SYSMAC CPM1/CPM1A/CPM2A/CPM2C/SRM1(–V2). Programmable Controllers (2001)

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Flags

ER:

The content of S is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

7-20-2

BINARY-TO-BCD - BCD(24)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: Source word (binary)

BCD(24)

@BCD(24)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

If the content of S exceeds 270F, the converted result would exceed 9999 and

BCD(24) will not be executed. When the instruction is not executed, the content

of R remains unchanged.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

BCD(24) converts the binary (hexadecimal) content of S into the numerically

equivalent BCD bits, and outputs the BCD bits to R. Only the content of R is

changed; the content of S is left unchanged.

Binary

BCD

BCD(24) can be used to convert binary to BCD so that displays on the Program-

ming Console or any other programming device will appear in decimal rather

than hexadecimal. It can also be used to convert to BCD to perform BCD arith-

metic operations rather than binary arithmetic operations, e.g., when BCD and

binary values must be added.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

7-20-3

DOUBLE BCD-TO-DOUBLE BINARY - BINL(58)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: First source word (BCD)

BINL(58)

@BINL(58)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

436

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

When the execution condition is OFF, BINL(58) is not executed. When the

Description

execution condition is ON, BINL(58) converts an eight-digit number in S and S+1

into 32-bit binary data, and outputs the converted data to R and R+1.

S + 1

BCD

Binary

R + 1

Flags

ER:

The contents of S and/or S+1 words are not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

7-20-4

DOUBLE BINARY-TO-DOUBLE BCD - BCDL(59)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: First source word (binary)

BCDL(59)

@BCDL(59)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

If the content of S exceeds 05F5E0FF, the converted result would exceed

99999999 and BCDL(59) will not be executed. When the instruction is not

executed, the content of R and R+1 remain unchanged.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

BCDL(59) converts the 32-bit binary content of S and S+1 into eight digits of

BCD data, and outputs the converted data to R and R+1.

Binary

S + 1

BCD

R + 1

Flags

ER:

Content of R and R+1 exceeds 99999999.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

437

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

7-20-5

4-TO-16 DECODER - MLPX(76)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

S: Source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

MLPX(76)

@MLPX(76)

Di: Digit designator

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

The rightmost two digits of Di must each be between 0 and 3.

All result words must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, MLPX(76) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, MLPX(76) converts up to four, four-bit hexadecimal

digits from S into decimal values from 0 to 15, each of which is used to indicate a

bit position. The bit whose number corresponds to each converted value is then

turned ON in a result word. If more than one digit is specified, then one bit will be

turned ON in each of consecutive words beginning with R. (See examples, be-

low.)

The following is an example of a one-digit decode operation from digit number 1

of S, i.e., here Di would be 0001.

Source word

Bit C (i.e., bit number 12) turned ON.

First result word

The first digit and the number of digits to be converted are designated in Di. If

more digits are designated than remain in S (counting from the designated first

digit), the remaining digits will be taken starting back at the beginning of S. The

final word required to store the converted result (R plus the number of digits to be

converted) must be in the same data area as R, e.g., if two digits are converted,

the last word address in a data area cannot be designated; if three digits are con-

verted, the last two words in a data area cannot be designated.

Digit Designator

The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit number:

3210

Specifies the first digit to be converted (0 to 3)

Number of digits to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 digit

1: 2 digits

2: 3 digits

3: 4 digits

Not used (Set to zero)

438

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Some example Di values and the digit-to-word conversions that they produce

are shown below.

Di: 0010

Di: 0030

R + 1

R + 2

R + 3

Di: 0031

Di: 0023

R + 1

R + 2

R + 3

Flags

ER:

Undefined digit designator, or R plus number of digits exceeds a data

area.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

The following program converts digits 1 to 3 of data from DM 0020 to bit positions

Example

and turns ON the corresponding bits in three consecutive words starting with HR

10. Digit 0 is not converted.

00000

MLPX(76)

Address

Instruction

Operands

DM 0020

00000

#0021

00001

MLPX(76)

HR 10

0020

0021

S: DM 0020

R: HR 10

R+1: HR 11

R+2: HR 12

DM 0020

HR 1000

HR 1100

HR 1200

DM 0020

Not

HR 1001

HR 1101

HR 1201

DM 0020

Converted

HR 1002

HR 1102

HR 1202

DM 0020

HR 1003

HR 1103

HR 1203

DM 0020

HR 1004

HR 1104

HR 1204

DM 0020

HR 1005

HR 1105

HR 1205

DM 0020

HR 1006

HR 1106

HR 1206

DM 0020

HR 1007

HR 1107

HR 1207

DM 0020

HR 1008

HR 1108

HR 1208

DM 0020

HR 1009

HR 1109

HR 1209

DM 0020

HR 1010

HR 1110

HR 1210

DM 0020

HR 1011

HR 1111

HR 1211

DM 0020

HR 1012

HR 1112

HR 1212

DM 0020

HR 1013

HR 1113

HR 1213

DM 0020

HR 1014

HR 1114

HR 1214

DM 0020

HR 1015

HR 1115

HR 1215

439

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

7-20-6

16-TO-4 ENCODER - DMPX(77)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

SB: First source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

DMPX(77)

@DMPX(77)

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Di: Digit designator

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations

The rightmost two digits of Di must each be between 0 and 3.

All source words must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for SB, R, or Di.

When the execution condition is OFF, DMPX(77) is not executed. When the

Description

execution condition is ON, DMPX(77) determines the position of the highest ON

bit in S, encodes it into single-digit hexadecimal value corresponding to the bit

number of the highest ON bit number, then transfers the hexadecimal value to

the specified digit in R. The digits to receive the results are specified in Di, which

also specifies the number of digits to be encoded.

The following is an example of a one-digit encode operation to digit number 1 of

R, i.e., here Di would be 0001.

First source word

C transferred to indicate bit number 12 as

the highest ON bit.

Result word

Up to four digits from four consecutive source words starting with S may be en-

coded and the digits written to R in order from the designated first digit. If more

digits are designated than remain in R (counting from the designated first digit),

the remaining digits will be placed at digits starting back at the beginning of R.

The final word to be converted (S plus the number of digits to be converted) must

be in the same data area as SB.

Digit Designator

The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit numbers: 3 2 1 0

Specifies the first digit to receive converted data (0 to 3).

Number of words to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 word

1: 2 words

2: 3 words

3: 4 words

Not used.

440

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Some example Di values and the word-to-digit conversions that they produce

are shown below.

Di: 0011

Di: 0030

S + 1

S + 2

S + 3

Di: 0013

Di: 0032

S + 1

S + 2

S + 3

Flags

ER:

Undefined digit designator, or S plus number of digits exceeds a data

area.

Content of a source word is zero.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example

When 00000 is ON, the following diagram encodes IR words 200 and 201 to the

first two digits of HR 10 and then encodes LR 10 and 11 to the last two digits of

HR 10. Although the status of each source word bit is not shown, it is assumed

that the bit with status 1 (ON) shown is the highest bit that is ON in the word.

00000

DMPX(77)

Address

Instruction

Operands

200

00000

HR 10

00001

DMPX(77)

200

#0010

0010

DMPX(77)

00002

DMPX(77)

LR 10

HR 10

#0012

0012

IR 200

IR 201

01000

01100

01011

01109

01012

01110

: :

HR 10

01015

01115

Digit 0

Digit 1

Digit 2

LR 10

LR 11

LR 1000

LR 1100

Digit 3

LR 1001

LR 1002

LR 1108

: :

LR 1109

: :

LR 1015

LR 1115

441

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

7-20-7

7-SEGMENT DECODER - SDEC(78)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

S: Source word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

SDEC(78)

@SDEC(78)

Di: Digit designator

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

Di must be within the values given below.

All destination words must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, SDEC(78) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, SDEC(78) converts the designated digit(s) of S into

the equivalent 8-bit, 7-segment display code and places it into the destination

word(s) beginning with D.

Any or all of the digits in S may be converted in sequence from the designated

first digit. The first digit, the number of digits to be converted, and the half of D to

receive the first 7-segment display code (rightmost or leftmost 8 bits) are desig-

nated in Di. If multiple digits are designated, they will be placed in order starting

from the designated half of D, each requiring two digits. If more digits are desig-

nated than remain in S (counting from the designated first digit), further digits will

be used starting back at the beginning of S.

Digit Designator

The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit number:

3210

Specifies the first digit of S to be converted (0 to 3).

Number of digits to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 digit

1: 2 digits

2: 3 digits

3: 4 digits

First half of D to be used.

0: Rightmost 8 bits (1st half)

1: Leftmost 8 bits (2nd half)

Not used; set to 0.

442

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Example

The following example shows the data to produce an 8. The lower case letters

show which bits correspond to which segments of the 7-segment display. The

table underneath shows the original data and converted code for all hexadeci-

mal digits.

00000

@ SDEC(78)

DM 0010

LR 07

200

LR 07

DM 0010

IR 200

2⁰

Bit 00

2¹

1: Second digit

x10⁰

2²

2³

2⁰

2¹

x10¹

0: One digit

2²

2³

Bit 07

2⁰

2¹

x10²

0 or 1:

Bits 00 through 07

2²

Bits 08 through 15.

2³

2⁰

x10³

2¹

Not used.

2²

2³

Original data

Converted code (segments)

Display

Digit

Bits

444

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Flags

ER:

Incorrect digit designator, or data area for destination exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

7-20-8

ASCII CONVERT - ASC(86)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

S: Source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

ASC(86)

@ASC(86)

Di: Digit designator

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

Di must be within the values given below.

All destination words must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, ASC(86) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, ASC(86) converts the designated digit(s) of S into the

equivalent 8-bit ASCII code and places it into the destination word(s) beginning

with D.

Any or all of the digits in S may be converted in order from the designated first

digit. The first digit, the number of digits to be converted, and the half of D to re-

ceive the first ASCII code (rightmost or leftmost 8 bits) are designated in Di. If

multiple digits are designated, they will be placed in order starting from the des-

ignated half of D, each requiring two digits. If more digits are designated than

remain in S (counting from the designated first digit), further digits will be used

starting back at the beginning of S.

Note Refer to Appendix G for a table of ASCII characters.

Digit Designator

The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit number:

3210

Specifies the first digit to be converted (0 to 3).

Number of digits to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 digit

1: 2 digits

2: 3 digits

3: 4 digits

First half of D to be used.

0: Rightmost 8 bits (1st half)

1: Leftmost 8 bits (2nd half)

Parity

0: none

1: even

2: odd

445

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Some examples of Di values and the 4-bit binary to 8-bit ASCII conversions that

they produce are shown below.

Di: 0011

Di: 0030

1st half

2nd half

D+1

1st half

2nd half

Di: 0112

Di: 0130

1st half

2nd half

D+1

1st half

2nd half

D+2

1st half

2nd half

The leftmost bit of each ASCII character (2 digits) can be automatically adjusted

Parity

for either even or odd parity. If no parity is designated, the leftmost bit will always

be zero.

When even parity is designated, the leftmost bit will be adjusted so that the total

number of ON bits is even, e.g., when adjusted for even parity, ASCII “31”

(00110001) will be “B1” (10110001: parity bit turned ON to create an even num-

ber of ON bits); ASCII “36” (00110110) will be “36” (00110110: parity bit turned

OFF because the number of ON bits is already even). The status of the parity bit

does not affect the meaning of the ASCII code.

When odd parity is designated, the leftmost bit of each ASCII character will be

adjusted so that there is an odd number of ON bits.

Flags

ER:

Incorrect digit designator, or data area for destination exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

446

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

7-20-9

ASCII-TO-HEXADECIMAL - HEX(--)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

S: First source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

HEX(--)

@HEX(--)

Di: Digit designator

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

D: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C/SRM1(-V2) only.

Di must be within the values given below.

All source words must be in the same data area.

Bytes in the source words must contain the ASCII code equivalent of hexadeci-

mal values, i.e., 30 to 39 (0 to 9) or 41 to 46 (A to F).

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

When the execution condition is OFF, HEX(--) is not executed. When the

Description

execution condition is ON, HEX(--) converts the designated byte(s) of ASCII

code from the source word(s) into the hexadecimal equivalent and places it into

Up to 4 ASCII codes may be converted beginning with the designated first byte

of S. The converted hexadecimal values are then placed in D in order from the

designated digit. The first byte (rightmost or leftmost 8 bits), the number of bytes

to be converted, and the digit of D to receive the first hexadecimal value are

designated in Di. If multiple bytes are designated, they will be converted in order

starting from the designated half of S and continuing to S+1 and S+2, if

necessary.

