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Toyota T100 (1998 year). Instruction - part 9

T100(U)

Facts about engine oil

Engine exhaust cautions

consumption

FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OIL

CAUTION

D To allow proper operation of your

Engine oil has the primary functions of

vehicle’s ventilation system, keep

lubricating and cooling the inside of the

D Avoid inhaling the engine exhaust.

the inlet grilles in front of the wind-

engine, and plays a major role in main-

It contains carbon monoxide, which

shield clear of snow, leaves, or oth-

taining the engine in proper working order.

is a colorless and odorless gas. It

er obstructions.

can cause unconsciousness or even

ENGINE OIL CONSUMPTION

D If you smell exhaust fumes in the

death.

vehicle, drive with the windows

It is normal that an engine should con-

D Make sure the exhaust system has

open. Have the cause immediately

sume some engine oil during normal

no holes or loose connections. The

located and corrected.

engine operation. The causes of oil

system should be checked from

consumption in a normal engine are as

D Toyota does not recommend occu-

time to time. If you hit something,

follows.

pying the rear cargo area when it

or notice a change in the sound of

is fitted with a slide-in camper,

D Oil is used to lubricate pistons, piston

the exhaust, have the system

camper shell or other type cover

rings and cylinders. A thin film of oil

checked immediately.

while the engine is running. This

is left on the cylinder wall when a pis-

D Do not run the engine in a garage

caution applies to both driving and

ton moves downwards in the cylinder.

or enclosed area except for the

stopped or parked situations with

High negative pressure generated when

time needed to drive the vehicle in

the engine running. Particular care

the vehicle is decelerating sucks some

or out. The exhaust gases cannot

should be taken to prevent exhaust

of this oil into the combustion chamber.

escape, making this a particularly

gases from entering camper bodies,

This oil as well as some part of the oil

dangerous situation.

trailers or other enclosures on or

film left on the cylinder wall is burned

around your vehicle. If exhaust

by the high temperature combustion

D Do not remain for a long time in a

fumes are detected, open all win-

gases during the combustion process.

parked vehicle with the engine run-

dows and thoroughly ventilate the

ning. If it is unavoidable, however,

area.

do so only in an unconfined area

and adjust the heating or cooling

system to force outside air into the

vehicle.

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T100(U)

Twin ground electrode spark

plugs (5VZ−FE engine)

D Oil is also used to lubricate the stems

The diluting ingredients evaporate out

of the intake valves. Some of this oil

when the vehicle is then driven at high

is sucked into the combustion chamber

speeds, as on an expressway, making it

together with the intake air and is

appear that oil is excessively consumed

burned along with the fuel. High tem-

after driving at high speeds.

perature exhaust gases also burn the

IMPORTANCE OF ENGINE OIL LEVEL

oil used to lubricate the exhaust valve

CHECK

stems.

One of the most important points in prop-

The amount of engine oil consumed de-

er vehicle maintenance is to keep the en-

pends on the viscosity of the oil, the

gine oil at the optimum level so that oil

quality of the oil and the conditions the

function will not be impaired. Therefore, it

vehicle is driven under.

is essential that the oil level be checked

More oil is consumed by high-speed driv-

regularly. Toyota recommends that the oil

ing and frequent acceleration and decel-

level be checked every time you refuel

Your engine is fitted with twin ground

eration.

the vehicle.

electrode spark plugs.

A new engine consumes more oil, since

NOTICE

its pistons, piston rings and cylinder walls

NOTICE

have not become conditioned.

Failure to check the oil level regularly

Use only twin ground electrode spark

When judging the amount of oil con-

could lead to serious engine trouble

plugs for your engine performance.

sumption, note that the oil may become

due to insufficient oil.

diluted and make it difficult to judge

the true level accurately.

For detailed information on oil level check,

As an example, if a vehicle is used for

see

”Checking the engine oil level” in

repeated short trips, and consumes a nor-

Chapter 7−2.

mal amount of oil, the dipstick may not

show any drop in the oil level at all, even

after

1000 km (600 miles) or more. This

is because the oil is gradually becoming

diluted with fuel or moisture, making it

appear that the oil level has not changed.

