Toyota T100 (1998 year). Instruction - part 10
T100(U)
CAUTION
D The total trailer weight
(trailer
weight plus its cargo load) must
not exceed the following. Exceeding
this weight is dangerous. If towing
a trailer over 907 kg (2000 lb.), it is
necessary to use a sway control
device with a sufficient capacity.
Two-wheel drive models
3RZ−FE engine
1814 kg (4000 lb.)
5VZ−FE engine
2359 kg (5200 lb.)
Four wheel drive models
2268 kg (5000 lb.)
D The gross vehicle weight must not
D The trailer cargo load should be
D The gross combination weight (sum
exceed the Gross Vehicle Weight
distributed so that the tongue load
of your vehicle weight plus its load
Rating
(GVWR) indicated on the
is
9 to
11% of the total trailer
and the total trailer weight) must
Certification Label. The gross ve-
weight, not exceeding the maximum
not exceed the following.
hicle weight is the sum of weights
of the following:
Two-wheel drive models
of the unloaded vehicle, driver, pas-
Two-wheel drive models
sengers, luggage, hitch and trailer
3RZ−FE engine
3629 kg
(8000 lb.)
3RZ−FE engine
181 kg (400 lb.)
tongue load. It also includes the
5VZ−FE engine
4173 kg (9200 lb.)
5VZ−FE engine
236 kg (520 lb.)
weight of any special equipment
Four wheel drive models
Four wheel drive models
installed on your vehicle.
4309 kg
(9500 lb.)
226 kg (500 lb.)
D The load on either the front or rear
axle resulting from distribution of
the gross vehicle weight on both
axles must not exceed the Gross
Axle Weight Rating
(GAWR) listed
on the Certification Label.
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T100(U)
D Toyota recommends that the trailer
However, if towing with a fifth wheel
hitch, except fifth wheel hitch, be re-
CAUTION
trailer, the cargo load must be distrib-
moved when not towing to prevent inju-
uted so that the tongue load is 19 to
D If the total trailer weight exceeds
ry and/or damage by the hitch in event
21% of the total trailer weight. Never
453 kg (1000 lb.), trailer brakes are
of a rear end collision. After removing
load the trailer with more weight in
the hitch, the installation area should
required.
the back than in the front. About 60%
be sealed to prevent entry of exhaust
D Never tap into your vehicle’s hy-
of the trailer load should be in the
fumes and mud.
draulic system as it would lower its
front half of the trailer and the re-
braking effectiveness.
maining 40% in the rear.
NOTICE
D Never tow a trailer without using a
Do not use an axle-mounting hitch as
safety chain securely attached to
HITCHES
both the trailer and the vehicle. If
it may cause damage to the axle
D Use only a weight carrying hitch de-
housing, wheel bearings, wheels and/
damage occurs to the coupling unit
signed for the total trailer weight.
or tires.
or hitch ball, there is danger of the
Toyota does not recommend using a
trailer wandering over into another
weight distribution
(load equalizing)
lane.
BRAKES AND SAFETY CHAINS
hitch.
D Toyota recommends trailers with brakes
D The hitch must be bolted securely to
TIRES
that conform to any applicable federal
the vehicle frame and installed accord-
and state/provincial regulations.
D Ensure that your vehicle’s tires are
ing to the hitch manufacturer’s instruc-
properly inflated. See Chapter
7−2 for
D A safety chain must always be used
tions.
instructions.
between the towing vehicle and the
D If using a fifth wheel hitch, the center
trailer. Leave sufficient slack in the
D The trailer tires should be inflated to
of the king pin must be forward of the
chain for turns. The chain should cross
the pressure recommended by the trail-
axis of the vehicle’s rear wheels, and
under the trailer tongue to prevent the
er manufacturer in respect to the total
installed according to the manufactur-
tongue from dropping to the ground in
trailer weight.
er’s instructions.
case it becomes damaged or sepa-
D The hitch ball and king pin should have
rated. For correct safety chain proce-
a light coat of grease.
dures, follow the hitch or trailer
manufacturer’s recommendations.