If more digits are designated than remain in D (counting from the designated first

digit), further digits will be used starting back at the beginning of D. Digits in D

that do not receive converted data will not be changed.

Digit Designator

The digits of Di are set as shown below.

Digit number:

3210

Specifies the first digit of D to be used (0 to 3).

Number of bytes to be converted (0 to 3)

0: 1 byte (2-digit ASCII code)

1: 2 bytes

2: 3 bytes

3: 4 bytes

First byte of S to be used.

0: Rightmost 8 bits (1^st byte)

1: Leftmost 8 bits (2^nd byte)

Parity

0: none

1: even

2: odd

447

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Some examples of Di values and the 8-bit ASCII to 4-bit hexadecimal conver-

sions that they produce are shown below.

Di: 0011

Di: 0030

1^st byte

2^nd byte

S+1

1^st byte

2^nd byte

Di: 0023

Di: 0133

1^st byte

2^nd byte

S+1

1^st byte

2^nd byte

S+2

1^st byte

2^nd byte

ASCII Code Table

The following table shows the ASCII codes before conversion and the hexadeci-

mal values after conversion. Refer to Appendix G for a table of ASCII characters.

Original data

Converted data

ASCII Code

Bit status (See note.)

Digit

Bits

Note The leftmost bit of each ASCII code is adjusted for parity.

The leftmost bit of each ASCII character (2 digits) is automatically adjusted for

Parity

either even or odd parity.

With no parity, the leftmost bit should always be zero. With odd or even parity, the

leftmost bit of each ASCII character should be adjusted so that there is an odd or

even number of ON bits.

If the parity of the ASCII code in S does not agree with the parity specified in Di,

the ER Flag (SR 25503) will be turned ON and the instruction will not be

executed.

448

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Flags

ER:

Incorrect digit designator, or data area for destination exceeded.

The source words do not contain ASCII data that can be converted to

hexadecimal, i.e., values ranging from 0 to 9 or A to F.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example

In the following example, the 2^nd byte of LR 10 and the 1^st byte of LR 11 are con-

verted to hexadecimal values and those values are written to the first and se-

cond bytes of IR 200.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

@HEX(--)

LR 10

00000

HR 10

00001

@HEX(--)

200

HR 10

LR 12

LR 11

LR 10

Conversion to

hexadecimal

200

7-20-10 HOURS-TO-SECONDS - SEC(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: Beginning source word (BCD)

SEC(--)

@SEC(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: Beginning result word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

000

000: No function

000

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

S and S+1 must be within the same data area. R and R+1 must be within the

same data area. S and S+1 must be BCD and must be in the proper hours/min-

utes/seconds format.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

SEC(--) is used to convert time notation in hours/minutes/seconds to an equiv-

alent in just seconds.

For the source data, the seconds are designated in bits 00 through 07 and the

minutes are designated in bits 08 through 15 of S. The hours are designated in

S+1. The maximum is thus 9,999 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds.

The result is output to R and R+1. The maximum obtainable value is 35,999,999

seconds.

Flags

ER:

S and S+1 or R and R+1 are not in the same data area.

S and/or S+1 do not contain BCD.

449

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Number of seconds and/or minutes exceeds 59.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

Example

When 00000 is OFF (i.e., when the execution condition is ON), the following

instruction would convert the hours, minutes, and seconds given in HR 12 and

HR 13 to seconds and store the results in DM 0100 and DM 0101 as shown.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

SEC(--)

HR 12

00000

LD NOT

00000

DM 0100

00001

SEC(--)

000

0100

HR 12

2,815 hrs, 32 min,

000

HR 13

07 s

DM 0100

10,135,927 s

DM 0101

7-20-11 SECONDS-TO-HOURS - HMS(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: Beginning source word (BCD)

HMS(--)

@HMS(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: Beginning result word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

000

000: No function

000

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

S and S+1 must be within the same data area. R and R+1 must be within the

same data area. S and S+1 must be BCD and must be between 0 and

35,999,999 seconds.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

HMS(--) is used to convert time notation in seconds to an equivalent in hours/

minutes/seconds.

The number of seconds designated in S and S+1 is converted to hours/minutes/

seconds and placed in R and R+1.

For the results, the seconds are placed in bits 00 through 07 and the minutes are

placed in bits 08 through 15 of R. The hours are placed in R+1. The maximum is

9,999 hours, 59 minutes, and 59 seconds.

Flags

ER:

S and S+1 or R and R+1 are not in the same data area.

S and/or S+1 do not contain BCD or exceed 36,000,000 seconds.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

450

Conversion Instructions

Section

7-20

Example

When 00000 is OFF (i.e., when the execution condition is ON), the following

instruction would convert the seconds given in HR 12 and HR 13 to hours, min-

utes, and seconds and store the results in DM 0100 and DM 0101 as shown.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

HMS(--)

HR 12

00000

LD NOT

00000

00001

HMS(--)

DM 0100

000

0100

000

HR 12

10,135,927 s

HR 13

DM 0100

2,815 hrs, 32 min, 07 s

DM 0101

7-20-12

2’S COMPLEMENT - NEG(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: Source word

NEG(--)

@NEG(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

000

Not used. Set to 000.

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C/SRM1(-V2) only.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Converts the four-digit hexadecimal content of the source word (S) to its 2’s

Description

complement and outputs the result to the result word (R). This operation is effec-

tively the same as subtracting S from 0000 and outputting the result to R; it will

calculate the absolute value of negative signed binary data.

If the content of S is 0000, the content of R will also be 0000 after execution and

EQ (SR 25506) will be turned on.

If the content of S is 8000, the content of R will also be 8000 after execution and

UF (SR 25405) will be turned on.

Note Refer to 2-16 Calculating with Signed Binary Data for more details.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the content of R is zero after execution; otherwise OFF.

UF:

ON when the content of S is 8000; otherwise OFF.

ON when bit 15 of R is ON; otherwise OFF.

451

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

7-21 BCD Calculation Instructions

7-21-1

SET CARRY - STC(40)

Ladder Symbols

STC(40)

@STC(40)

When the execution condition is OFF, STC(40) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, STC(40) turns ON CY (SR 25504).

Note Refer to Appendix B Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation for a table listing the

instructions that affect CY.

7-21-2

CLEAR CARRY - CLC(41)

Ladder Symbols

CLC(41)

@CLC(41)

When the execution condition is OFF, CLC(41) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, CLC(41) turns OFF CY (SR 25504).

CLEAR CARRY is used to reset (turn OFF) CY (SR 25504) to “0.”

Note Refer to Appendix B Error and Arithmetic Flag Operation for a table listing the

instructions that affect CY.

7-21-3

BCD ADD - ADD(30)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Au: Augend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ADD(30)

@ADD(30)

Ad: Addend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, ADD(30) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, ADD(30) adds the contents of Au, Ad, and CY, and

places the result in R. CY will be set if the result is greater than 9999.

Flags

ER:

Au and/or Ad is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when there is a carry in the result.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

453

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

If 00002 is ON, the program represented by the following diagram clears CY with

Example

CLC(41), adds the content of IR 200 to a constant (6103), places the result in DM

0100, and then moves either all zeros or 0001 into DM 0101 depending on the

status of CY (25504). This ensures that any carry from the last digit is preserved

in R+1 so that the entire result can be later handled as eight-digit data.

Address

Instruction

Operands

TR 0

00002

00000

00002

CLC(41)

00001

OUT

00002

CLC(41)

00003

ADD(30)

200

6103

#6103

0100

DM 0100

00004

AND

25504

00005

MOV(21)

0001

#0001

0101

DM 0101

00006

25504

00007

AND NOT

25504

MOV(21)

00008

MOV(21)

#0000

0000

DM 0101

0101

Although two ADD(30) can be used together to perform eight-digit BCD addition,

ADDL(54) is designed specifically for this purpose.

7-21-4

BCD SUBTRACT - SUB(31)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Mi: Minuend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SUB(31)

@SUB(31)

Su: Subtrahend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, SUB(31) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, SUB(31) subtracts the contents of Su and CY from

Mi, and places the result in R. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 10’s com-

plement of the actual result is placed in R. To convert the 10’s complement to the

true result, subtract the content of R from zero (see example below).

Flags

ER:

Mi and/or Su is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when the result is negative, i.e., when Mi is less than Su plus CY.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

454

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section 7-21

Caution Be sure to clear the carry flag with CLC(41) before executing SUB(31) if its pre-

vious status is not required, and check the status of CY after doing a subtraction

with SUB(31). If CY is ON as a result of executing SUB(31) (i.e., if the result is

negative), the result is output as the 10’s complement of the true answer. To con-

vert the output result to the true value, subtract the value in R from 0.

Example

When 00002 is ON, the following ladder program clears CY, subtracts the con-

tents of DM 0100 and CY from the content of 201 and places the result in HR 10.

If CY is set by executing SUB(31), the result in HR 10 is subtracted from zero

(note that CLC(41) is again required to obtain an accurate result), the result is

placed back in HR 10, and HR 1100 is turned ON to indicate a negative result.

If CY is not set by executing SUB(31), the result is positive, the second subtrac-

tion is not performed, and HR 1100 is not turned ON. HR 1100 is programmed as

a self-maintaining bit so that a change in the status of CY will not turn it OFF

when the program is rescanned.

In this example, differentiated forms of SUB(31) are used so that the subtraction

operation is performed only once each time 00002 is turned ON. When another

subtraction operation is to be performed, 00002 will need to be turned OFF for at

least one cycle (resetting HR 1100) and then turned back ON.

TR 0

00002

CLC(41)

@SUB(31)

First

subtraction

201

DM 0100

HR 10

25504

CLC(41)

@SUB(31)

Second

subtraction

#0000

HR 10

25504

HR 1100

Turned ON to indicate

negative result.

455

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

Address

Instruction

Operands

00000

00002

00001

OUT

00002

CLC(41)

00003

@SUB(31)

201

0100

00004

AND

25504

00005

CLC(41)

00006

@SUB(31)

0000

00007

00008

25504

00009

1100

00010

AND LD

---

00011

OUT

1100

The first and second subtractions for this diagram are shown below using exam-

ple data for 201 and DM 0100.

Note The actual SUB(31) operation involves subtracting Su and CY from 10,000 plus

Mi. For positive results the leftmost digit is truncated. For negative results the

10s complement is obtained. The procedure for establishing the correct answer

is given below.

First Subtraction

IR 201

1029

DM 0100

- 3452

- 0

HR 10

7577 (1029 + (10000 - 3452))

(negative result)

Second Subtraction

0000

HR 10 -7577

CY -0

HR 10 2423

(0000 + (10000 - 7577))

(negative result)

In the above case, the program would turn ON HR 1100 to indicate that the value

held in HR 10 is negative.

7-21-5

BCD MULTIPLY - MUL(32)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Md: Multiplicand (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MUL(32)

@MUL(32)

Mr: Multiplier (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

456

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

When the execution condition is OFF, MUL(32) is not executed. When the

Description

execution condition is ON, MUL(32) multiplies Md by the content of Mr, and

places the result In R and R+1.

R +1

When IR 00000 is ON with the following program, the contents of IR 013 and

Example

DM 0005 are multiplied and the result is placed in HR 07 and HR 08. Example

data and calculations are shown below the program.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

MUL(32)

00000

013

00001

MUL(32)

DM 0005

013

HR 07

0005

Md: IR 013

Mr: DM 0005

R+1: HR 08

R: HR 07

Flags

ER:

Md and/or Mr is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when there is a carry in the result.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-21-6

BCD DIVIDE - DIV(33)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbol

Dd: Dividend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DIV(33)

Dr: Divisor word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: First result word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

R and R+1 must be in the same data area. DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used

Limitations

for R.

457

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, DIV(33) is not executed and the program

moves to the next instruction. When the execution condition is ON, Dd is divided

by Dr and the result is placed in R and R + 1: the quotient in R and the remainder

in R + 1.