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T100(U)

Brake system

TANDEM MASTER CYLINDER BRAKE

You may hear a sound in the engine

SYSTEM

CAUTION

compartment for a few seconds when the

engine is started or just after the vehicle

The tandem master cylinder brake system

D Do not pump the brake pedal if the

is started. This means that the anti-lock

is a hydraulic system with two separate

engine stalls. Each push on the

brake system is in the self check mode,

sub-systems. If either sub-system should

pedal uses up your vacuum reserve.

and does not indicate a malfunction.

fail, the other will still work. However, the

D Even if the power assist is com-

pedal will be harder to press, and your

Effective way to press the ”ABS” brake

pletely lost, the brakes will still

stopping distance will be longer. Also, the

pedal: When the anti−lock brake system

work. But you will have to push the

brake system warning light may come on.

function is in action, you may feel the

pedal hard—much harder than nor-

brake pedal pulsating and hear a noise.

mal. And your braking distance will

CAUTION

In this situation, to let the anti−lock

be longer.

brake system work for you, just hold

Do not drive your vehicle with only a

the brake pedal down more firmly. Do

single brake system. Have your

ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM

(with

not pump the brake. This will result in

brakes fixed immediately.

”ABS” warning light)

reduced braking performance.

The anti-lock brake system is designed to

The brake pedal pulsation caused by the

BRAKE BOOSTER

automatically help prevent lock−up of the

anti-lock brake system may indicate haz-

wheels during sudden braking or braking

The brake booster uses engine vacuum to

ardous road surface conditions. Although

on slippery road surfaces. This assists in

power-assist the brakes. If the engine

the anti-lock brake system assists in pro-

providing directional stability and steering

should quit while you are driving, you can

viding vehicle control, it is still important

performance of the vehicle under these

bring the vehicle to a stop with normal

to drive with all due care, because the

circumstances.

pedal pressure. There is enough reserve

anti-lock brake system cannot overcome

vacuum for one or two stops-but no more!

The anti-lock brake system becomes op-

the laws of physics that act on your ve-

erative after the vehicle has accelerated

hicle:

to a speed in excess of approximately 10

D Braking capability is dependent on tire

km/h (6 mph). It stops operating when the

friction with the road surface.

vehicle decelerates to a speed below

approximately

5 km/h (3 mph).

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T100(U)

D Even though the anti-lock brake system

Even if the anti-lock brake system should

is operating, a driver cannot maintain

fail, the brake system will still operate

full control on certain slippery road sur-

conventionally. However, when the

”ABS”

faces, when cornering at high speeds,

warning light is on (and the brake system

or in violent maneuvers.

warning light is off), the anti−lock brake

system is not assisting brake performance

D Avoid high speeds on wet roads. The

so that the wheels can lock−up during

anti-lock brake system cannot eliminate

sudden braking or braking on slippery

the risk of hydroplaning and loss of tire

road surfaces. Have your vehicle checked

friction.

by your Toyota dealer as soon as pos-

Always maintain a safe distance from the

sible.

vehicle in front of you. Compared with

vehicles not fitted with an anti-lock brake

system, your vehicle may require a longer

stopping distance in the following cases:

”ABS” warning light

D Driving on rough, gravel or snow-cov-

This light comes on when the ignition key

ered roads.

is turned to the

”ON” position. After about

D Driving with tire chains installed.

3 seconds, the light will go off.

D Driving on roads where the road sur-

If either of the following conditions occurs,

face is pitted or has other differences

this indicates a malfunction somewhere in

in surface height.

the parts monitored by the warning light

system. Contact your Toyota dealer as

CAUTION

soon as possible to service the vehicle.

D The light does not come on as de-

Do not use tires other than the

scribed above, or remains on.

manufacturer’s designated tires, and

D The light comes on while driving.

do not mix tires or wheels of differ-

ent sizes. You may prevent the anti-

lock brake system from operating at

full effectiveness.

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T100(U)

Brake pad wear limit indicators

Luggage stowage precautions

When stowing luggage or cargo in the

vehicle, observe the following:

D Do not drive with objects left on

top of the instrument panel. They

D Put luggage or cargo in the rear deck

may interfere with the driver’s field

when at all possible. Be sure all items

of view. Or they may move during

are secured in place.

sharp vehicle acceleration or turn-

D Be careful to keep the vehicle bal-

ing, and impair the driver’s control

anced. Locating the weight as far for-

of the vehicle. In an accident they

ward as possible helps maintain bal-

may injure the vehicle occupants.

ance.