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T100(U)
TRAILER LIGHTS
PRE-TOWING SAFETY CHECK
D Backing with a trailer is difficult and
requires practice. Grip the bottom of
D Trailer lights must comply with federal,
D Check that your vehicle remains level
the steering wheel and move your hand
state/provincial and local regulations.
when a loaded or unloaded trailer is
to the left to move the trailer to the
See your local recreational vehicle
hitched. Do not drive if the vehicle has
left. Move your hand to the right to
dealer or rental agency for the correct
an abnormal nose-up or nose-down
move the trailer to the right.
(This pro-
type of wiring and relays for your trail-
condition, and check for improper
cedure is generally opposite to that
er. Check for correct operation of the
tongue load, overload, worn suspension
when backing without a trailer). Also,
turn signals and stop lights each time
or other possible causes.
just turn the steering wheel a little at
you hitch up. Direct splicing may dam-
D Make sure the trailer cargo is securely
a time, avoiding sharp or prolonged
age your vehicle’s electrical system
loaded so that it cannot shift.
turning. Have someone guide you when
and cause a malfunction of your lights.
D Check that your rear view mirrors con-
backing to reduce the risk of an acci-
BREAK-IN SCHEDULE
form to any applicable federal, state/
dent.
D Toyota recommends that you do not
provincial or local regulation. If not,
D Because stopping distance may be in-
tow a trailer with a new vehicle or a
install the rear view mirrors required
creased, vehicle-to-vehicle distance
vehicle with any new power train com-
for towing purpose.
should be increased when towing a
ponent
(engine, transmission, differen-
TRAILER TOWING TIPS
trailer. For each
16 km/h (10 mph) of
tial, wheel bearing, etc.) for the first
speed, allow at least one vehicle and
When towing a trailer, your vehicle will
800 km (500 miles) of driving.
trailer length between you and the ve-
handle differently than when not tow-
MAINTENANCE
hicle ahead. Avoid sudden braking as
ing. The three main causes of vehicle-
you may skid, resulting in jackknifing
D If you tow a trailer, your vehicle will
trailer accidents are driver error, exces-
and loss of control. This is especially
require more frequent maintenance due
sive speed and improper trailer loading.
true on wet or slippery surfaces.
to the additional load. For this informa-
Keep these in mind when towing:
tion, please refer to the scheduled
D Avoid jerky starts or sudden accelera-
D Before starting out, check operation of
maintenance information in the
”Own-
tion. If your vehicle has a manual
the lights and all vehicle-trailer connec-
er’s Manual Supplement/Maintenance
transmission, prevent excessive clutch
tions. After driving a short distance,
Schedule”.
slippage by keeping engine rpm low
stop and recheck the lights and con-
and not racing the engine. Always start
D Retighten all fixing bolts of the towing
nections. Before actually towing a trail-
out in first gear.
ball and bracket after approximately
er, practice turning, stopping and back-
1000 km (600 miles) of trailer driving.
ing with a trailer in an area away from
traffic until you learn the feel.
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T100(U)
D Avoid jerky steering and sharp turns.
D Be careful when passing other ve-
2. Have someone place wheel blocks
The trailer could hit your vehicle in a
hicles. Passing requires considerable
under both the vehicle and trailer
tight turn. Slow down before making a
distance. After passing a vehicle, do
wheels.
turn to avoid the necessity of sudden
not forget the length of your trailer and
3. When the wheel blocks are in place,
braking.
be sure you have plenty of room be-
release your brakes slowly until the
fore changing lanes.
D Remember that when making a turn,
blocks absorb the load.
the trailer wheels will be closer than
D In order to maintain engine braking effi-
4. Apply the parking brake firmly.
the vehicle wheels to the inside of the
ciency, do not use fifth gear
(manual
5. Shift into first or reverse
(manual)
turn. Therefore, compensate for this by
transmission) or overdrive
(automatic
or
”P”
(automatic) and turn off the
making a larger than normal turning
transmission).
engine.
radius with your vehicle.