Remainder

Quotient

R+1

Flags

ER:

Dd or Dr is not in BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

Example

When IR 00000 is ON with the following program, the content of IR 216 is divided

by the content of HR 09 and the result is placed in DM 0017 and DM 0018. Exam-

ple data and calculations are shown below the program.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

DIV(33)

00000

216

00001

DIV(33)

HR 09

216

DM 0017

0017

Quotient

Remainder

R: DM 0017

R + 1: DM 0018

Dd: HR 09

Dd: IR 216

7-21-7

DOUBLE BCD ADD - ADDL(54)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Au: First augend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

ADDL(54)

@ADDL(54)

Ad: First addend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

458

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, ADDL(54) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, ADDL(54) adds the contents of CY to the 8-digit val-

ue in Au and Au+1 to the 8-digit value in Ad and Ad+1, and places the result in R

and R+1. CY will be set if the result is greater than 99999999.

Au + 1

Ad + 1

R + 1

Flags

ER:

Au and/or Ad is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when there is a carry in the result.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

Example

When 00000 is ON, the following program section adds two 12-digit numbers,

the first contained in LR 00 through LR 02 and the second in DM 0010 through

DM 0012. The result is placed in HR 10 through HR 13.

The rightmost 8 digits of the two numbers are added using ADDL(54), i.e., the

contents of LR 00 and LR 01 are added to DM 0010 and DM 0011 and the results

is placed in HR 10 and HR 11. The second addition adds the leftmost 4 digits of

each number using ADD(30), and includes any carry from the first addition. The

last instruction, ADB(50) (see 7-22-1 BINARY ADD - ADB(50)) adds two all-

zero constants to place any carry from the second addition into HR 13.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

CLC(41)

00000

@ADDL(54)

00001

CLC(41)

LR 00

00002

@ADDL(54)

DM 0010

HR 10

0010

@ADD(30)

00003

@ADD(30)

LR 02

DM 0012

0012

HR 12

00004

@ADB(50)

0000

#0000

0000

#0000

HR 13

459

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

7-21-8

DOUBLE BCD SUBTRACT - SUBL(55)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Mi: First minuend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SUBL(55)

@SUBL(55)

Su: First subtrahend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, SUBL(55) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, SUBL(55) subtracts CY and the 8-digit contents of Su

and Su+1 from the 8-digit value in Mi and Mi+1, and places the result in R and

R+1. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 10’s complement of the actual

result is placed in R. To convert the 10’s complement to the true result, subtract

the content of R from zero. Since an 8-digit constant cannot be directly entered,

use the BSET(71) instruction (see 7-17-4 BLOCK SET - BSET(71)) to create an

8-digit constant.

Mi + 1

Su + 1

–

R + 1

Flags

ER:

Mi, M+1,Su, or Su+1 are not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when the result is negative, i.e., when Mi is less than Su.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

460

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

Example

The following example works much like that for single-word subtraction. In this

example, however, BSET(71) is required to clear the content of DM 0000 and

DM 0001 so that a negative result can be subtracted from 0 (inputting an 8-digit

constant is not possible).

TR 0

00003

CLC(41)

@SUBL(55)

First

HR 00

subtraction

220

DM 0100

25504

@BSET(71)

#0000

DM 0000

DM 0001

CLC(41)

@SUBL(55)

Second

DM 0000

subtraction

DM 0100

25504

HR 0100

Turned ON to indicate

negative result.

Address

Instruction

Operands

Address

Instruction

Operands

00000

00003

00006

CLC(41)

00001

OUT

00007

@SUBL(55)

00002

CLC(41)

0000

00003

@SUBL(55)

0100

220

00008

0100

00009

25504

00004

AND

25504

00010

0100

00005

@BSET(71)

00011

AND LD

0000

00012

OUT

0100

0000

0001

461

BCD Calculation Instructions

Section

7-21

7-21-9

DOUBLE BCD MULTIPLY - MULL(56)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Md: First multiplicand word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

MULL(56)

@MULL(56)

Mr: First multiplier word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, MULL(56) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, MULL(56) multiplies the eight-digit content of Md and

Md+1 by the content of Mr and Mr+1, and places the result in R to R+3.

Md + 1

Mr + 1

R + 3

R + 2

R + 1

Flags

ER:

Md, Md+1,Mr, or Mr+1 is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when there is a carry in the result.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-21-10 DOUBLE BCD DIVIDE - DIVL(57)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Dd: First dividend word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

DIVL(57)

@DIVL(57)

Dr: First divisor word (BCD)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, DIVL(57) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, DIVL(57) the eight-digit content of Dd and D+1 is di-

vided by the content of Dr and Dr+1 and the result is placed in R to R+3: the quo-

tient in R and R+1, the remainder in R+2 and R+3.

Remainder

Quotient

R+3

R+2

R+1

Dr+1

Dd+1

462

Binary Calculation Instructions

Section

7-22

Flags

ER:

Dr and Dr+1 contain 0.

Dd, Dd+1, Dr, or Dr+1 is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-22 Binary Calculation Instructions

7-22-1 BINARY ADD - ADB(50)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Au: Augend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ADB(50)

@ADB(50)

Ad: Addend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, ADB(50) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, ADB(50) adds the contents of Au, Ad, and CY, and

places the result in R. CY will be set if the result is greater than FFFF.

ADB(50) can also be used to add signed binary data. With the CPM1A, CPM2A,

CPM2C, and SRM1(-V2), the underflow and overflow flags (SR 25404 and

SR 25405) indicate whether the result has exceeded the lower or upper limits of

the 16-bit signed binary data range.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when the result is greater than FFFF.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

OF:

ON when the result exceeds +32,767 (7FFF).

UF:

ON when the result is below -32,768 (8000).

463

Binary Calculation Instructions

Section

7-22

Example

The following example shows a four-digit addition with CY used to place either

#0000 or #0001 into R+1 to ensure that any carry is preserved.

TR 0

Address

Instruction

Operands

00000

CLC(41)

00001

OUT

00002

CLC(41)

ADB(50)

00003

ADB(50)

200

DM 0100

0100

HR 10

= R

25504

00004

AND NOT

25504

MOV(21)

00005

MOV(21)

#0000

0000

HR 11

= R+1

25504

MOV(21)

00006

#0001

00007

AND

25504

HR 11

= R+1

00008

MOV(21)

00001

In the case below, A6E2 + 80C5 = 127A7. The result is a 5-digit number, so CY

(SR 25504) = 1, and the content of R + 1 becomes #0001.

Au: IR 200

Ad: DM 0100

R+1: HR 11

R: HR 10

Note For signed binary calculations, the status of the UF and OF flags indicate wheth-

er the result has exceeded the signed binary data range (-32,768 (8000) to

+32,767 (7FFF)).

7-22-2 BINARY SUBTRACT - SBB(51)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Mi: Minuend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SBB(51)

@SBB(51)

Su: Subtrahend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

464

Binary Calculation Instructions

Section

7-22

When the execution condition is OFF, SBB(51) is not executed. When the

Description

execution condition is ON, SBB(51) subtracts the contents of Su and CY from Mi

and places the result in R. If the result is negative, CY is set and the 2’s comple-

ment of the actual result is placed in R.

SBB(51) can also be used to subtract signed binary data. With the CPM1A,

CPM2A, CPM2C, and SRM1(-V2), the underflow and overflow flags (SR 25404

and SR 25405) indicate whether the result has exceeded the lower or upper lim-

its of the 16-bit signed binary data range.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

CY:

ON when the result is negative, i.e., when Mi is less than Su plus CY.

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

OF:

ON when the result exceeds +32,767 (7FFF).

UF:

ON when the result is below -32,768 (8000).

Example

The following example shows a four-digit subtraction. When IR 00001 is ON, the

content of LR 00 and CY are subtracted from the content of IR 002 and the result

is written to HR 01.

CY is turned ON if the result is negative. If normal data is being used, a negative

result (signed binary) must be converted to normal data using NEG(--). Refer to

7-20-12 2’s COMPLEMENT - NEG(--) for details.

Address

Instruction

Operands

00001

00000

00001

CLC(41)

00001

OUT

00002

CLC(41)

SBB(51)

00003

SBB(51)

200

LR00

HR 01

In the case below, the content of LR 00 (#7A03) and CY are subtracted from

IR 002 (#F8C5). Since the result is positive, CY is 0.

If the result had been negative, CY would have been set to 1. For normal (un-

signed) data, the result would have to be converted to its 2’s complement.

Mi: IR 002

Su: LR 00

–

CY = 0

(from CLC(41))

R: HR 01

Note For signed binary calculations, the status of the UF and OF flags indicate wheth-

er the result has exceeded the signed binary data range (-32,768 (8000) to

+32,767 (7FFF)).

465

Binary Calculation Instructions

Section

7-22

7-22-3 BINARY MULTIPLY - MLB(52)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Md: Multiplicand word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

MLB(52)

@MLB(52)

Mr: Multiplier word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

MLB(52) cannot be used to multiply signed binary data.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, MLB(52) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, MLB(52) multiplies the content of Md by the contents

of Mr, places the rightmost four digits of the result in R, and places the leftmost

four digits in R+1.

R +1

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-22-4 BINARY DIVIDE - DVB(53)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

Dd: Dividend word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

DVB(53)

@DVB(53)

Dr: Divisor word (binary)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: First result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

DVB(53) cannot be used to divide signed binary data.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, DVB(53) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, DVB(53) divides the content of Dd by the content of

Dr and the result is placed in R and R+1: the quotient in R, the remainder in R+1.

Quotient

Remainder

R + 1

466

Special Math Instructions

Section

7-23

Flags

ER:

Dr contains 0.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-23 Special Math Instructions

7-23-1

DATA SEARCH - SRCH(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

N: Number of words

SRCH(--)

@SRCH(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R₁: First word in range

R₁

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

C: Comparison data, result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

N must be BCD between 0001 to 9999.

R₁ and R₁+N-1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for C.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, SRCH(--) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, SRCH(--) searches the range of memory from R₁ to

R₁+N-1 for addresses that contain the comparison data in C. If one or more ad-

dresses contain the comparison data, the EQ Flag (SR 25506) is turned ON and

the lowest address containing the comparison data is identified in C+1. The ad-

dress is identified differently for the DM area:

1, 2, 3...

1. For an address in the DM area, the word address is written to C+1. For ex-

ample, if the lowest address containing the comparison data is DM 0114,

then #0114 is written in C+1.

2. For an address in another data area, the number of addresses from the be-

ginning of the search is written to C+1. For example, if the lowest address

containing the comparison data is IR 114 and the first word in the search

range is IR 014, then #0100 is written in C+1.

If none of addresses in the range contain the comparison data, the EQ Flag

(SR 25506) is turned OFF and C+1 is left unchanged.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

N is not BCD between 0001 and 9999.

R₁ and R₁+N-1 are not in the same data area.

EQ:

ON when the comparison data has been matched in the search range.

Example

In the following example, the 10 word range from IR 200 to IR 209 is searched

for addresses that contain the same data as DM 0100 (89AB). Since IR 204 con-

467

Special Math Instructions

Section

7-23

tains the same data, the EQ Flag (SR 25506) is turned ON and #0004 is written

to DM 0101.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

@SRCH(--)

#0010

00000

200

00001

@SRCH(--)

0010

DM 0100

0200

0100

DM 0100

89AB

IR 200

1234

IR 201

5678

IR 202

ABCD

Offset: 0004

Offset of first word con-

DM 0101

0004

taining the search data

IR 203

EF13

IR 204

89AB

← Search data found

IR 205

8860

IR 206

90CD

IR 207

00FF

IR 208

89AB

← Search data found

IR 209

810C

Note The matching search data in IR 208 is ignored because the search data was

found in an earlier word in the range.

7-23-2

FIND MAXIMUM - MAX(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

C: Control data

MAX(--)

@MAX(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R₁: First word in range

R₁

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

D: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

N must be BCD between 0001 to 9999.

R₁ and R₁+N-1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, MAX(--) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, MAX(--) searches the range of memory from R₁ to

R₁+N-1 for the address that contains the maximum value and outputs the maxi-

mum value to the destination word (D).

The address is identified differently for the DM area:

1, 2, 3...

1. For an address in the DM area, the word address is written to C+1. For ex-

ample, if the address containing the maximum value is DM 0114, then #0114

is written in D+1.

2. For an address in another data area, the number of addresses from the be-

ginning of the search is written to D+1. For example, if the address contain-

ing the maximum value is IR 114 and the first word in the search range is

IR 014, then #0100 is written in D+1.

468

Special Math Instructions

Section 7-23

If bit 14 of C is ON and more than one address contains the same maximum val-

ue, the position of the lowest of the addresses will be output to D+1. The position

will be output as the DM address for the DM area, but as an absolute position

relative to the first word in the range for all other areas.