D For better fuel economy, do not carry

NOTICE

unneeded weight.

Do not load the vehicle beyond the

CAUTION

cargo weight rating given in Part 8.

The brake pad wear limit indicators on

your disc brakes give a warning noise

D To prevent luggage or packages

when the brake pads are worn to where

from sliding forward during braking,

replacement is required.

do not stack anything behind the

front seats higher than the seat-

If you hear a squealing or scraping noise

backs (Xtra-cab models). Keep lug-

while driving, have the brake pads

gage or packages low, as close to

checked and replaced by your Toyota

the floor as possible.

dealer as soon as possible. Expensive ro-

tor damage can result if the pads are not

D Never allow anyone to ride in the

replaced when necessary.

rear deck. It is not designed for

passengers. They should ride in

their seats with wearing their seat

belts. Otherwise, they are much

more likely to suffer serious bodily

injury, in the event of sudden brak-

ing or a collision.

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T100(U)

Your Toyota’s identification

The vehicle identification number

(VIN)

The engine number is stamped on the

is the legal identifier for your vehicle.

engine block as shown.

This number is on the left top of the

instrument panel, and can be seen

through the windshield from outside.

The vehicle identification number

(VIN) is

also on the Certification Label.

This is the primary identification number

for your Toyota. It is used in registering

the ownership of your vehicle.

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T100(U)

Theft prevention labels

(except for Canada)

Suspension and chassis

Your new vehicle carries theft preven-

tion labels which are approximately

56

CAUTION

mm (2.20 in.) by 16 mm (0.63 in.).

Do not modify the suspension/chassis

The purpose of these labels is to reduce

with lift kits, spacers, springs, etc. It

the incidence of vehicle thefts by facilitat-

can cause dangerous handling charac-

ing the tracing and recovery of parts from

teristics, resulting in loss of control.

stolen vehicles. The label is designed so

that once it is applied to a surface, any

attempt to remove it will result in destroy-

ing the integrity of the label. Transferring

these labels intact from one part to anoth-

er, will be impossible.

NOTICE

You should not attempt to remove the

theft prevention labels as it may vio-

late certain state or federal laws.

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T100(U)

Types of tires

Determine what kind of tires your ve-

hicle is originally equipped with.

CAUTION

1. Summer tires

D Do not mix summer and all season

Summer tires are high-speed capability

tires on your vehicle as this can

tires best suited to highway driving under

cause dangerous handling charac-

dry conditions.

teristics, resulting in loss of con-

Since summer tires do not have the same

trol.

traction performance as snow tires, sum-

D Do not use tire other than the

mer tires are inadequate for driving on

manufacture’s designated tires, and

snow-covered or icy roads. For driving on

never mix tires or wheels of the

snow-covered or icy roads, we recommend

sizes different from the originals.

using snow tires. If installing snow tires,

be sure to replace all four tires.

2. All season tires

All season tires are designed to provide

better traction in snow and to be adequate

for driving in most winter conditions, as

well as for use all year round.

All season tires, however, do not have

adequate traction performance compared

with snow tires in heavy or loose snow.

Also, all season tires fall short in accel-

eration

and

handling

performance

compared with summer tires in highway

driving.

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T100(U)

D Four-wheel drive models-Toyota recom-

mends not using four-wheel drive on

D To drive down a long or steep hill,

D Do not continue normal driving

reduce your speed and downshift.

when the brakes are wet. If they are

dry hard-surfaced roads, because four-

Remember, if you ride the brakes

wet, your vehicle will require a

wheel driving will cause unnecessary

excessively, they may overheat and

longer stopping distance, and it

noise and wear, and poor fuel econo-

my.

not work properly.

may pull to one side when the

brakes are applied. Also, the park-

D Be careful when accelerating, up-

D Four-wheel drive models-In cold tem-

ing brake will not hold the vehicle

shifting, downshifting or braking on

peratures, noise may occur when driv-

securely.

a slippery surface. Sudden accelera-

ing in two-wheel drive before the trans-

fer is warmed up. Therefore, first drive

tion or engine braking, could cause

in four-wheel drive until the transfer is

the vehicle to spin or skid.

warmed up.

