below the LOWER LEVEL indicator, there is
the danger that explosions may occur, so add
water to the battery until the electrolyte level
is between the LOWER LEVEL and UPPER
LEVEL indications.

• If too much water is added to make the level

rise above the UPPER LEVEL indication, the
electrolyte may leak out, so adjust so that the
electrolyte level is between the LOWER
LEVEL and UPPER LEVEL indications.

1. Check that the battery electrolyte level is between

the UPPER LEVEL and LOWER LEVEL
indications.

2. Use a specific gravity meter and a thermometer to

measure the specific gravity.

Standard value: 1.220

− 1.290 (electrolyte

temperature 20

°C)

3. The specific gravity of the battery electrolyte

changes according to the temperature, so the
specific gravity when the electrolyte is at a
temperature of 20

°C can be calculated using the

following formula. Use the converted value to
judge whether the electrolyte is okay or not.

= (t

− 20) X 0.0007 + Dt

: Specific gravity converted to a value for

electrolyte temperature of 20

°C

t: Electrolyte temperature at the time of
measurement
Dt: Actual specific gravity

CHARGING

M1541001100639

CAUTION

• The battery plugs should be removed during

charging.

• The battery electrolyte level may rise and

overflow from the battery during charging.

• Explosions may occur if the battery is

brought close to naked flames during
charging.

• Be careful to avoid tasks that might produce

sparks or other danger while the battery is
charging.

• After charging is complete, replace the

battery plugs, pour water over the battery to
rinse away any sulphuric acid, and let the
battery stand to dry.

• Charge the battery in a well-ventilated

location.

• Do not let the battery electrolyte temperature

rise above approximately 45

°C (approximately

°C during rapid charging).

1. Remove the battery from the vehicle.
2. The normal charging current is a value in

amperes which is 1/10th of the battery capacity. If
the battery needs to be charged rapidly because
of reasons such as time limitations, the maximum
charging current for rapid charging is the battery
capacity expressed as an ampere value.

Item

Standard value

Battery electrolyte specific gravity

1.220

− 1.290 (electrolyte temperature 20°C)

AC102027AE

Thermometer

Specific
gravity meter

BATTERY

CHASSIS ELECTRICAL

54A-6

3. Determine when charging is finished.

• When the specific gravity of the battery

electrolyte is constantly within 1.250

− 1.290 for a

continuous period of one hour or more.

• When the voltage per cell during charging is 2.5 −

2.8 V constantly for a continuous period of one
hour or more.

BATTERY TEST

M1541001200647

TEST STEPS

Step 1. Battery no-load voltage check
(1) Illuminate the headlamp for 15 seconds.
(2) Turn off the headlamp and then leave it for about

2 minutes to stabilise the battery voltage.

(3) Remove the battery cable.
(4) Measure the battery no-load voltage.

OK: 12.4 V or more (Specific gravity
1.240)

Q: Does the measured voltage correspond with this

range?

YES :

Go to Step 3.

NO :

Go to Step 2.

Step 2. Battery charging

Q: Does the battery recharge?

YES :

Recharge the battery at 5A

(constant-current charging) and then go to
Step 1. (Refer to Table 1.)

NO :

Go to Step 3.

STEP 3. Load test check
(1) Connect the battery tester to battery.
(2) Feed a load current through the battery. (Refer to

Table 1.)

(3) Measure the battery voltage after 15 seconds

and then eliminate a load current.

(4) Compare the measured voltage to the specified

lowest voltage. (Refer to Table 2.)

Q: Is the measured voltage higher than the lowest

voltage?

YES :

The battery is normal.

NO :

Replace the battery.

(TABLE 1)

(TABLE 2)

Battery type

Capacity (5-hour rate)

Normal charging current Rapid charging current

75D23L

52 A

5.2 A

52 A

Battery type

75D23L

Charging time when fully discharged [5A constant current charging] (H)

Load current (A)

260

Outside air
temperature (

°C)

21 or
more

− 20

− 15

− 9

-1

− -3

-7

− -2

-12

− -8

-18

− -13

Minimum voltage
(V)

9.6

9.5

9.4

9.3

9.1

8.9

8.7

8.5

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