The number of words within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of

C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999.

When bit 15 of C is OFF, data within the range is treated as unsigned binary and

when it is ON the data is treated as signed binary.

Number of words

in range (N: 001 to 999 BCD)

Not used - set to zero.

Output address to D+1?

1 (ON): Yes.

Not used - set to zero.

0 (OFF): No.

Caution If bit 14 of C is ON, values above #8000 are treated as negative numbers, so the

results will differ depending on the specified data type. Be sure that the correct

data type is specified.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

R₁ and R₁+N-1 are not in the same data area.

EQ:

ON when the maximum value is #0000.

Example

When IR 00000 is ON, the control data in DM 0000 (4010) will cause a search for

the maximum value in the 10 words starting at IR 200. The largest unsigned val-

469

Special Math Instructions

Section

7-23

ue will be stored in DM 0500. The offset from the beginning of the search of the

word containing the maximum value will be stored in DM 0501.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

MAX(--)

00000

DM 0000

00001

MAX(--)

200

0000

DM 0500

200

0500

DM 0000

4010

IR 200

3F2A

Offset of word containing maximum value: 2 words

IR 201

51C3

IR 202

E02A

Maximum value

IR 203

7C9F

IR 204

2A20

10 words

IR 205

A827

IR 206

2A20

IR 207

E02A

Maximum value

IR 208

C755

IR 209

94DC

DM 0500

E02A

DM 0501

0002

If there are two words containing

the maximum value, the one found

first will be stored in DM 0501.

7-23-3

FIND MINIMUM - MIN(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

C: Control data

MIN(--)

@MIN(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R₁: First word in range

R₁

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

D: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

N must be BCD between 0001 to 9999.

R₁ and R₁+N-1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, MIN(--) is not executed. When the execu-

tion condition is ON, MIN(--) searches the range of memory from R₁ to R₁+N-1

for the address that contains the minimum value and outputs the minimum value

to the destination word (D).

The address is identified differently for the DM area:

1, 2, 3...

1. For an address in the DM area, the word address is written to C+1. For ex-

ample, if the address containing the minimum value is DM 0114, then #0114

is written in D+1.

470

Special Math Instructions

Section 7-23

2. For an address in another data area, the number of addresses from the be-

ginning of the search is written to D+1. For example, if the address contain-

ing the minimum value is IR 114 and the first word in the search range is

IR 014, then #0100 is written in D+1.

If bit 14 of C is ON and more than one address contains the same minimum val-

ue, the position of the lowest of the addresses will be output to D+1. The position

will be output as the DM address for the DM area, but as an absolute position

relative to the first word in the range for all other areas.

The number of words within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of

C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999.

When bit 15 of C is OFF, data within the range is treated as unsigned binary and

when it is ON the data is treated as signed binary.

Number of words

in range (N: 001 to 999 BCD)

Not used - set to zero.

Output address to D+1?

1 (ON): Yes.

Not used - set to zero.

0 (OFF): No.

Caution If bit 14 of C is ON, values above #8000 are treated as negative numbers, so the

results will differ depending on the specified data type. Be sure that the correct

data type is specified.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

R₁ and R₁+N-1 are not in the same data area.

EQ:

ON when the minimum value is #0000.

Example

When IR 00000 is ON, the control data in DM 0300 (4010) will cause a search for

the maximum value in the 10 words starting at DM 0000. The smallest unsigned

471

Special Math Instructions

Section

7-23

value will be stored in DM 0500. The address of the word containing the mini-

mum value (0014) will be stored in DM 0501.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

MIN(--)

00000

DM 0300

00001

MIN(--)

DM 0000

0300

DM 0500

0000

0500

DM 0300

4010

DM0010

3F2A

Address of word containing maximum value: 0014

DM0011

51C3

DM0012

E02A

DM0013

7C9F

DM0014

2A20

Minimum value

10 words

DM0015

A827

DM0016

33BF

DM0017

E02A

DM0018

2A20

Minimum value

DM0019

94DC

DM 0500

2A20

DM 0501

0014

If there are two words containing

the minimum value, the one found

first will be stored in DM 0501.

7-23-4

AVERAGE VALUE - AVG(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: Source word

AVG(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

N: Number of cycles

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

S must be hexadecimal.

N must be BCD from #0001 to #0064.

D and D+N+1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for S, N, or D to D+N+1.

Description

AVG(--) is used to calculate the average value of S over N cycles.

When the execution condition is OFF, AVG(--) is not executed.

Each time that AVG(--) is executed, the content of S is stored in words D+2 to

D+N+1. On the first execution, AVG(--) writes the content of S to D+2; on the

second execution it writes the content of S to D+3, etc. On the N^th execution,

AVG(--) writes the content of S is stored in D+N+1, AVG(--) calculates the av-

erage value of the values stored in D+2 to D+N+1, and writes the average to D.

472

Special Math Instructions

Section

7-23

The following diagram shows the function of words D to D+N+1.

Average value (after N or more executions)

D+1

Used by the system.

D+2

Content of S from the 1^st execution of AVG(--)

D+3

Content of S from the 2^nd execution of AVG(--)

D+N+1

Content of S from the N^th execution of AVG(--)

Precautions

The average value is calculated in binary. Be sure that the content of S is in

binary.

N must be BCD from #0001 to #0064. If the content of N ≥ #0065, AVG(--) will

operate with N=64.

The average value will be rounded off to the nearest integer value. (0.5 is

rounded up to 1.)

Set the contents of D+1 to #0000 to execute AVG(--) from the first scan.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

One or more operands have been set incorrectly.

D and D+N+1 are not in the same data area.

Example

In the following example, the content of IR 200 is set to #0000 and then increm-

ented by 1 each cycle. For the first two cycles, AVG(--) moves the content of

IR 200 to DM 1002 and DM 1003. On the third and later cycles AVG(--) calcu-

lates the average value of the contents of DM 1002 to DM 1004 and writes that

average value to DM 1000.

00001

@MOV(21)

Address

Instruction

Operands

#0000

00000

00001

200

00001

@MOV(21)

0000

AVG(--)

200

00002

AVG(--)

#0003

200

DM 1000

0003

1000

CLC(41)

00003

CLC(41)

00004

ADB(50)

200

ADB(50)

0001

200

#0001

200

1^st cycle

2^nd cycle

3^rd cycle

4^th cycle

IR 200

0000

0001

0002

0003

1^st cycle

2^nd cycle

3^rd cycle

4^th cycle

DM 1000

0000

0001

0002

Average

DM 1001

Used by the system.

DM 1002

0000

0003

DM 1003

---

0001

values of

DM 1004

---

0002

IR 200

473

Special Math Instructions

Section

7-23

7-23-5

SUM - SUM(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

C: Control data

SUM(--)

@SUM(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

R₁: First word in range

R₁

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

The 3 rightmost digits of C must be BCD between 001 and 999.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

If bit 14 of C is OFF (setting for BCD data), all data within the range R₁ to R₁+N-1

must be BCD.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, SUM(--) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, SUM(--) adds either the contents of words R₁ to

R₁+N-1 or the bytes in words R₁ to R₁+N/2-1 and outputs that value to the des-

tination words (D and D+1). The data can be summed as binary or BCD and will

be output in the same form. Binary data can be either signed or unsigned.

The function of bits in C are shown in the following diagram and explained in

more detail below.

Number of items in range (N, BCD)

Number of words or number of bytes

001 to 999

First byte (when bit 13 is ON)

1 (ON): Rightmost

0 (OFF): Leftmost

Addition units

1 (ON): Bytes

Data type

0 (OFF): Words

1 (ON): Binary

0 (OFF): BCD

Not used - set to zero.

Number of Items in Range

The number of items within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of

C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999. This number will indicate the num-

ber of words or the number of bytes depending the items being summed.

Addition Units

Words will be added if bit 13 is OFF and bytes will be added if bit 13 is ON.

If bytes are specified, the range can begin with the leftmost or rightmost byte of

R₁. The leftmost byte of R₁ will not be added if bit 12 is ON.

MSB LSB

R₁

R₁+1

R₁+2

R₁+3

474

Logic Instructions

Section

7-24

The bytes will be added in this order when bit 12 is OFF: 1+2+3+4

The bytes will be added in this order when bit 12 is ON: 2+3+4

Data Type

Data within the range is treated as unsigned binary when bit 14 of C is ON and bit

15 is OFF, and it is treated as signed binary when both bits 14 and 15 are ON.

Data within the range is treated as BCD when bit 14 of C is OFF, regardless of the

status of bit 15.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

R₁ and R₁+N-1 are not in the same data area.

The number of items in C is not BCD between 001 and 999.

The data being summed in not BCD when BCD was designated.

EQ:

ON when the result is zero.

Example

In the following example, the BCD contents of the 8 words from DM 0000 to

DM 0007 are added when IR 00001 is ON and the result is written to DM 0010

and DM 0011.

00001

Address

Instruction

Operands

@SUM(--)

#0008

00000

00001

DM 0000

00001

@SUM(--)

0008

DM 0010

0000

0010

DM 0000

0001

DM 0001

0002

DM 0002

0003

DM 0003

0004

DM 0010

0036

DM 0004

0005

DM 0011

0000

DM 0005

0006

DM 0006

0007

DM 0007

0008

7-24 Logic Instructions

7-24-1 COMPLEMENT - COM(29)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

Wd: Complement word

COM(29)

@COM(29)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, COM(29) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, COM(29) clears all ON bits and sets all OFF bits in

Wd.

475

Logic Instructions

Section

7-24

Precautions

The complement of Wd will be calculated every cycle if the undifferentiated form

of COM(29) is used. Use the differentiated form (@COM(29)) or combine

COM(29) with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to calculate the complement just once.

Example

Original

Complement

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-24-2 LOGICAL AND - ANDW(34)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ANDW(34)

@ANDW(34)

I2: Input 2

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, ANDW(34) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, ANDW(34) logically AND’s the contents of I1 and I2

bit-by-bit and places the result in R.

Example

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

476

Logic Instructions

Section

7-24

7-24-3 LOGICAL OR - ORW(35)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

ORW(35)

@ORW(35)

I2: Input 2

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, ORW(35) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, ORW(35) logically OR’s the contents of I1 and I2 bit-

by-bit and places the result in R.

Example

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-24-4 EXCLUSIVE OR - XORW(36)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

XORW(36)

@XORW(36)

I2: Input 2

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

477

Logic Instructions

Section

7-24

When the execution condition is OFF, XORW(36) is not executed. When the

Description

execution condition is ON, XORW(36) exclusively OR’s the contents of I1 and I2

bit-by-bit and places the result in R.

Example

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

7-24-5 EXCLUSIVE NOR - XNRW(37)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

I1: Input 1

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

XNRW(37)

@XNRW(37)

I2: Input 2

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

R: Result word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, XNRW(37) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, XNRW(37) exclusively NOR’s the contents of I1 and

I2 bit-by-bit and places the result in R.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

478

Increment/Decrement Instructions

Section

7-25

7-25 Increment/Decrement Instructions

7-25-1

BCD INCREMENT - INC(38)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

Wd: Increment word (BCD)

INC(38)

@INC(38)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, INC(38) is not executed. When the execu-

tion condition is ON, INC(38) increments Wd, without affecting Carry (CY).

Precautions

The content of Wd will be incremented every cycle if the undifferentiated form of

INC(38) is used. Use the differentiated form (@INC(38)) or combine INC(38)

with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to increment Wd just once.

Flags

ER:

Wd is not BCD

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the incremented result is 0.

7-25-2

BCD DECREMENT - DEC(39)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

Wd: Decrement word (BCD)

DEC(39)

@DEC(39)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for Wd.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, DEC(39) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, DEC(39) decrements Wd, without affecting CY.

DEC(39) works the same way as INC(38) except that it decrements the value

instead of incrementing it.

Precautions

The content of Wd will be decremented every cycle if the undifferentiated form of

DEC(39) is used. Use the differentiated form (@DEC(39)) or combine DEC(39)

with DIFU(13) or DIFD(14) to decrement Wd just once.

Flags

ER:

Wd is not BCD.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the decremented result is 0.

479

Subroutine Instructions

Section

7-26

Subroutine Instructions

Subroutines break large control tasks into smaller ones and enable you to reuse

a given set of instructions. When the main program calls a subroutine, control is

transferred to the subroutine and the subroutine instructions are executed. The

instructions within a subroutine are written in the same way as main program

code. When all the subroutine instructions have been executed, control returns

to the main program to the point just after the point from which the subroutine

was entered (unless otherwise specified in the subroutine).