D Because of the added load of the trail-
When restarting out after parking on a
D Crosswinds and rough roads will ad-
er, your vehicle’s engine may overheat
slope:
versely affect handling of your vehicle
on hot days
(at temperatures over
and trailer, causing sway. Pay attention
30°C [85°F]) when going up a long or
1. With the transmission in ”P” position
to the rear from time to time to pre-
steep grade with a trailer. If the engine
(automatic) or the clutch pedal de-
pare yourself for being passed by large
coolant temperature gauge indicates
pressed
(manual), start the engine.
trucks or buses, which may cause your
overheating, immediately turn off the air
(With an automatic transmission, be
vehicle and trailer to sway. If swaying
conditioning (if in use), pull off the road
sure to keep the brake pedal de-
happens, firmly grip the steering wheel
and stop in a safe spot. Refer to
”If
pressed.)
and reduce speed immediately but
your vehicle overheats” in Part
4 of
2. Shift into gear.
gradually. Never increase speed. Steer
this manual.
3. Release the parking brake (also foot
straight ahead. If you make no extreme
D Always place wheel blocks under both
brake on automatic transmission ve-
correction with the steering or brakes,
the vehicle and trailer wheels when
hicles) and slowly pull or back away
the vehicle and trailer will stabilize.
parking. Apply the parking brake firmly.
from the wheel blocks. Stop and ap-
Put the transmission in
”P”
(automatic)
ply your brakes.
or in first or reverse
(manual). Avoid
4. Have someone retrieve the blocks.
parking on a slope with a trailer, but
if it cannot be avoided, do so only
after performing the following:
1. Apply the brakes and hold.
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T100(U)
How to save fuel and make
your vehicle last longer, too
Getting more kilometers/mileage from a
D Avoid continuous speeding up and
CAUTION
liter/gallon of fuel is easy-just take it
slowing down. Stop-and-go driving
easy. It will help make your vehicle last
wastes fuel.
D Do not exceed 72 km/h (45 mph) or
longer, too. Here are some specific tips
D Avoid unnecessary stopping and
the posted towing speed limit,
on how to save money on both fuel and
braking. Maintain a steady pace. Try
whichever is lower. Because insta-
repairs:
to time the traffic signals so you only
bility
(swaying) of a towing vehicle-
D Keep your tires inflated at the cor-
need to stop as little as possible or
trailer
combination usually in-
rect pressure. Underinflation causes
take advantage of through streets to
creases as the speed increases, ex-
tire wear and wastes fuel. See Chapter
avoid traffic lights. Keep a proper dis-
ceeding
72 km/h
(45 mph) may
7−2 for instructions.
tance from other vehicles to avoid sud-
cause loss of control.
den braking. This will also reduce wear
D Do not carry unneeded weight in
D Slow down and downshift before
on your brakes.
your vehicle. Excess weight puts a
descending steep or long downhill
heavier load on the engine, causing
D Avoid heavy traffic or traffic jams
grades. Do not make sudden down-
greater fuel consumption.
whenever possible.
shifts.
D Avoid lengthy warm-up idling. Once
D Do not rest your foot on the clutch
D Avoid holding the brake pedal down
the engine is running smoothly, begin
or brake pedal. This causes needless
too long or too frequently. This
driving—but gently. Remember, howev-
wear, overheating and poor fuel econo-
could cause the brakes to overheat
er, that on cold winter days this may
my.
and result in reduced braking effi-
take a little longer.
ciency.
D Maintain a moderate speed on high-
D Accelerate slowly and smoothly.
ways. The faster you drive, the greater
Avoid jackrabbit starts. Get into high
the fuel consumption. By reducing your
gear as quickly as possible.
speed, you will cut down on fuel con-
sumption.
D Avoid long engine idling. If you have
a long wait and you are not in traffic,
D Keep the front wheels in proper
it is better to turn off the engine and
alignment. Avoid hitting the curb and
start again later.
slow down on rough roads. Improper
alignment not only causes faster tire
D Avoid engine lug or overrevving. Use
wear but also puts an extra load on
a gear position suitable for the road on
the engine, which, in turn, wastes fuel.
which you are travelling.
