Opel Frontera UE. Manual - part 910

 

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Opel Frontera UE. Manual - part 910

 

 

6E2–26

6VD1 3.2L ENGINE DRIVEABILITY AND EMISSIONS

(“Check Engine” lamp).  Small leaks in the exhaust
system near the post catalyst oxygen sensor can also
cause the MIL (“Check Engine” lamp) to turn on.
Aftermarket electronics, such as transceiver, stereos,
and anti-theft devices, may radiate EMI into the control
system if they are improperly installed.  This may cause a
false sensor reading and turn on the MIL (“Check Engine”
lamp).

Environment

Temporary environmental conditions, such as localized
flooding, will have an effect on the vehicle ignition system.
If the ignition system is rain-soaked, it can temporarily
cause engine misfire and turn on the MIL (“Check Engine”
lamp).

Emissions Control Information Label

The engine compartment “Vehicle Emissions Control
Information Label” contains important emission
specifications and setting procedures.  In the upper left
corner is exhaust emission information. There is also an
illustrated emission components and vacuum hose
schematic.
This label is located in the engine compartment of every
vehicle.  If the label has been removed it should be
replaced.  It can be ordered from Isuzu Dealer ship.

Maitenance Schedule

Refer to the 

Maintenance Schedule.

Visual/Physical Engine Compartment
Inspection

Perform a careful  visual and physical engine
compartment inspection when performing any diagnostic
procedure or diagnosing the cause of an emission test
failure.  This can often lead to repairing a problem without
further steps.  Use the following guidelines when
performing a visual/physical inspection:

D

Inspect all vacuum hoses for pinches, cuts,
disconnections, and proper routing.

D

Inspect hoses that are difficult to see behind other
components.

D

Inspect all wires in the engine compartment for proper
connections, burned or chafed spots, pinched wires,
contact with sharp edges or contact with hot exhaust
manifolds or pipes.

Basic Knowledge of Tools Required

NOTE: Lack of basic knowledge of this powertrain when
performing diagnostic procedures could result in an
incorrect diagnosis or damage to powertrain
components.  Do not attempt to diagnose a powertrain
problem without this basic knowledge.

A basic understanding of hand tools is necessary to effec-
tively use this section of the Service Manual.

Seral Data Communications

Class II Serial Data Communications

Government regulations require that all vehicle
manufacturers establish a common communication
system.  This vehicle utilizes the “Class II”
communication system.  Each bit of information can have
one of two lengths: long or short.  This allows vehicle
wiring to be reduced by transmitting and receiving
multiple signals over a single wire.  The messages carried
on Class II data streams are also prioritized.  If two
messages attempt to establish communications on the
data line at the same time, only the message with higher
priority will continue.  The device with the lower priority
message must wait.  The most significant result of this
regulation is that it provides Tech 2 manufacturers with
the capability to access data from any make or model
vehicle that is sold.
The data displayed on the other Tech 2 will appear the
same, with some exceptions.  Some scan tools will only
be able to display certain vehicle parameters as values
that are a coded representation of the true or actual value.
For more information on this system of coding, refer to
Decimal/Binary/Hexadecimal Conversions. On this
vehicle the Tech 2 displays the actual values for vehicle
parameters.  It will not be necessary to perform any
conversions from coded values to actual values.

On-Board Diagnostic (OBD)

On-Board Diagnostic Tests

A diagnostic test is a series of steps, the result of which is
a pass or fail reported to the diagnostic executive.  When
a diagnostic test reports a pass result, the diagnostic
executive records the following data:

D

The diagnostic test has been completed since the last
ignition cycle.

D

The diagnostic test has passed during the current
ignition cycle.

D

The fault identified by the diagnostic test is not
currently active.

When a diagnostic test reports a fail result, the diagnostic
executive records the following data:

D

The diagnostic test has been completed since the last
ignition cycle.

D

The fault identified by the diagnostic test is currently
active.

D

The fault has been active during this ignition cycle.

D

The operating conditions at the time of the failure.

Remember, a fuel trim DTC may be triggered by a list of
vehicle faults. Make use of all information available (other
DTCs stored, rich or lean condition, etc.) when
diagnosing a fuel trim fault.