7-26-1 SUBROUTINE ENTER - SBS(91)

Ladder Symbol

Definer Data Areas

N: Subroutine number

SBS(91) N

000 to 049

Limitations

The subroutine number must be between 000 and 049.

Description

A subroutine can be executed by placing SBS(91) in the main program at the

point where the subroutine is desired. The subroutine number used in SBS(91)

indicates the desired subroutine. When SBS(91) is executed (i.e., when the

execution condition for it is ON), the instructions between the SBN(92) with the

same subroutine number and the first RET(93) after it are executed before

execution returns to the instruction following the SBS(91) that made the call.

Main program

SBS(91)

000

Main program

SBN(92)

000

Subroutine

RET(93)

END(01)

SBS(91) may be used as many times as desired in the program, i.e., the same

subroutine may be called from different places in the program).

480

Subroutine Instructions

Section 7-26

SBS(91) may also be placed into a subroutine to shift program execution from

one subroutine to another, i.e., subroutines may be nested. When the second

subroutine has been completed (i.e., RET(93) has been reached), program

execution returns to the original subroutine which is then completed before re-

turning to the main program. Nesting is possible to up to sixteen levels. A sub-

routine cannot call itself (e.g., SBS(91) 000 cannot be programmed within the

subroutine defined with SBN(92) 000). The following diagram illustrates two lev-

els of nesting.

SBN(92) 010

SBN(92) 011

SBN(92) 012

SBS(91) 010

SBS(91) 011

SBS(91) 012

RET(93)

The following diagram illustrates program execution flow for various execution

conditions for two SBS(91).

SBS(91)

000

OFF execution conditions for

subroutines 000 and 001

Main

program

SBS(91)

001

ON execution condition for

subroutine 000 only

ON execution condition for

SBN(92)

000

subroutine 001 only

RET(93)

ON execution conditions for

SBN(92)

001

subroutines 000 and 001

Subroutines

RET(93)

END(01)

Flags

ER:

A subroutine does not exist for the specified subroutine number.

A subroutine has called itself.

An active subroutine has been called.

Caution SBS(91) will not be executed and the subroutine will not be called when ER is

ON.

481

Subroutine Instructions

Section

7-26

7-26-2 SUBROUTINE DEFINE and RETURN - SBN(92)/RET(93)

Ladder Symbols

Definer Data Areas

N: Subroutine number

SBN(92) N

000 to 049

RET(93)

Limitations

The subroutine number must be between 000 and 049.

Each subroutine number can be used in SBN(92) once only.

Description

SBN(92) is used to mark the beginning of a subroutine program; RET(93) is

used to mark the end. Each subroutine is identified with a subroutine number, N,

that is programmed as a definer for SBN(92). This same subroutine number is

used in any SBS(91) that calls the subroutine (see 7-26-1 SUBROUTINE EN-

TER - SBS(91)). No subroutine number is required with RET(93).

All subroutines must be programmed at the end of the main program. When one

or more subroutines have been programmed, the main program will be

executed up to the first SBN(92) before returning to address 00000 for the next

cycle. Subroutines will not be executed unless called by SBS(91).

END(01) must be placed at the end of the last subroutine program, i.e., after the

last RET(93). It is not required at any other point in the program.

Precautions

If SBN(92) is mistakenly placed in the main program, it will inhibit program

execution past that point, i.e., program execution will return to the beginning

when SBN(92) is encountered.

If either DIFU(13) or DIFU(14) is placed within a subroutine, the operand bit will

not be turned OFF until the next time the subroutine is executed, i.e., the oper-

and bit may stay ON longer than one cycle.

Flags

There are no flags directly affected by these instructions.

7-26-3

MACRO - MCRO(99)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

N: Subroutine number

000 to 127

MCRO(99)

@MCRO(99)

I1: First input word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

O1: First output word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

The subroutine number must be between 000 and 049.

Limitations

If a DM address is used for O1, O1 through O1+3 must be read/write DM.

Description

The MACRO instruction allows a single subroutine to replace several subrou-

tines that have identical structure but different operands. There are 4 input

words (SR 232 to SR 235) and 4 output words (SR 236 to SR 239), allocated to

MCRO(99). These 8 words are used in the subroutine and take their contents

from I1 to I1+3 and O1 to O1+3 when the subroutine is executed.

When the execution condition is OFF, MCRO(99) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, MCRO(99) copies the contents of I1 to I1+3 to SR 232

to SR 235, and then calls and executes the subroutine specified in N. When the

subroutine is completed, the contents of SR 236 through SR 239 are then trans-

ferred back to O1 to O1+3 before MCRO(99) is completed.

482

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Note Refer to page 153 for more details on MCRO(99).

Example

In this example, the contents of DM 0010 through DM 0013 are copied to SR 232

through SR 235, and then subroutine 10 is called and executed. When the sub-

routine is completed, the contents of SR 236 through SR 239 are copied to out-

put words DM 0020 to DM 0023.

Main program

MCRO(99)

010

DM 0010

DM 0020

Main program

SBN(92)

010

Subroutine

RET(93)

END(01)

Flags

ER:

A subroutine does not exist for the specified subroutine number.

An operand has exceeded a data area boundary.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

A subroutine has called itself.

An active subroutine has been called.

7-27 Pulse Output Instructions

7-27-1

SET PULSES - PULS(65)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

P: Port specifier

PULS(65)

@PULS(65)

000 or 010

C: Control data

000 or 001

N: Number of pulses

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is supported by the CPM1A and CPM2A/CPM2C PCs with

transistor outputs only.

N and N+1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for N.

483

Pulse Output Instructions

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7-27

Description

PULS(65) is used to set the number of pulses for pulse outputs that are started

later in the program using SPED(64) or ACC(--). The number of pulses set with

PULS(65) are output in independent mode.

The number of pulses cannot be changed while pulses are being output. In gen-

eral, PULS(65) should be executed just once each time that the number of

pulses needs to be set; use the differentiated variation (@PULS(65)) or an input

condition that is ON for just one cycle.

Note Refer to 2-5 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Port Specifier (P)

The port specifier indicates the pulse output location. The parameters set by the

in C and N will apply to the next SPED(64) or ACC(--) instruction in which the

same port output location is specified.

Pulse output location(s)

000

Single-phase pulse output 0 without acceleration or deceleration (output

01000) or single-phase pulse output 0 with trapezoidal acceleration and decel-

eration (outputs 01000 and 01001)

010

Single-phase pulse output 1 without acceleration or deceleration (output

01001)

This setting is supported by CPM2A/CPM2C PCs only.

Control Data (C)

The control data determines the type of pulses (relative or absolute).

Pulse type

000

Relative pulse specification

001

Absolute pulse specification (Valid only when the absolute coordinate system

is being used.)

This setting is supported by CPM2A/CPM2C PCs only.

Number of Output Pulses (N+1 and N)

N+1 and N contain the 8-digit BCD number of output pulses setting for indepen-

dent mode pulse outputs. The number of output pulses can be -16,777,215 to

16,777,215. Bit 15 of N+1 acts as a sign bit; the number is negative if bit 15 is ON,

positive if it is OFF.

Positive: 0 to +16,777,215 (0000 0000 to 1677 7215)

Negative: -16,777,215 to 0 (9677 7215 to 8000 0000)

N+1 contains the leftmost 4 digits and N contains the rightmost 4 digits.

Number of Movement

The number of movement pulses depends upon the number of output pulses

Pulses

(N+1 and N) and the pulse type (C).

Coordinate

Movement pulses

system

Relative

Number of movement pulses = Number of output pulses

Absolute

Pulse type: Relative (C=000)

Number of movement pulses = Number of output pulses

Pulse type: Absolute (C=001, CPM2A/CPM2C only)

Number of movement pulses = Number of output pulses - PV

After PULS(65) has been executed, the calculated number of movement pulses

will not be changed even if INI(61) is executed to change the pulse output PV.

A specification that causes movement outside of the allowed PV range

(-16,777,215 to 16,777,215) can be specified without problems.

PULS(65) will not be executed and an error will occur (SR 25503 ON) if the cal-

culated number of movement pulses is 0.

When the pulse output is operating in independent mode without acceleration or

deceleration and the number of movement pulses is negative, the absolute val-

484

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

ue of the number of movement pulses will be used. (For example, if the number

of movement pulses is -500, a value of 500 will be used.)

Flags

ER:

A data area boundary is exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

P is not 000 or 010.

C is not 000 or 001. (C cannot be set to 001 when relative coordinates

are being used.)

The number of output pulses is not between -16,777,215 and

16,777,215.

PULS(65) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or

high-speed counter instruction (INI(61), PRV(62), CTBL(63),

SPED(64), PULS(65), ACC(--), PWM(--), or SYNC(--)) is being

executed in the main program.

After PULS(65) is executed, the absolute value of the number of move-

ment pulses is not between 1 and 16,777,215.

7-27-2

SPEED OUTPUT- SPED(64)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

P: Port specifier

SPED(64)

@SPED(64)

001 or 010

M: Output mode

000 or 001

F: Target frequency

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations

This instruction is supported by the CPM1A and CPM2A/CPM2C PCs with

transistor outputs only.

In the CPM1A: F must be BCD, #0000 or #0002 to #0200.

In the CPM2A/CPM2C: F must be BCD, #0000 or #0001 to #1000.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for F.

Description

SPED(64) is used to set the output pulse frequency and start the pulse output

from the specified output bit. When the execution condition is OFF, SPED(64) is

not executed. When the execution condition is ON, SPED(64) sets the pulse fre-

quency F for the output bit specified by P. M determines the output mode.

In general, SPED(64) should be executed just once each time that the frequency

needs to be set; use the differentiated variation (@SPED(64)) or an input condi-

tion that is ON for just one cycle.

Note Refer to 2-5 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Port Specifier (P)

The port specifier indicates the output bit where the pulses will be output.

Pulse output location(s)

000

Single-phase pulse output 0 without acceleration or deceleration (output

01000)

010

Single-phase pulse output 1 without acceleration or deceleration (output

01001)

This setting is supported by CPM2A/CPM2C PCs only.

485

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Output Mode (M)

The value of M determines the output mode.

Pulse type

000

Independent mode

001

Continuous mode

Operation in independent mode and continuous mode is described below.

Target Frequency (F)

The 4-digit BCD value of F sets the pulse frequency in units of 10 Hz, as shown

below. Setting F to 0000 will stop the pulse output from the specified output bit.

Possible values of F

CPM1A

0000 (stops pulse output) or 0002 to 0200 (20 Hz to 2 kHz)

CPM2A/CPM2C

0000 (stops pulse output) or 0001 to 1000 (10 Hz to 10 kHz)

General Operation

The pulse output started by SPED(64) will continue until one of the following oc-

curs:

1, 2, 3...

1. The INI(61) instruction is executed with C=003.

2. In independent mode, the number of output pulses specified by PULS(65) is

reached. (Execute PULS(65) before SPED(64).)

3. SPED(64) is executed again with the target frequency, F, set to #0000.

4. The PC is switched to PROGRAM mode.

Pulses can be output simultaneously and independently from two output bits.

When outputting pulses in independent mode, specify the number of pulses be-

forehand by executing PULS(65). The number of output pulses must be speci-

fied again with PULS(65) each time that the pulse output has been stopped.

The frequency cannot be changed with SPED(64) when pulses are already be-

ing output from the specified output bit by ACC(--) or PWM(--). An error will

occur and SR 25503 will be turned ON if SPED(64) is executed under these cir-

cumstances.

Operation in Independent

In independent mode, just the number of output pulses set by PULS(65) will be

Mode

output. The number of output pulses must be specified by executing PULS(65)

before executing SPED(64). (Pulses won’t be output if the number of output

pulses has not been specified in advance.)

When the calculated number of movement pulses is negative, the absolute val-

ue of the number of movement pulses will be used. (For example, if the number

of movement pulses is -500, a value of 500 will be used.)

Pulse frequency

Time

486

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Operation in Continuous

In continuous mode, pulses will be output indefinitely until stopped by executing

Mode

INI(61) with C=003, executing SPED(64) again with F=0000, or switching the

PC to PROGRAM mode.

Pulse frequency

Time

Flags

ER:

A data area boundary is exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

P is not 000 or 010, M is not 000 or 001, or F is not 0000 to 1000.