139
T100(U)
D Keep the bottom of your vehicle free
from mud, etc. This not only lessens
weight but also helps prevent corro-
sion.
D Keep your vehicle tuned-up and in
top shape. A dirty air cleaner, carbure-
tor out of adjustment, improper valve
clearance, dirty plugs, dirty oil and
grease, brakes not adjusted, etc. all
lower engine performance and contrib-
ute to poor fuel economy. For longer
life of all parts and lower operating
costs, keep all maintenance work on
schedule, and if you often drive under
severe conditions, see that your vehicle
receives more frequent maintenance
(For scheduled maintenance informa-
tion, please refer to the separate ”Own-
er’s Manual Supplement/Maintenance
Schedule”).
CAUTION
Never turn off the engine to coast
down hills. Your power steering and
brake booster will not function with-
out the engine running. Also, the
emission control system operates
properly only when the engine is run-
ning.
140
T100(U)
If your vehicle will not start—
(a) Simple checks
Part 4
Before making these checks, make sure
If the engine turns over at its normal
IN CASE OF
you have followed the correct starting pro-
speed but will not start-
cedure given in ”How to start the engine”
1.
Check that all the push-on connectors
AN EMERGENCY
in Part 3 and that you have sufficient fuel.
are tight.
(For example, connections at
If the engine is not turning over or is
the spark plugs, ignition coil and/or dis-
D If your vehicle will not start
turning over too slowly—
tributor)
D If your engine stalls while
1. Check that the battery terminals are
2.
If the connectors are O.K., the engine
driving
tight and clean.
may be flooded because of repeated
cranking. See
”(b) Starting a flooded
2. If the battery terminals are O.K., switch
D If your vehicle overheats
engine” for further instructions.
on the interior light.
D If you have a flat tire
3. If the light is out, dim or goes out
D If your vehicle needs to be
when the starter is cranked, the battery
is discharged. You may try jump start-
towed
ing. See ”(c) Jump starting” for further
D If you lose your keys
instructions.
If the light is O.K., but the engine still will
not start, it needs adjustment or repair.
Call a Toyota dealer or qualified repair
shop.
NOTICE
Do not pull- or push-start the vehicle.
It may damage the vehicle or cause
a collision when the engine starts.
Also the three-way catalytic converter
may overheat and become a fire haz-
ard.
141
T100(U)
(b) Starting a flooded engine
(c) Jump starting
If the engine will not start, your engine
To avoid serious personal injury and
may be flooded because of repeated
damage to your vehicle which might re-
D The gas normally produced by a
battery will explode if a flame or
cranking.
sult from battery explosion, acid burns,
spark is brought near. Use only
electrical burns, or damaged electronic
Turn the key to ”START” with the acceler-
standardized jumper cables and do
components, these instructions must be
ator pedal held down. Keep the key and
followed precisely.
not smoke or light a match while
accelerator pedal so for
15 seconds and
jump starting.
release them. Then try starting the engine
If you are unsure about how to follow this
with your foot off the accelerator pedal.
procedure, we strongly recommend that
you seek the help of a competent me-
If the engine does not start after
15 se-
NOTICE
chanic or towing service.
conds of cranking, release the key, wait
The battery used for boosting must
a few minutes and try again.
CAUTION
be 12 V. Do not jump start unless you
If the engine still will not start, it needs
are sure that the booster battery is
adjustment or repair. Call a Toyota dealer
D Batteries contain sulfuric acid
correct.
or qualified repair shop for assistance.
which is poisonous and corrosive.
Wear protective safety glasses when
JUMP STARTING PROCEDURE
NOTICE
jump starting, and avoid spilling
1. If the booster battery is installed in
Do not crank for more than
30 se-
acid on your skin, clothing, or ve-
another vehicle, make sure the vehicles
conds at a time. This may overheat
hicle.
are not touching. Turn off all unneces-
the starter and wiring systems.
D If you should accidentally get acid
sary lights and accessories.
on yourself or in your eyes, remove
2. If required, remove all the vent plugs
any contaminated clothing and flush
from the booster and discharged batter-
the affected area with water imme-
ies. Lay a cloth over the open vents
diately. Then get immediate medical
on the batteries. (This helps reduce the
attention. If possible, continue to
explosion hazard, personal injuries and
apply water with a sponge or cloth
burns.)
while en route to the medical office.