6E2–27

6VD1 3.2L ENGINE DRIVEABILITY AND EMISSIONS

Comprehensive Component Monitor
Diagnostic Operation

Input Components:
Input components are monitored for circuit continuity and
out-of-range values.  This includes rationality checking.
Rationality checking refers to indicating a fault when the
signal from a sensor does not seem reasonable,
i.e.Throttle Position (TP) sensor that indicates high
throttle position at low engine loads or MAP voltage. Input
components may include, but are not limited to the
following sensors:

D

Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS)

D

Crankshaft Position (CKP) Sensor

D

Knock Sensor (KS)

D

Throttle Position (TP) Sensor

D

Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor

D

Camshaft Position (CMP) Sensor

D

Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor

D

Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor

In addition to the circuit continuity and rationality check
the ECT sensor is monitored for its ability to achieve a
steady state temperature to enable closed loop fuel
control.

Output Components:
Output components are diagnosed for proper response to
control module commands.  Components where
functional monitoring is not feasible will be monitored for
circuit continuity and out-of-range values if applicable.
Output components to be monitored include, but are not
limited to, the following circuit:

D

Idle Air Control (IAC) Motor

D

Control module controlled EVAP Canister Purge
Valve

D

Electronic Transmission controls

D

A/C relays

D

VSS output

D

MIL control

Refer to PCM and Sensors in General Descriptions.

Passive and Active Diagnostic Tests
A passive test is a diagnostic test which simply monitors a
vehicle system or component. Conversely, an active test,
actually takes some sort of action when performing
diagnostic functions, often in response to a failed passive
test. For example, the EGR diagnostic active test will
force the EGR valve open during closed throttle decel
and/or force the EGR valve closed during a steady state.
Either action should result in a change in manifold
pressure.

Intrusive Diagnostic Tests
This is any on-board test run by the Diagnostic
Management System which may have an effect on
vehicle performance or emission levels.

Warm-Up Cycle
A warm-up cycle means that engine at temperature must
reach a minimum of 70

°

C (160

°

F) 

and rise at least 22

°

C

(40

°

F) over the course of a trip.

Freeze Frame
Freeze Frame is an element of the Diagnostic
Management System which stores various vehicle
information at the moment an emissions-related fault is
stored in memory and when the MIL is commanded on.
These data can help to identify the cause of a fault. Refer
to 

Storing And Erasing Freeze Fame Data for more

detailed information.

Failure Records
Failure Records data is an enhancement of the OBD II
Freeze Frame feature.Failure Records store the same
vehicle information as does Freeze Frame, but it will store
that information for any fault which is stored in on-board
memory, while Freeze Frame stores information only for
emission-related faults that command the MIL on.

Common OBD Terms

Diagnostic
When used as a noun, the word diagnostic refers to any
on-board test run by the vehicle’s Diagnostic
Management System. A diagnostic is simply a test run on
a system or component to determine if the system or
component is operating according to specification. There
are many diagnostics, shown in the following list:

D

Oxygen sensors

D

Oxygen sensor heaters

D

EGR

Enable Criteria
The term “enable criteria” is engineering language for the
conditions necessary for a given diagnostic test to run.
Each diagnostic has a specific list of conditions which
must be met before the diagnostic will run. “Enable
criteria” is another way of saying “conditions required”.
The enable criteria for each diagnostic is listed on the first
page of the DTC description in Section 6E under the
heading “Conditions for Setting the DTC”. Enable criteria
varies with each diagnostic, and typically includes, but is
not limited to the following items:

D

engine speed

D

vehicle speed

D

ECT

D

MAF/MAP

D

barometric pressure

D

IAT

D

TP

D

TCC enabled

D

A/C on

6E2–28

6VD1 3.2L ENGINE DRIVEABILITY AND EMISSIONS

Trip
Technically, a trip is a key on-run-key off cycle in which all
the enable criteria for a given diagnostic are met, allowing
the diagnostic to run. Unfortunately, this concept is not
quite that simple. A trip is official when all the enable
criteria for a given diagnostic are met. But because the
enable criteria vary from one diagnostic to another, the
definition of trip varies as well. Some diagnostic are run
when the vehicle is at operating temperature, some when
the vehicle first starts up; some require that the vehicle be
cruising at a steady highway speed, some run only when
the vehicle is idle; some diagnostics function with the
TCC disables. Some run only immediately following a
cold engine start-up.
A trip then, is defined as a key on-run-key off cycle in
which the vehicle was operated in such a way as to satisfy
the enabling criteria for a given diagnostic, and this
diagnostic will consider this cycle to be one trip. However,
another diagnostic with a different set of enable criteria
(which were not met) during this driving event, would not
consider it a trip. No trip will occur for that particular
diagnostic until the vehicle is driven in such a way as to
meet all the enable criteria.

The Diagnostic Executive

The Diagnostic Executive is a unique segment of
software which is  designed to coordinate and prioritize
the diagnostic procedures as well as define the protocol
for recording and displaying their results.  The main
responsibilities of the Diagnostic Executive are listed as
follows:

D

Commanding the MIL (“Check Engine” lamp) on and
off

D

DTC logging and clearing

D

Freeze Frame data for the first emission related DTC
recorded

D

Non-emission related Service Lamp (future)

D

Operating conditions Failure Records buffer, (the
number of records will vary)

D

Current status information on each diagnostic

D

System Status (I/M ready)

The Diagnostic Executive records DTCs and turns on the
MIL when emission-related faults occur.  It can also turn
off the MIL if the conditions cease which caused the DTC
to set.

Diagnostic Information
The diagnostic charts and functional checks are designed
to locate a faulty circuit or component through a process
of logical decisions.  The charts are prepared with the
requirement that the vehicle functioned correctly at the
time of assembly and that there are no multiple faults
present.

There is a continuous self-diagnosis on certain control
functions.  This diagnostic capability is complemented by
the diagnostic procedures contained in this manual.  The
language of communicating the source of the malfunction
is a system of diagnostic trouble codes. When a
malfunction is detected by the control module, a
diagnostic trouble code is set and the Malfunction
Indicator Lamp (MIL) (“Check Engine” lamp) is
illuminated.

Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
The Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) looks the same as
the MIL you are already familiar with (“Check Engine”
lamp).  However, OBD requires that it illuminate under a
strict set of guide lines.
Basically, the MIL is turned on when the PCM detects a
DTC that will impact the vehicle emissions.
The MIL is under the control of the Diagnostic Executive.
The MIL will be turned on if an emissions-related
diagnostic test indicates a malfunction has occurred.  It
will stay on until the system or component passes the
same test, for three consecutive trips, with no emission
srelated faults.

Extinguishing the MIL
When the MIL is on, the Diagnostic Executive will turn off
the MIL after 

three(3) consecutive trips that a “test

passed” has been reported for the diagnostic test that
originally caused the MIL to illuminate.
Although the MIL has been turned off, the DTC will remain
in the PCM memory (both Freeze Frame and Failure
Records) until 

forty(40) warm-up cycles after no faults

have been completed.
If the MIL was set by either a fuel trim or misfire-related
DTC, additional requirements must be met.  In addition to
the requirements stated in the previous paragraph, these
requirements are as follows:

D

The diagnostic tests that are passed must occur with
375 RPM of the RPM data stored at the time the last
test failed.

D

Plus or minus ten (10) percent of the engine load that
was stored at the time the last failed.

D

Similar engine temperature conditions (warmed up or
warming up ) as those stored at the time the last test
failed.

Meeting these requirements ensures that the fault which
turned on the MIL has been corrected.
The  MIL (“Check Engine” lamp) is on the instrument
panel and has the following functions:

D

It informs the driver that a fault that affects vehicle
emission levels has occurred and that the vehicle
should be taken for service as soon as possible.

D

As a bulb and system check, the MIL will come “ON”
with the key “ON” and the engine not running.  When
the engine is started, the MIL will turn “OFF.”

D

When the MIL remains “ON” while the engine is
running, or when a malfunction is suspected due to a
driveability or emissions problem, a Powertrain
On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Check must be
performed.  The procedures for these checks are
given in On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Check.
These checks will expose faults which may not be
detected if other diagnostics are performed first.