SPED(64) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or

high-speed counter instruction (INI(61), PRV(62), CTBL(63),

SPED(64), PULS(65), ACC(--), PWM(--), or SYNC(--)) is being

executed in the main program.

7-27-3

ACCELERATION CONTROL - ACC(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

P: Port specifier

ACC(--)

@ACC(--)

000

M: Mode specifier

000, 002, or 010 to 013

C: First control word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

P must be 001 or 002 and M must be 000 to 003.

C to C+3 must be in the same data area.

Description

ACC(--) is used to specify the acceleration/deceleration rate and start the pulse

output for a pulse output with trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration.

In general, ACC(--) should be executed just once each time that the accelera-

tion/deceleration rate needs to be set; use the differentiated variation

(@ACC(--)) or an input condition that is ON for just one cycle.

Note Refer to 2-5 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Port Specifier (P)

Always set the port specifier to 000. The 000 setting specifies single-phase

pulse output 0 with trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration.

487

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Mode Specifier (M)

The value of M determines the output mode.

Mode

Note

000

Independent mode and up/down pulse output mode

---

002

Independent mode and pulse + direction output mode

---

010

CW (continuous mode and up/down pulse output mode)

CW: Clockwise

011

CCW (continuous mode and up/down pulse output mode)

CCW: Counter-

012

CW (continuous mode and pulse + direction output mode)

clockwise

013

CCW (continuous mode and pulse + direction output mode)

In independent mode, the output direction is set when PULS(65) is executed.

Control Words (C, C+1, and C+2)

The 3 control words indicate the acceleration rate, target frequency, and decel-

eration rate. (Each frequency is set in multiples of 10 Hz.)

Word

Function

The content of C determines the acceleration rate.

During acceleration, the output frequency is increased by the amount set in

C every 10 ms. C must be BCD from 0001 to 1000 (10 Hz to 10 kHz).

C+1

The content of C+1 specifies the target frequency.

C+1 must be BCD from 0001 to 1000 (10 Hz to 10 kHz).

C+2

The content of C+2 determines the deceleration rate.

During deceleration, the output frequency is decreased by the amount set

in C+2 every 10 ms. C must be BCD from 0001 to 1000 (10 Hz to 10 kHz).

General Operation

Two output bits are required for pulse outputs controlled by ACC(--).

Up/down pulse output mode

IR 01000 (CW operation)

IR 01001 (CCW operation)

Pulse + direction output mode

IR 01000 (Pulse output)

IR 01001 (Direction specifier)

The pulse output will start when ACC(--) is executed and the output frequency

will be increased every 10 ms by amount specified in control word C. When the

target frequency (specified in C+1) is reached, acceleration is stopped and the

pulse output continues at a constant frequency.

When the pulse output is operating with trapezoidal acceleration and decelera-

tion, the pulse output can be stopped by one of the following methods.

1, 2, 3...

1. Execute the INI(61) instruction with C=003. (Immediate stop)

2. In independent mode, the number of output pulses specified by PULS(65) is

reached. (Decelerates to a stop.)

3. ACC(--) is executed with the target frequency (in C+1) set to 0000.

a) When pulses are being output in independent mode, the output will de-

celerate to a stop at the deceleration rate set when the pulse output was

started.

b) When pulses are being output in continuous mode, the output will decel-

erate to a stop at the specified deceleration rate.

4. Switch the PC to PROGRAM mode. (Immediate stop)

488

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Operation in Independent

In independent mode, just the number of output pulses set by PULS(65) will be

Mode

output. The number of output pulses must be specified by executing PULS(65)

before executing ACC(--). (Pulses won’t be output if the number of output

pulses has not been specified in advance.)

Pulse frequency

Time

The number of output pulses must be specified again with PULS(65) each time

that the pulse output has been stopped.

In independent mode, the pulse output will begin decelerating at the point deter-

mined by the preset number of output pulses and the acceleration/deceleration

rates. The pulse output will stop when the preset number of output pulses has

been output.

Pulse frequency

Time

(The number of output pulses is always accurately output.)

If the number of output pulses required for acceleration and deceleration (the

time to reach the target frequency × the target frequency) exceeds the preset

number of pulses, the acceleration and deceleration will be cut short and the

pulse output will be triangular rather than trapezoidal.

Pulse frequency

Time

(The number of output pulses is always accurately output.)

If a high acceleration/deceleration rate and a low number of output pulses are

set, there will be effectively no acceleration and deceleration. (The pulse output

will operate at a constant speed.)

If the (target frequency ÷ acceleration/deceleration rate) is not an integer value,

the specified acceleration/deceleration rates will be increased or decreased. In

the following example, the acceleration and deceleration are 10-ms long, (1) is

the acceleration/deceleration rate, and (2) is the target frequency.

Pulse frequency

Time

10 ms

489

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Operation in Continuous

In continuous mode, pulses will be output indefinitely until stopped by executing

Mode

INI(61) with C=003, executing ACC(--) again with the target frequency (in C+1)

set to 0000, or switching the PC to PROGRAM mode.

Pulse frequency

Time

The following conditions apply when ACC(--) is executed while pulses are al-

ready being output with trapezoidal acceleration/deceleration.

• ACC(--) will have no effect if it is executed when the pulse output is accelerat-

ing or decelerating.

• When ACC(--) is executed while pulses are being output in continuous mode,

the frequency can be changed to a new target frequency (0001 to 1000: 10 Hz

to 10 kHz) with the set acceleration/deceleration rates.

• If pulses are being output in independent mode, the pulse output can be decel-

erated to a stop while by executing ACC(--) with the target frequency (in C+1)

set to 0000. The acceleration/deceleration rates and number of output pulses

won’t be checked or changed.

• ACC(--) will have no effect if it is executed when pulses are being output by

one of the following instructions. (The pulse output will continue unchanged.)

Pulses being output from output 01000 by SPED(64).

Pulses being output from output 01001 by SPED(64).

Pulses being output from output 01000 by PWM(--).

Pulses being output from output 01001 by PWM(--).

Note Be sure to check the status of the pulse output before executing ACC(--).

Flags

ER:

A data area boundary is exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

P is not 000.

M is not 000, 002, or 010 to 013. (The mode specifier is read only when

starting the pulse output.)

ACC(--) is executed for a bit from which pulses are already being out-

put by PWM(--) or SPED(64).

ACC(--) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or high-

speed counter instruction (INI(61), PRV(62), CTBL(63), SPED(64),

PULS(65), ACC(--), PWM(--), or SYNC(--)) is being executed in the

main program.

7-27-4

PULSE WITH VARIABLE DUTY RATIO - PWM(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

P: Port specifier

PWM(--)

@PWM(--)

000 or 010

F: Frequency

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

D: Duty ratio

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

490

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

P must be 000 or 010, F must be BCD between 0001 and 9999, and D must be

BCD between 0001 and 0100.

Description

PWM(--) is used to output pulses with the specified duty ratio from the specified

output bit. The pulse output continues until PWM(--) is executed again with a

different duty ratio, INI(61) is executed with C=003, or the PC is switched to

PROGRAM mode.

In general, PWM(--) should be executed just once to start the pulse output; use

the differentiated variation (@PWM(--)) or an input condition that is ON for just

one cycle.

Variable duty-ratio pulses can be output simultaneously and independently from

two output bits.

When variable duty-ratio pulses are being output from an output bit and

PWM(--) is executed for that bit again with a different duty ratio, pulses will con-

tinue being output with the new duty ratio. The frequency cannot be changed.

PWM(--) cannot be executed for an output bit if pulses are already being output

from that bit by SPED(64) or ACC(--). An error will occur and SR 25503 will be

turned ON if PWM(--) is executed under these circumstances.

Note Refer to 2-5 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Port Specifier (P)

The port specifier indicates the output bit where the pulses will be output.

Pulse output location(s)

000

Variable duty-ratio pulse output 0 (output 01000)

010

Variable duty-ratio pulse output 1 (output 01001)

Frequency (F)

The 4-digit BCD value of F sets the pulse frequency in units of 0.1 Hz. The fre-

quency can be set between 0001 and 9999 (0.1 to 999.9 Hz).

Duty Ratio (D)

The 4-digit BCD value of D specifies the duty ratio of the pulse output, i.e., the

percentage of time that the output is ON. The duty ratio can be set between 0001

and 0100 (1% to 100%). The duty ratio is 75% in the following diagram.

t_on

+ D (1% to 100%)

Flags

ER:

A data area boundary is exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

P is not 000 or 010, F is not BCD between 0001 and 9999, or D is not

BCD between 0001 and 0100. (The frequency setting in F is read only

when starting the pulse output.)

ACC(--) is executed for a bit from which pulses are already being out-

put by ACC(--) or SPED(64).

PWM(--) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or

high-speed counter instruction (INI(61), PRV(62), CTBL(63),

SPED(64), PULS(65), ACC(--), PWM(--), or SYNC(--)) is being

executed in the main program.

491

Pulse Output Instructions

Section

7-27

7-27-5

SYNCHRONIZED PULSE CONTROL - SYNC(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

P1: Input port specifier

SYNC(--)

@SYNC(--)

000

P2: Output port specifier

000 or 010

C: Scaling factor

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C only.

P1 must be 000 and P2 must be 000 or 010.

Description

SYNC(--) takes the frequency of the input pulse received through the high-

speed counter inputs, multiplies it by a fixed scaling factor, and outputs pulses

from the specified output bit at the resulting frequency.

Output frequency = Input frequency × Scaling factor/100

In general, SYNC(--) should be executed just once each time that synchronized

pulse output control needs to be set; use the differentiated variation

(@SYNC(--)) or an input condition that is ON for just one cycle.

Note Refer to 2-5 Pulse Output Functions for more details.

Input Port Specifier (P1)

Always set P1 to 000.

Output Port Specifier (P2)

The value of P2 determines where the scaled pulse frequency is output.

Pulse output location(s)

000

Synchronized pulse output 0 (output 01000)

010

Synchronized pulse output 1 (output 01001)

Scaling Factor (C)

The 4-digit BCD value of C sets the scaling factor by which the input frequency is

multiplied. The scaling factor can be set between 0001 and 1000 (1 to 1,000%).

PC Setup Settings and

The counter input mode for inputs 00000 and 00001 is set in bits 00 to 03 of

General Operation

DM 6642.

DM 6642 bits 00 to 03

High-speed counter setting

Differential phase mode (5 kHz)

Pulse + direction input mode (20 kHz)

Up/down input mode (20 kHz)

Increment mode (20 kHz)

Input Frequency Range

The input frequency range for the synchronized pulse control is set in bits 08 to

15 of DM 6642, as shown in the following table.

DM 6642 bits 08 to 15

Function of inputs 00000 and 00001

Use for synchronized pulse control (10 to 500 Hz)

Use for synchronized pulse control (20 Hz to 1 kHz).

Use for synchronized pulse control (300 Hz to 20 kHz).

Synchronized pulse control cannot be executed unless inputs 00000 to 00003

are set for synchronized pulse control in bits 08 to 15 (settings 02, 03, and 04).

An error will occur and SR 25503 will be turned ON if SYNC(--) is executed but

DM 6642 is not set for synchronized pulse control.

492

Special Instructions

Section

7-28

The high-speed counter function and pulse output functions cannot be used whi-

le synchronized pulse control is in operation. An error will occur and SR 25503

will be turned ON if a related pulse output instruction is executed to use one of

these functions while synchronized pulse control is being performed.

If the input frequency exceeds the maximum in the table above, the maximum

input frequency for that range will be used. If the input frequency falls below the

minimum, an input frequency of 0 Hz will be used.

Output Frequency Range

The output frequency range is 10 Hz to 10 kHz. If the calculated output frequen-

cy (input frequency × scaling factor/100) exceeds 10 kHz, pulses will be output at

10 kHz. If the calculated output frequency falls below 10 Hz, pulses will not be

output (0 Hz).

Changing the Scaling Factor or Output Port

The scaling factor can be changed while synchronized pulse control is in opera-

tion by executing SYNC(--) again with a different scaling factor, but the output

port specifier cannot be changed during operation.

Stopping the Synchronized Pulse Control Output

The synchronized pulse output can be stopped by executing INI(61) with C=005

or switching the PC to PROGRAM mode.

Flags

ER:

A data area boundary is exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

P1 is not 000, P2 is not 000 or 010, or C is not BCD between 0001 and

1000.

