SsangYong Actyon Sports II. Manual - part 169

14-12

OVM Tools

Location

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Valve insert

Spare tire

Jack (pantograph jack)

Wheel wrench

Jack connection

Driver (+, -)

Spanner

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

14-13

4170-09

Structure of Tire

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Tread

This thick layer of rubber provides the interface between the tire and the road. Wear-resistant rubber is 

used to protect the carcass and belt against fractures and impacts and to deliver a long driving life.

Shoulder

Located between the tread and sidewall, the shoulder rubber is the thickest so that the design must 

allow for the easy diffusion of heat generated within the tire while driving.

Sidewall

The part between the shoulder and bead, the flexible sidewall protects the carcass and enhances the 
ride. A tire’s type, size, structure, pattern, manufacturing company, product name and various 

characters are indicated here.

Bead

The bead attaches the tire to the rim and wraps the end of the cord fabric. Comprised of the bead wire, 

core, flipper and other parts, the bead is generally designed to be slightly tight around the rim so that in 

the case of a sudden drop in inflation pressure, the tire will not fall off the rim.

Carcass

As the most important framework of a tire, the entire inner layer of cord fabric is called the carcass. The 

carcass acts to support air pressure, vertical load and absorb shocks.

14-14

 Tire Unit Indication

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Tire Inflation Pressure (32 psi)

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Proper inflation

pressure

Excessive inflation pressure

Low inflation

pressure

Aspect ratio (%)

= Nominal section height (H) / Nominal section 

width (W)

X 100

The contact area between the 

ground and tire faces the tread 

layer completely. Thus the 

driving force and the braking 

force are optimized, and the tire 

is worn out evenly resulting in 

increased life.

The contact area between the 

ground and tire is not enough, 

so the tire is worn out unevenly 

and the tire is vulnerability to 

outside influence.

The contact area between the 

ground and tire is excessive, so 

a lot of heat is generated and 

the tire is worn out unevenly 

and abnormally.

Tread width

Tread width

Tread width

14-15

4170-09

During driving, the rotating tire repeats deformation and restoring movement in is tread. This happens 

when the tire pressure is low in high speed driving. 

However, when the wheel rotating speed is fast, the tire is deformed even before it is restored to its 

original shape and the trembling wave appears on the tread portion. If this symptom lasts for an 

extended period of time, the tire can be blown out in a short period of time.  

If the standing wave symptom occurs on the tire, rubber on the tread comes off and eventually the tire 

can be blown out which is very dangerous. When driving at high speed, the inflation pressure should be 

increased to decrease heat generation due to extension and contraction motion, to decrease 

hydroplaning and to prevent standing wave. 

To prevent this symptom, it is recommended to increase the tire pressure 10 ~ 30 % higher than the 

specified pressure value in high speed driving. 

Specified tire inflation pressure

32psi

2. ABNORMAL TIRE SYMPTOM

Standing Wave

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