142
T100(U)
3. If the engine in the vehicle with the
booster battery is not running, start it
and let it run for a few minutes. During
jump starting, run the engine at about
2000 rpm with the accelerator pedal
lightly depressed.
4. Make the cable connections in the or-
c. Connect the clamp of the negative
der a, b, c, d.
(black) jumper cable to the negative (-)
terminal on the booster battery.
a. Connect the clamp of the positive (red)
jumper cable to the positive
(+) termi-
d. Connect the clamp at the other end of
nal on the discharged battery.
the negative
(black) jumper cable to a
solid, stationary, unpainted, metallic
b. Connect the clamp at the other end of
point of the vehicle with the discharged
the positive
(red) jumper cable to the
battery.
positive
(+) terminal on the booster
battery.
The recommended connecting points are
shown in the following illustrations:
143
T100(U)
If your engine stalls while driv-
Do not connect the cable to or near any
ing
part that moves when the engine is
If your engine stalls while driving...
cranked.
1. Reduce your speed gradually, keeping
a straight line. Move cautiously off the
CAUTION
road to a safe place.
When making the connections, to
2. Turn on your emergency flashers.
avoid serious injury, do not lean over
3. Try starting the engine again.
the battery or accidentally let the
If the engine will not start, see
”If your
jumper cables or clamps touch any-
vehicle will not start”.
thing except the correct battery termi-
nals or the ground.
CAUTION
5. Start your engine in the normal way.
If the engine is not running, the pow-
After starting, run it at about
2000 rpm
er assist for the brakes and steering
for several minutes with the accelerator
will not work so steering and braking
pedal lightly depressed.
will be much harder than usual.
6. Carefully disconnect the cables in the
exact reverse order: the negative cable
and then the positive cable.
7. Carefully dispose of the battery cover
cloths-they may now contain sulfuric
acid.
8. If removed, replace all the battery vent
plugs.
If the cause of your battery discharging is
not apparent
(for example, lights left on),
you should have it checked.
144
T100(U)
If your vehicle overheats
If
your engine coolant temperature
3. Visually check to see if the engine
gauge indicates overheating, if you ex-
drive belt
(fan belt) is broken or loose.
CAUTION
perience a loss of power, or if you hear
Look for obvious coolant leaks from the
Do not attempt to remove the radiator
a loud knocking or pinging noise, the
radiator, hoses, and under the vehicle.
cap when the engine and radiator are
engine has probably over-heated. You
However, note that water draining from
should follow this procedure...
the air conditioning is normal if it has
hot. Serious injury could result from
been used.
scalding hot fluid and steam blown
1. Pull safely off the road, stop the ve-
out under pressure.
hicle and turn on your emergency
flashers. Put the transmission in
”P”
CAUTION
(automatic) or neutral (manual) and ap-
7. After the engine coolant temperature
ply the parking brake. Turn off the air
When the engine is running, keep
has cooled to normal, again check the
conditioning if it is being used.
hands and clothing away from the
coolant level in the reservoir. If neces-
moving fan and engine drive belts.
sary, bring it up to half full again. Seri-
2. If coolant or steam is boiling out of the
ous coolant loss indicates a leak in the
radiator or reservoir, stop the engine.
system. You should have it checked as
Wait until the steam subsides before
4. If the engine drive belt is broken or the
soon as possible at your Toyota dealer.
opening the hood. If there is no coolant
coolant is leaking, stop the engine im-
mediately. Call a Toyota dealer for as-
boiling over or steam, leave the engine
running.
sistance.
5. If the engine drive belt is O.K. and
CAUTION
there are no obvious leaks, you may
help the engine cool down more quickly
To help avoid personal injury, keep
by running it at about
1500 rpm for a
the hood closed until there is no
few minutes with the accelerator pedal
steam. Escaping steam or coolant is
lightly depressed.
a sign of very high pressure.