SYNC(--) is executed when bits 08 to 15 of DM 6642 are not set for

synchronized pulse control.

SYNC(--) is executed in an interrupt subroutine while a pulse I/O or

high-speed counter instruction (INI(61), PRV(62), CTBL(63),

SPED(64), PULS(65), ACC(--), PWM(--), or SYNC(--)) is being

executed in the main program.

7-28 Special Instructions

7-28-1

MESSAGE DISPLAY - MSG(46)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

FM: First message word

MSG(46)

@MSG(46)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

DM 6649 to DM 6655 cannot be used for FM.

Description

When executed with an ON execution condition, MSG(46) reads eight words of

extended ASCII code from FM to FM+7 and displays the message on the Pro-

gramming Console. The displayed message can be up to 16 characters long,

i.e., each ASCII character code requires eight bits (two digits). Refer to Appen-

dix G for the ASCII codes. Japanese katakana characters are included in this

code.

If not all eight words are required for the message, it can be stopped at any point

by inputting “OD.” When OD is encountered in a message, no more words will be

read and the words that normally would be used for the message can be used for

other purposes.

493

Special Instructions

Section 7-28

Message Buffering and

Up to three messages can be buffered in memory. Once stored in the buffer, they

Priority

are displayed on a first in, first out basis. Since it is possible that more than three

MSG(46)s may be executed within a single cycle, there is a priority scheme,

based on the area where the messages are stored, for the selection of those

messages to be buffered.

The priority of the data areas is as follows for message display:

LR > IR > HR > AR > TC > DM

In handling messages from the same area, those with the lowest ad-

dress values have higher priority.

In handling indirectly addressed messages (i.e. *DM), those with the

lowest final DM addresses have higher priority.

Clearing Messages

To clear a message, execute FAL(06) 00 or clear it via a Programming Console

or the Support Software.

If the message data changes while the message is being displayed, the display

will also change.

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

Example

The following example shows the display that would be produced for the instruc-

tion and data given when 00000 was ON. If 00001 goes ON, a message will be

cleared.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

MSG(46)

00000

DM 0010

00001

MSG(46)

00001

FAL(06) 00

0010

00002

00001

00003

FAL(06)

DM contents

ASCII

equivalent

DM 0010

DM 0011

MSG

DM 0012

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP

DM 0013

DM 0014

DM 0015

DM 0016

DM 0017

7-28-2

I/O REFRESH - IORF(97)

Ladder Symbol

Operand Data Areas

St: Starting word

IORF(97)

IR 000 to IR 019

E: End word

IR 000 to IR 019

Note This instruction is not supported by SRM1(-V2) PCs.

Limitations

St must be less than or equal to E.

494

Special Instructions

Section 7-28

Description

To refresh I/O words, specify the first (St) and last (E) I/O words to be refreshed.

When the execution condition for IORF(97) is ON, all words between St and E

will be refreshed. This will be in addition to the normal I/O refresh performed dur-

ing the CPU Unit’s cycle.

(If St>E, IORF(97) will be treated as NOP(00).)

Normally, I/O refreshing is performed just once each cycle at the end of program

execution, but IORF(97) can be used to refresh I/O words immediately during

program execution.

Caution Although IORF(97) can be used in interrupt subroutines, you must be careful of

the interval between IORF(97) executions. If IORF(97) is executed to frequently,

a fatal system error may occur (FALS 9F), stopping operation. The interval be-

tween executions of IORF(97) should be at least 1.3 ms + total execution time of

the interrupt subroutine.

Flags

ER:

St or E is not within the allowed range (IR 000 to IR 019).

St is greater than E. (If St>E, IORF(97) will be treated as NOP(00).)

Flags

There are no flags affected by this instruction.

7-28-3

BIT COUNTER - BCNT(67)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

N: Number of words (BCD)

BCNT(67)

@BCNT(67)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

SB: Source beginning word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

R: Destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

Note BCNT(67) is an expansion instruction in the CPM2A/CPM2C and SRM1(-V2).

The function code 67 is the factory setting and can be changed for if desired.

Limitations

N cannot be 0.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for R.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, BCNT(67) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, BCNT(67) counts the total number of bits that are ON

in all words between SB and SB+(N-1) and places the result in R.

Flags

ER:

N is not BCD, or N is 0; SB and SB+(N-1) are not in the same area.

A DM address is used for SB, but SB through SB+(N-1) are not all in

read/write DM.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

EQ:

ON when the result is 0.

495

Special Instructions

Section

7-28

7-28-4

FRAME CHECKSUM - FCS(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

C: Control data

FCS(--)

@FCS(--)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

R₁: First word in range

R₁

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

D: First destination word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C/SRM1(-V2) only.

The 3 rightmost digits of C must be BCD between 001 and 999.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D.

Description

FCS(--) can be used to check for errors when transferring data through commu-

nications ports.

When the execution condition is OFF, FCS(--) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, FCS(--) calculates the frame checksum of the speci-

fied range by exclusively ORing either the contents of words R₁ to R₁+N-1 or the

bytes in words R₁ to R₁+N-1. The frame checksum value (hexadecimal) is then

converted to ASCII and output to the destination words (D and D+1).

The function of bits in C are shown in the following diagram and explained in

more detail below.

Number of items in range (N, BCD)

001 to 999 words or bytes

First byte (when bit 13 is ON)

1 (ON): Rightmost

0 (OFF): Leftmost

Calculation units

Not used. Set to zero.

1 (ON): Bytes

0 (OFF): Words

Number of Items in Range

The number of items within the range (N) is contained in the 3 rightmost digits of

C, which must be BCD between 001 and 999.

Calculation Units

The frame checksum of words will be calculated if bit 13 is OFF and the frame

checksum of bytes will be calculated if bit 13 is ON.

If bytes are specified, the range can begin with the leftmost or rightmost byte of

R₁. The leftmost byte of R₁ will not be included if bit 12 is ON.

MSB LSB

R₁

R₁+1

R₁+2

R₁+3

When bit 12 is OFF the bytes will be ORed in this order: 1, 2, 3, 4,

When bit 12 is ON the bytes will be ORed in this order: 2, 3, 4, 5,

Conversion to ASCII

The byte frame checksum calculation yields a 2-digit hexadecimal value which is

converted to its 4-digit ASCII equivalent. The word frame checksum calculation

496

Interrupt Control Instructions

Section

7-29

yields a 4-digit hexadecimal value which is converted to its 8-digit ASCII equiva-

lent, as shown below.

Byte frame checksum value

Word frame checksum value

F10B

D+1

Flags

ER:

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

The number of items is not 001 to 999 BCD.

Example

When IR 00000 is ON in the following example, the frame checksum (0008) is

calculated for the 8 words from DM 0000 to DM 0007 and the ASCII equivalent

(30 30 30 38) is written to DM 0010 and DM 0011.

00000

Address

Instruction

Operands

@FCS(--)

#0008

00000

DM 0000

00001

@FCS(--)

0008

DM 0010

0000

0010

FCS

DM 0000

0001

calculation

DM 0001

0002

DM 0002

0003

DM 0003

0004

DM 0004

0005

ASCII code

DM 0005

0006

conversion

DM 0006

0007

DM 0010

DM 001

DM 0007

0008

7-29

Interrupt Control Instructions

This section describes the operation of INT(89) and STIM(69). For general infor-

mation on interrupt processing in CPM1/CPM1A, CPM2A/CPM2C, or

SRM1(-V2) PCs refer to the section shown in the following table.

Reference

CPM1/CPM1A

See 2-3 CPM1/CPM1A Interrupt Functions.

CPM2A/CPM2C

See 2-1 CPM2A/CPM2C Interrupt Functions.

SRM1(-V2)

See 2-4 SRM1 Interrupt Functions.

7-29-1 INTERRUPT CONTROL - INT(89)

Operand Data Areas

Ladder Symbols

C1: Control code

# (000 to 004, 100, or 200)

INT(89)

@INT(89)

000: No function

000

C2: Control data

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

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Interrupt Control Instructions

Section

7-29

Note

This instruction is not supported by SRM1(-V2) PCs.

Limitations

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for C2 when C1=002.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, INT(89) is not executed. When the execu-

tion condition is ON, INT(89) is used to control interrupts and performs one of the

seven functions shown in the following table depending on the value of C1.

INT(89) function

000

Mask/unmask interrupt inputs

001

Clear interrupt inputs

002

Read current mask status of interrupt inputs

003

Restart decrementing counter and unmask interrupt

004*

Restart incrementing counter and unmask interrupt

100

Mask all interrupts

200

Unmask all interrupts

Note

*This setting can be used in CPM2A/CPM2C PCs only.

Mask/Unmask Interrupt

This function is used to mask and unmask interrupt inputs 00003 to 00006.

Inputs (C1=000)

Masked inputs are recorded, but ignored. When an input is masked, the interrupt

program for it will be run as soon as the bit is unmasked (unless it is cleared be-

forehand by executing INT(89) with C1=001).

Set the corresponding bit in C2 to 0 or 1 to unmask or mask an interrupt input.

Bits 00 to 03 correspond to 00003 to 00006. Bits 04 to 15 should be set to 0.

Word C2 bits:

3210

Interrupt input 00003 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

Interrupt input 00004 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

Interrupt input 00005 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

Interrupt input 00006 (0: unmask, 1: mask)

All of the interrupt inputs are masked at the start of PC operation, so the inputs

must be unmasked in order to be used.

Clear Interrupt Inputs

This function is used to clear interrupt inputs 00003 to 00006. Since interrupt in-

(C1=001)

puts are recorded, masked interrupts will be serviced as soon as the mask is re-

moved unless they are cleared first.

Set the corresponding bit in C2 to 1 to clear an I/O interrupt input. Bits 00 to 03

correspond to 00003 to 00006. Bits 04 to 15 should be set to 0.

Word C2 bits:

3210

Interrupt input 00003 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Interrupt input 00004 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Interrupt input 00005 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Interrupt input 00006 (0: Do not clear, 1: clear)

Read Current Mask Status

This function reads the current mask status for interrupt inputs 00003 to 00006

(C1=002)

and writes that information to word C2. The corresponding bit will be ON if the

input is masked. (Bits 00 to 03 correspond to 00003 to 00006.)

Word C2 bits:

3210

Interrupt input 00003 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Interrupt input 00004 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Interrupt input 00005 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Interrupt input 00006 (0: not masked, 1: masked)

Restart Counter and

These functions are used to restart interrupt inputs (counter mode) by refreshing

Unmask Interrupt

the counter SV (in SR 240 to SR 243) and unmasking the interrupt input (00003

(C1=003 or C1=004)

to 00006).

498

Interrupt Control Instructions

Section

7-29

Set C1=3 to restart decrementing counters or C1=4 (CPM2A/CPM2C PCs only)

to restart incrementing counters.

Set the corresponding bit in C2 to 0 to refresh the input’s counter SV and unmask

the interrupt. (Bits 00 to 03 correspond to 00003 to 00006.)

Word C2 bits:

3210

Interrupt input 00003 counter

Interrupt input 00004 counter

Interrupt input 00005 counter

Interrupt input 00006 counter

Use the differentiated variation (@INT(89)) or an input condition that is ON for

just one cycle when executing INT(89) with C1=003 or C1=004. The counter PV

will be reset to the SV if INT(89) is executed while the counter is operating, so the

interrupt will never be generated if INT(89) is executed every cycle.

When INT(89) is executed with C1=003 or C1=004 and the SV word contains a

non-zero SV (0001 to FFFF), the corresponding counter will begin operating

(decrementing or incrementing) and the corresponding interrupt will be enabled

in counter mode. When the count reaches the SV, an interrupt will be generated

and the PV will be returned to the SV, so interrupts will be generated repeatedly

until the counter is stopped.

Writing 0000 to a counter’s SV word (SR 240 to SR 243) and executing INT(89)

to refresh the SV will stop the counter and disable the corresponding interrupt.

To restart the counter, write the non-zero SV to its SV word and execute INT(89).

(The SV words are reset to 0000 at the start of operation, so the counter’s SV

must be written to its SV word from the ladder program.)

When an interrupt has already been enabled (unmasked), the SV cannot be re-

freshed just by writing a new value to the SV word. Refresh the SV by executing

INT(89) with C1=003 (C1=004 for an incrementing counter).

A counter mode interrupt can be masked by executing INT(89) with C1=000 and

the corresponding bit in C2 set to 1, but an input will operate in interrupt input

mode, not counter mode, when its corresponding bit in C2 is set to 0.

