX241.0

DBX233.0

DBX238.1

DBX230.1

DBX239.1

DBX231.1

DBX240.1

DBX232.1

DBX241.1

DBX233.1

DBX238.2

DBX230.2

DBX239.2

DBX231.2

DBX240.2

DBX232.2

DBX241.2

DBX233.2

Monitoring and compensating

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Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

Bit

DB10

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

→

(PLC →

(NC →

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

NC)

PLC)

DBX238.3

DBX230.3

DBX239.3

DBX231.3

DBX240.3

DBX232.3

DBX241.3

DBX233.3

DBX238.4

DBX230.4

DBX239.4

DBX231.4

DBX240.4

DBX232.4

DBX241.4

DBX233.4

DBX238.5

DBX230.5

DBX239.5

DBX231.5

DBX240.5

DBX232.5

DBX241.5

DBX233.5

DBX238.6

DBX230.6

DBX239.6

DBX231.6

DBX240.6

DBX232.6

DBX241.6

DBX233.6

DBX238.7

DBX230.7

DBX239.7

DBX231.7

DBX240.7

DBX232.7

DBX241.7

DBX233.7

Further information

A detailed description of the interface signals is provided in the Function Manual PLC.

3.2.3.9

$NP_INIT_STAT

Function

Enter the protection area initialization status in the system variable.

The status of a protection area is set to the parameterized initialization status in the following

situations:

• When the control ramps up

• When calling the PROTA (Page 86) function after the protection area has been recreated

during operation by writing the protection-area-specific system variables

• When calling the PROTA (Page 86) function with parameter "R"

• When calling the PROTS (Page 87) function with parameter "R"

Syntax

$NP_INIT_STAT[<m>] = "<status>"

Meaning

$NP_INIT_STAT:

Initialization status of the protection area

Data type:

STRING

Range of values:

"A", "a", "I", "i", "P", "p"

Value

Protection area status

"A"or "a"

Activated

"I"or "i"

Inactive

"P"or "p"

Preactivated or PLC-controlled¹⁾

Default value:

"I" (inactive)

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREAS - 1)

Monitoring and compensating

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

<Status>:

Initialization status

Data type:

STRING

1) The activation/deactivation is performed via: DB10.DBX234.0 - DBX241.7

Example

The initialization status of the 6th protection area is set to "P" (preactivated or PLC-controlled):

Program code

Comment

N100 $NP_INIT_STAT[5] = "P"

; 6. Protection area,

; initialization status = "P"

The current status depends on the state of the interface signal parameterized in $NP_BIT_NO

(Page 34).

3.2.3.10

$NP_INDEX

Function

For automatic protection areas ($NP_PROT_TYPE (Page 30)), the address, under which the

geometric data of the machine part, tool, etc. to be protected is saved, should be entered in the

system variable. The control then automatically creates the geometrical dimensions of the

protection area from the geometric data.

Example

For example, for an automatic tool protection area ($NP_PROT_TYPE == "TOOL") the geometrical

dimensions of the protection area are created based on the tool data.

Syntax

$NP_INDEX[<m>,<i>] = <value>

Meaning

$NP_INDEX:

Address of the geometric data for the automatic protection areas

Data type:

INT[ 3 ]

<m>:

System variable or protection area index

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2, ... ($MN_MM_MAXNUM_3D_PROT_AREAS - 1)

<i>:

Index

The meaning of the system variables $NP_INDEX[<m>,<i>], with i = 0, 1, 2, ... is

dependent on the type ($NP_PROT_TYPE) of the automatic protection area. See

type-specific tables.

Data type:

INT

Range of values:

0, 1, 2

Monitoring and compensating

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Geometric machine modeling

3.2 Commissioning

<value>:

Address

Data type:

INT

Type: Automatic tool protection area ($NP_PROT_TYPE == "TOOL")

<i>

<value>

When tool management is active

Without tool management

Circular magazine: Tool location number

Spindle number

No circular magazine: Spindle number

Magazine number

---

TOA area ¹⁾

1) TOA area "1" can be addressed with 0 as well as also with 1.

Example

The 6th protection area is an automatic tool protection area ($NP_PROT_TYPE == "TOOL"). The

geometrical dimensions of the protection area should be generated from the geometric data of

the tool at the following tool location:

• Tool location number: 1

• Magazine number: 9998 (spindle 1)

• TOA area: 1

Tool management is active.

Program code

Comment

; The dimensions of the 6th protection area are based on the tool data

; of the tool located at the following position:

N100 $NP_INDEX[5,0] = 1

; Tool location number = 1

N110 $NP_INDEX[5,1] = 9998

; magazine number = 9998 (spin-

dle 1)

N120 $NP_INDEX[5,2] = 1

; TOA area = 1

SINUMERIK 840D sl. Service - Functions. Manual (2018-2020) - page 44