D Do not drive in excess of the speed

limit. Even if the legal speed limit

CAUTION

permits it, do not drive over

140

km/h (85 mph) unless your vehicle

D Before driving off, make sure the

has high-speed capability tires.

parking brake is fully released and

Driving over 140 km/h (85 mph) may

the parking brake reminder light is

result in tire failure, loss of control

off.

and possible injury. Be sure to con-

sult a tire dealer to determine

D Do not leave your vehicle unat-

whether the tires on your vehicle

tended while the engine is running.

are high-speed capability tires or

D Do not rest your foot on the brake

not before driving at such speeds.

pedal while driving. It can cause

dangerous overheating, needless

wear, and poor fuel economy.

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T100(U)

Off-road driving precautions

(four-wheel drive models only)

When driving your vehicle off-road, please

observe the following precautions to en-

CAUTION

D The driver and all passengers

should fasten their seat belts when-

sure your driving enjoyment and to help

Always observe the following precau-

ever the vehicle is moving.

prevent the closure of areas to off-road

tions to minimize the risk of serious

vehicles.

personal injury or damage to your ve-

a. Drive your vehicle only in areas where

hicle:

off-road vehicles are permitted to travel.

D Drive carefully when off the road. Do

b. Respect private property. Get owner’s

not take unnecessary risks by driving

permission before entering private prop-

in dangerous places.

erty.

D Do not grip the steering wheel spokes

c. Do not enter areas that are closed.

when driving off-road. A bad bump

Honor gates, barriers and signs that

could jerk the wheel and injure your

restrict travel.

hands. Keep both hands and especially

d. Stay on established roads. When condi-

your thumbs on the outside of the rim.

tions are wet, driving techniques should

D Always check your brakes for effective-

be changed or travel delayed to pre-

ness immediately after driving in sand,

vent damage to roads.

mud, water or snow.

For owners in U.S. mainland, Hawaii and

D After driving through tall grass, mud,

Puerto Rico:

rock, sand, rivers, etc., check that there

To obtain additional information pertaining

is no grass, bush, paper, rags, stone, sand,

to driving your vehicle off-road, consult

etc. adhering or trapped on the under-

the following organizations.

body. Clear off any such matter from

the underbody. If the vehicle is used

D State and Local Parks and Recreation

with these materials trapped or adhered

Departments

to the underbody, a breakdown or fire

D State Motor Vehicle Bureau

could occur.

D Recreational Vehicle Clubs

D U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of

Land Management

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T100(U)

Winter driving tips

Make sure you have ethylene-glycol an-

NOTICE

z Always perform a maintenance in-

tifreeze in the radiator.

spection after each day of off-road

z If driving through water, such as

driving that has taken you through

NOTICE

when crossing shallow streams,

rough terrain, sand, mud, or water.

first check the depth of the water

For scheduled maintenance informa-

Do not use alcohol type antifreeze.

and the bottom of the river bed for

tion, refer to the separate ”Owner’s

firmness. Drive slowly and avoid

Manual

Supplement/Maintenance

Check the condition of the battery and

deep water.

Schedule”.

cables.

z Take all necessary safety measures

Cold temperatures reduce the capacity of

to ensure that

any battery, so it must be in top shape

damage to the engine or other com-

to provide enough power for winter start-

ponents does not occur.

ing. Chapter 7−3 tells you how to visually

Water entering the engine air intake

inspect the battery. Your Toyota dealer

will cause severe engine damage.

and most service stations will be pleased

Water can wash the grease from

to check the level of charge.

wheel bearings, causing rusting and

Make sure the engine oil viscosity is

premature failure, and may also en-

suitable for the cold weather.

ter the differentials, transmission

See Chapter 7−2 for recommended viscos-

and transfer case, reducing the gear

ity. Leaving a heavy summer oil in your

oil’s lubricating qualities.

vehicle during winter months may cause

z Sand and mud that has accumulated

harder starting. If you are not sure about

in brake drums and around brake

which oil to use, call your Toyota dealer-

discs may affect braking efficiency

he will be pleased to help.

and may damage brake system com-

Keep the door locks from freezing.

ponents.

Squirt lock de-icer or glycerine into the

locks to keep them from freezing. To open

a frozen lock, try heating the key before

inserting it.

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