6. Check the coolant reservoir. If it is dry,
add coolant to the reservoir while the
engine is running. Fill it about half full.
145
T100(U)
If you have a flat tire—
1. Reduce your speed gradually, keeping
D Stop the vehicle on a level firm
NOTICE
a straight line. Move cautiously off the
ground, firmly set the parking brake
road to a safe place well away from
Do not continue driving with a de-
and put the transmission in
“P”
the traffic. Avoid stopping on the center
flated tire. Driving even a short dis-
(automatic) or reverse
(manual).
divider of a highway. Park on a level
tance can damage a tire beyond re-
spot with firm ground.
Block the wheel diagonally opposite
pair.
to the one being changed if neces-
2. Stop the engine and turn on your
sary.
emergency flashers.
D Make sure to set the jack properly
3. Firmly set the parking brake and put
in the jack point. Raising the ve-
the transmission in
”P”
(automatic) or
hicle with jack improperly posi-
reverse
(manual).
tioned will damage the vehicle or
4. Have everyone get out of the vehicle
may allow the vehicle to fall off the
on the side away from traffic.
jack and cause personal injury.
5. Read the following instructions thor-
D Never get under the vehicle when
oughly.
the vehicle is supported by the jack
alone.
CAUTION
D Use the jack only for lifting your
vehicle during wheel changing.
When jacking, be sure to observe the
D Do not raise the vehicle with some-
following to reduce the possibility of
one in the vehicle.
personal injury:
D When raising the vehicle, do not
D Follow jacking instructions.
put an object on or under the jack.
D Do not start or run the engine while
D Raise the vehicle only high enough
your vehicle is supported by the
to remove and change the tire.
jack.
146
T100(U)
—Required tools and spare
tire
(normal-cab models)
1. Get the jack, jack handle and wheel
When removing the jack, turn the joint by
To remove the spare tire:
nut wrench.
hand towards the CONTRACT direction
1. Insert the end of the jack handle into
until the jack is free. When storing, turn
To prepare yourself for an emergency, you
the lowering screw and turn it counter-
the joint by hand towards the EXPAND
should familiarize yourself with the use of
clockwise.
direction until the jack is firmly secured to
the jack, each of the tools and their stor-
2. After the tire is lowered completely to
prevent it from flying forward during a
age locations.
the ground, remove the holding brack-
collision or sudden braking.
et.
When storing the spare tire, put it in place
with the outer side of the wheel facing up.
Then secure the tire, taking care that the
tire goes straight up without catching on
any other part, to prevent it from flying
forward during a collision or sudden brak-
ing.
147
T100(U)
—Required tools and
spare tire
(Xtra-cab models)
1. Get the jack and tool bag.
When removing the jack, turn the joint by
To remove the spare tire:
hand towards the CONTRACT direction
To prepare yourself for an emergency, you
1. Insert the end of the jack handle exten-
until the jack is free. When storing, turn
should familiarize yourself with the use of
sion into the lowering screw and turn
the joint by hand towards the EXPAND
the jack, each of the tools and their stor-
it
counterclockwise with the handle,
direction until the jack is firmly secured to
age locations.
making sure the handle remains firmly
prevent it from flying forward during a
fitted onto the jack handle extension.
collision or sudden braking.
2. After the tire is lowered completely to
the ground, remove the holding brack-
et.
When storing the spare tire, put it in place
with the outer side of the wheel facing up.
Then secure the tire, taking care that the
tire goes straight up without catching on
any other part, to prevent it from flying
forward during a collision or sudden brak-
ing.
148
T100(U)
—Blocking the wheel
—Removing wheel ornament
2. Block the wheel diagonally opposite
3. Remove the wheel ornament.
the flat tire to keep the vehicle from
Pry off the wheel ornament, using the
rolling when it is jacked up.
beveled end of the wheel nut wrench as
When blocking the wheel, place a wheel
shown.
block from the front for the front wheels
or from the rear for the rear wheels.
CAUTION
Do not try to pull off the ornament by
hand. Take due care in handling the
ornament to avoid unexpected person-
al injury.
149