6E2–29

6VD1 3.2L ENGINE DRIVEABILITY AND EMISSIONS

DTC Types

Each DTC is directly related to a diagnostic test.  The
Diagnostic Management System sets DTC based on the
failure of the tests during a trip or trips.  Certain tests must
fail two (2) consecutive trips before the DTC is set.  The
following are the four (4) types of DTCs and the
characteristics of those codes:

D

Type A

D

Emissions related

D

Requests illumination of the MIL of the first trip with a
fail

D

Stores a History DTC on the first trip with a fail

D

Stores a Freeze Frame (if empty)

D

Stores a Fail Record

D

Updates the Fail Record each time the diagnostic
test fails

D

Type B

D

Emissions related

D

“Armed” after one (1) trip with a fail

D

“Disarmed” after one (1) trip with a pass

D

Requests illumination of the MIL on the 

second

consecutive trip with a fail

D

Stores a History DTC on the second consecutive trip
with a fail (The DTC will be armed after the first fail)

D

Stores a Freeze Frame on the second consecutive
trip with a fail (if empty)

D

Stores a Fail Record when the first test fails (not
dependent on 

consecutive trip fails)

D

Updates the Fail Record each time the diagnostic
test fails

(Some special conditions apply to misfire and fuel trim
DTCs)

D

Type C (if the vehicle is so equipped)

D

Non-Emissions related

D

Requests illumination of the Service Lamp or the
service message on the Drive Information Center
(DIC) on the 

first trip with a fail

D

Stores a History DTC on the

first trip with a fail 

D

Does not store a Freeze Frame

D

Stores Fail Record when test fails

D

Updates the Fail Record each time the diagnostic
test fails

D

Type D (

Type D non-emissions related are not utilized

on certain vehicle applications).

D

Non-Emissions related

D

Dose not request illumination of any lamp

D

Stores a History DTC on the 

first trip with a fail

D

Does not store a Freeze Frame

D

Stores Fail Record when test fails

D

Updates the Fail Record each time the diagnostic
test fails

Only four Fail Records can be stored.  Each Fail Record
is for a different DTC. It is possible that there will not be
Fail Records for every DTC if multiple DTCs are set.

Storing and Erasing Freeze Frame Data and Failure
Records
Government regulations require that engine operating
conditions be captured whenever the MIL is illuminated.
The data captured is called Freeze Frame data.  The
Freeze Frame data is very similar to a single record of
operating conditions.  Whenever the MIL is illuminated,
the corresponding record of operating conditions is
recorded to the Freeze Frame buffer.
Freeze Frame data can only be overwritten with data
associated with a misfire or fuel trim malfunction.  Data
from these faults take precedence over data associated
with any other fault.  The Freeze Frame data will not be
erased unless the associated history DTC is cleared.
Each time a diagnostic test reports a failure, the current
engine operating conditions are recorded in the 

Failure

Records buffer.  A subsequent failure will update the
recorded operating conditions.  The following operating
conditions for the diagnostic test which failed 

typically

include the following parameters:

D

Air Fuel Ratio

D

Air Flow Rate

D

Engine Speed

D

Engine Load

D

Engine Coolant Temperature

D

Vehicle Speed

D

TP

D

MAP/BARO

D

Injector Base Pulse Width

D

Loop Status

Intermittent Malfunction Indicator Lamp
In the case of an “intermittent” fault, the MIL (“Check
Engine” lamp) may illuminate and then (after three trips)
go “OFF”. However, the corresponding diagnostic trouble
code will be stored in the memory.  When unexpected
diagnostic trouble codes appear, check for an intermittent
malfunction.
A diagnostic trouble code may reset.  Consult the
“Diagnostic Aids” associated with the diagnostic trouble
code.  A physical inspection of the applicable sub–system
most often will resolve the problem.

Data Link Connector (DLC)
The provision for communication with the contorl module
is the Data Link Connector (DLC).  It is located at the
lower left of the instrument panel.  The DLC is used to
connect to the Tech 2 Scan Tool.  Some common uses of
the Tech 2 are listed below:

D

Identifying stored Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs).

D

Clearing DTCs.

D

Performing out put control tests.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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