Masking or Unmasking All

All interrupts, including input interrupts, interval timer interrupts, and high-speed

Interrupts

counter interrupts, can be masked or unmasked as a group by executing

(C1=100 or C1=200)

INT(89) with C1=100 or C1=200. The masked inputs are recorded, but ignored.

The global mask is in addition to any masks on the individual types of interrupts.

Furthermore, clearing the masks for all interrupts does not clear the masks on

the individual types of interrupts, but restores them to the masked conditions that

existed before INT(89) was executed to mask them as a group.

Do not use INT(89) to mask interrupts unless it is necessary to temporarily mask

all interrupts. Always use INT(89) instructions in pairs to do so, using the first

INT(89) instruction to mask all interrupts and the second one to unmask all inter-

rupts.

INT(89) cannot be used to mask and unmask all interrupts from within interrupt

routines.

Masking Interrupts (C1=100)

Use the INT(89) instruction with C1=100 to mask all interrupts.

(@)INT(89)

100

000

If an interrupt is generated while interrupts are masked, interrupt processing will

not be executed but the interrupt will be recorded for the input, interval timer, and

high-speed counter interrupts. The interrupts will then be serviced as soon as

interrupts are unmasked.

499

Interrupt Control Instructions

Section

7-29

Unmasking Interrupts (C1=200)

Use the INT(89) instruction with C1=200 to unmask interrupts as follows:

(@)INT(89)

200

000

Flags

ER:

A data area boundary is exceeded.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

C1 is not 000 to 004,100, or 200.

C2 is not 0000 to 000F.

INT(89) is executed with C1=100 or C1=200 while an interrupt program

was being executed.

INT(89) is executed with C1=100 when all inputs were already masked.

C1=200 when inputs were not all unmasked.

7-29-2

INTERVAL TIMER - STIM(69)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

C1: Control data #1

STIM(69)

@STIM(69)

000 to 008, 010 to 012

C2: Control data #2

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

C3: Control data #3

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Note

STIM(69) is an expansion instruction in the CPM2A/CPM2C and SRM1(-V2).

The function code 69 is the default setting and can be changed if desired.

Limitations

C1 must be 000, 003, 006. or 010.

If C1 is 000 or 003, C3 represents a BCD subroutine number up to 0049.

If C1 is 006, constants cannot be used for C2 or C3.

If C1 is 010, both C2 and C3 must be set to 000.

Description

STIM(69) is used to control the interval timers by performing four basic func-

tions: starting the timer for a one-shot interrupt, starting the timer for scheduled

interrupts, reading the timer’s PV, and stopping the timer. Set the value of C1 to

specify which of these functions will be performed, as shown in the following

table. Refer to Section 2 Special Features for more detailed descriptions of using

interval timer interrupts. STIM(69) is also described in more detail after the table.

C1 value

Function

000

Starts the one-shot interrupt timer.

003

Starts the scheduled interrupt timer.

006

Reads the timer PV.

010

Stops the timer.

Starting Interrupt Timers

Set C1=000 to activate the one-shot interrupt timer. Set C1=003 to start the

(C1= 000 or 003)

scheduled interrupt timer.

500

Communications Instructions

Section

7-30

C2, which specifies the timer’s SV, can be a constant or the first of two words

containing the SV. The settings are slightly different depending on the method

used.

C2 = Constant

If C2 is a constant, it specifies the SV of the decrementing counter in BCD. The

setting range is 0000 to 9999 (0 to 9.999 ms). (The timing units are fixed at 1 ms.)

C3 specifies subroutine number: 0000 to 0049.

C2 = Word Address

If C2 is a word address, the content of C2 contains the SV of the decrementing

counter (BCD, 0000 to 9999).

The content of C2+1 specifies the timing units (BCD, 0005 to 0320) in units of

0.1 ms. The decrementing time interval can thus be 0.5 to 32 ms.

The timer SV is: (the content of C2) × (the content of C2+1) × 0.1 ms.

C3 specifies subroutine number: 0000 to 0049.

Reading the Timer PV

Set C1=006 to read the timer PV.

(C1=006)

C2 specifies the first of two destination words that will receive the timer’s PV. C2

receives the number of times the decrementing counter has been decremented

(hexadecimal, 0000 to 9999) and C2+1 receives the timing units (BCD in 0.1 ms

units).

C3 specifies the destination word that receives the time which has elapsed since

the last time the timer was decremented (BCD in 0.1 ms units).

Note The time that has elapsed since the timer was started is computed as follows:

((Content of C2) × (Content of C2+1)) + ((Content of C3)) × 0.1 ms

Stopping the Timer

Set C1=010 to stop the timer. C2 and C3 have no function and should both be set

(C=010)

to 000.

Flags

ER:

C1 is not 000, 003, 006, or 010.

A specified subroutine number is not between 0000 and 0049.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

A data area boundary has been exceeded.

7-30 Communications Instructions

7-30-1

RECEIVE - RXD(47)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

D: First destination word

RXD(47)

@RXD(47)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

C: Control word

N: Number of bytes

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C and SRM1(-V2) only.

D and D+(N÷2)-1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for D or N.

501

Communications Instructions

Section 7-30

N must be BCD from #0000 to #0256. (#0000 to #0061 in Host Link mode)

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, RXD(47) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, RXD(47) reads N bytes of data received at the port

specified in the control word, and then writes that data in words D to D+(N÷2)-1.

Up to 256 bytes of data can be read at one time.

If fewer than N bytes are received, the amount received will be read.

Note

Refer to 4-1Communications Functions for details on using the RXD(47) instruc-

tion, setting communications protocol in the PC Setup, etc.

Caution

The PC will be incapable of receiving more data once 256 bytes have been re-

ceived if received data is not read using RXD(47). Read data as soon as pos-

sible after the Reception Completed Flag is turned ON (AR 0806 for the

RS-232C port, AR 0814 for the peripheral port.)

Control Word

The value of the control word determines the port from which data will be read

and the order in which data will be written to memory.

Digit number:

3210

Byte order

0: Most significant bytes first, same word

1: Least significant bytes first, same word

Not used. (Set to 00.)

Port

0: RS-232C port.

1: Peripheral port.

The order in which data is written to memory depends on the value of digit 0 of C.

Eight bytes of data 12345678... will be written in the following manner:

Digit 0 = 0

Digit 0 = 1

MSB LSB

D+1

D+2

D+3

Digit 0 = 2

Digit 0 = 3

MSB LSB

D+1

D+2

D+3

Flags

ER:

The settings in C are not correct.

N is greater than 256.

The PC Setup is not set for no-protocol mode.

RXD(47) is already being executed.

AR 08: AR 0806 will be turned ON when data has been received normally at the

RS-232C port. Reset when RXD(47) is executed.

502

Communications Instructions

Section

7-30

AR 0814 will be turned ON when data has been received normally at the

peripheral port. Reset when RXD(47) is executed.

AR 09: Contains the number of bytes received at the RS-232C port. Reset to

0000 when RXD(47) is executed.

AR 10: Contains the number of bytes received at the peripheral port. Reset to

0000 when RXD(47) is executed.

Note Communications flags and counters can be cleared either by specifying 0000 for

N or using the Port Reset Bits (SR 25208 for peripheral port and SR 25209 for

RS-232C port.)

7-30-2

TRANSMIT - TXD(48)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

S: First source word

TXD(48)

@TXD(48)

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR

C: Control word

N: Number of bytes

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, TC, LR, #

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C and SRM1(-V2) only.

S and S+(N÷2)-1 must be in the same data area.

DM 6144 to DM 6655 cannot be used for S or N.

N must be BCD from #0000 to #0256. (#0000 to #0061 in Host Link mode)

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, TXD(48) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, TXD(48) reads N bytes of data from words S to

S+(N÷2)-1, converts it to ASCII, and outputs the data from the specified port.

TXD(48) operates differently in Host Link mode and RS-232C mode, so these

modes are described separately.

Note

1. Flag AR 0805 will be ON when the PC is capable of transmitting data

through the RS-232C port and AR 0813 will be ON when the PC is capable

of transmitting data through the peripheral port.

2. Refer to 4-1 Communications Functions for details on using the TXD(48)

instruction, setting communications protocol in the PC Setup, etc.

Host Link Mode

N must be BCD from #0000 to #0061 (i.e., up to 122 bytes of ASCII). The value of

the control word determines the port from which data will be output, as shown

below.

Digit number:

3210

Not used. (Set to 000.)

Port

0: Specifies RS-232C port.

1: Specifies peripheral port.

503

Communications Instructions

Section

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The specified number of bytes will be read from S through S+(N/2)-1, converted

to ASCII, and transmitted through the specified port. The bytes of source data

shown below will be transmitted in this order: 12345678...

MSB LSB

S+1

S+2

S+3

The following diagram shows the format for Host Link command (TXD) sent from

the CPM2A/CPM2C. The CPM2A/CPM2C automatically attaches the prefixes

and suffixes, such as the node number, header, and FCS.

E X

∗ CR

Node

Header

Data (122 ASCII characters max.)

FCS Terminator

number code

RS-232C Mode

N must be BCD from #0000 to #00256. The value of the control word determines

the port from which data will be output and the order in which data will be written

to memory.

Control Word

The value of the control word determines the port from which data will be read

and the order in which data will be written to memory.

Digit number:

3210

Byte order

0: Most significant bytes first

1: Least significant bytes first

Not used. (Set to 00.)

Port

0: Specifies RS-232C port.

1: Specifies peripheral port.

The specified number of bytes will be read from S through S+(N÷2)-1 and trans-

mitted through the specified port.

MSB LSB

S+1

S+2

S+3

When digit 0 of C is 0, the bytes of source data shown above will be transmitted in

this order: 12345678...

When digit 0 of C is 1, the bytes of source data shown above will be transmitted in

this order: 21436587...

Note When start and end codes are specified the total data length should be 256 bytes

max., including the start and end codes.

Flags

ER:

The settings in C are not correct.

N is greater than 256 for no-protocol mode or greater than 61 for Host

Link mode.

504

Communications Instructions

Section

7-30

The PC Setup is not set for the correct communications mode.

Indirectly addressed DM word is non-existent. (Content of *DM word is

not BCD, or the DM area boundary has been exceeded.)

TXD(48) is already being executed.

AR 08: AR 0805 will be turned ON when it is possible to transmit through the

RS-232C port. AR 0813 will be turned ON when it is possible to transmit

through the peripheral port.

7-30-3

CHANGE RS-232C SETUP - STUP(--)

Ladder Symbols

Operand Data Areas

N: RS-232C port specifier

STUP(--)

@STUP(--)

000

S: First source word

IR, SR, AR, DM, HR, LR, #

The third operand is ignored.

Limitations

This instruction is available in the CPM2A/CPM2C and SRM1(-V2) only.

N must be 000.

S and S+4 must be in the same data area.

(S can be set to #0000 to change the RS-232C settings to their defaults.)

STUP(--) can’t be executed within an interrupt subroutine.

Description

When the execution condition is OFF, STUP(--) is not executed. When the

execution condition is ON, STUP(--) changes the PC Setup settings for the

built-in RS-232C port. The settings are changed in the PC Setup, but they are

not written to flash memory until the PC is switched to PROGRAM mode (from

RUN or MONITOR mode) or the PC is turned OFF and then ON again.

In CPM2A/CPM2C and SRM1(-V2) PCs, N must be 000 because STUP(--) can

change the RS-232C Setup for the built-in RS-232C port (DM 6645 to DM 6649)

only.

If S is a word address, the contents of S through S+4 are copied to DM 6645 to

DM 6649.

If S is input as the constant #0000, the settings for the built-in RS-232C port are

returned to their default values.

Function

Word address

The contents of S through S+4 are copied to DM 6645 through

DM 6649.

Constant (#0000)

The settings in DM 6645 through DM 6649 are returned to their

default values.

Note

1. The Changing RS-232C Setup Flag (SR 25312) will be ON while STUP(--)

is being executed; it is turned OFF when STUP(--) is completed.

2. In the CPM2A/CPM2C, an error will occur and STUP(--) will not be execut-

ed if the Communications Switch on the front of the CPU Unit is ON. When

this switch is ON, RS-232C communications are governed by the default

settings.

505

SYSMAC CPM1/CPM1A/CPM2A/CPM2C/SRM1(–V2). Programmable Controllers (2001) - page 7