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Методические рекомендации для работы с комплектом контрольных заданий unit

Методические рекомендации для работы с комплектом контрольных заданий unit

Содержание

Методические рекомендации для работы с комплектом контрольных заданий ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5

UNIT 1

I. Контрольные задания по грамматике

1.Контрольная работа № 1 (варианты)…………………………………… …… 12

2.Контрольная работа № 2 (варианты)…………………………………………..22

3.Контрольная работа № 3 (варианты)…………………………………… …… 29

4.Контрольная работа № 4 (варианты)…………………………………….…….37

UNIT 2

II. Текстовые контрольные задания

1.Контрольная работа № 1(варианты)……………………………………………45

2.Конторльная работа №2 (варианты)……………………………………………49

3.Контрольная работа №3(варианты)…………………………………………….54

4.Контрольная работа №4 (варианты)………………………………………….. 60

UNIT 3

III. Тестовые задания…………………………………………………………….67

IV .Нормативные предметные средства

Appendix 1 Личные и притяжательные местоимения………………………………………… 75

Appendix 2 Спряжение глагола to be……………………………………………………… …. 76

Appendix 3 Спряжение слабых глаголов в действительном залоге……………………… ….77 Appendix 4 Спряжение слабых глаголов в страдательном залоге…………………………….79

Appendix 5 Типы вопросов…………………………………………………………………… .80

Appendix 6 Степени сравнения прилагательных……………………………………………. .81

Appendix 7 Сложноподчиненное предложение с придаточным условия или времени…… 82

Appendix 8 Косвенная речь…………………………………………………………………… .84

Appendix 9 Согласование времен……………………………………………………………… 86

Appendix 10 Модальные глаголы……………………………………………………………… .87

Appendix 11 Сложное дополнение…………………………………………………………… 88

Appendix 12 Таблица неправильных глаголов………………………………………………… 89

Список справочной литературы …………………………………………………..94

Список использованной литературы………………………………………………95

Контрольная работа № 4 / Business English /

1.Грамматический материал:

1.1. Согласование времен.

1.2. Сложное дополнение и подлежащее

1.3.Эмфатичекий оборот

2.Работа с текстом.

3.Разговорная тема: Working for a company

Контрольная

Работа № 1

Контрольная

Работа № 2

Контрольная

Работа № 3

Контрольная

Работа № 4

1ый

с

е

м

е

с

т

р

1.Грамматическое задание

2.Текст

3.Тема: About myself

2ой

с

е

м

е

с

т

р

1.Грамматическое задание

2.Текст

3.Тема: My native city

3ий

с

е

м

е

с

т

р

1.Грамматическое задание

2.Текст

3.Тема:Applying for a job

4ый

с

е

м

е

с

т

р

1.Грамматическое задание

2.Текст

3.Тема: Working for a company

UNIT 1

GRAMMAR PRACTICE

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ

CONTROL WORK 4

Variant 1

1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They informed that some businessmen from their company (to go) to Moscow the next week. 2. He said that he (can) give us a discount of 5% if we (to increase) the order. 3. She said she (to put) already the application in writing. 4. They asked if we (to enclose) the copy of the receipt. 5. They notified us they (to deliver) the goods the week before. 6. Mr. Bright wondered if we (to discuss) the matter the previous month. 7. Mrs. Jackson said she (not to agree) with the contract terms. 8. The representative of the Buyers asked what discount we (to offer). 9. He was interested to know when we (to sign) the contract. 10. He said that all the details (to be clarified) during the talks.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. We expected that our partners would be satisfied with the quality of our products. 2. The Seller guarantees that all the charges connected with the delivery will be paid by them. 3. I believe that the price is reasonable. 4. He didn’t expect that they would lodge a claim. 5. He promised that they would fulfil all the contract terms. 6. He believed that the goods would be shipped timely. 7. The Seller expected that they would pay the Buyer a penalty. 8. We think that your machinery meets our requirements. 9. We consider that they would pay compensation to the Seller for the eventual losses.10. They decided that they would undertake partial delivery.

3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I (to call) to confirm the appointment time now. 2. Your machines (not/to meet) our requirements. 3. We just (to start) selling machines of new model. 4. You (to receive) a letter of offer yet? 5. What goods you (to sell) now? 6. The company (to be interested) in selling or buying goods? 7. You (to study) the latest catalogues yesterday? 8. Our equipment (to be) of high quality. 9. They (to give) us a discount if we (to increase) the order. 10. I (to have) an appointment with Mr. Johnson yesterday.

CONTROL WORK 4

Variant 2

1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Production Director was sure that they (to double) their production capacity soon. 2. The chairman said that they (not/to have) enough money to advertise on television. 3. The supplier said they (to increase) the price by 4.5% the week before. 4. A negotiator asked you if you (can) reduce the price. 5. The secretary apologised that she (to lose) the price list somewhere. 6. The customers didn’t understand how the equipment (to be damaged). 7. The manager said that the sales (to rise) steadily. 8. In his speech Mr. Cane admitted that the company (to suffer) from industrial unrest greatly at that moment. 9. He said they (cannot) afford new investment. 10. She asked if we (to check) this with the boss.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The chairman expected that we would reach a decision about item 1. 2. The company agrees that they will provide free of charge sale leaflets. 3. The Manager decided that he would pay the distributors the commission. 4. He thought that people were helpful there. 5. She didn’t think that it was convenient to come late. 6. He promised that he would book me a return ticket. 7. She didn’t expect that the flight would be delayed. 8. The passengers hope they will buy presents from the duty-free shop. 9. He didn’t suppose he woud pay an excess baggage charge. 10. He promised her that she would pass the Customs without difficulties.

3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He said that the goods (to be lost) in transit. 2. I think I (to give) you a call this afternoon to confirm the appointment time. 3. He said that the equipment (to be) ready for dispatch. 4. When you reach the check-in desk, you (to see) the departure board on your left. 5. What you (to say) to change your reservation? 6. When he (to collect) his boarding pass? 7. I suppose we (not/to accept) your terms. 8. I wonder if you (to find) a way to change your delivery periods. 9. I (to phone) about the job advertised in the newspaper now. 10. You (to put) your application in writing yet?

CONTROL WORK 4

Variant 3

1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Susan said that she (to study) interior design for 3 years. 2. He asked me if the meeting (to be postponed) or not. 3. Mr. Grey answered that the agreement (not to be signed) yet. 4. He didn’t think that all the questions (to be settled) at the previous meeting. 5. She seemed anaware of the fact that money (not to grow) on trees. 6. The manager thought that there (to be) many visitors if the weather got better. 7. We were told that the results of the experiment (to be published) before all the data had been tested. 8. Rebecca told her boss that a postman (to deliver) a parcel. 9. The Personnel manager knew that I (to work) for the company for ten years already. 10. He was interested to know if it (to arrive) in time if he posted the application right away.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The manager thought that Sallie was an experienced driver. 2. They think that this day will suit them for signing the contract. 3. They believe that the quality of our machines is very high. 4. They agreed that they would sign the contract the next day. 5. He expected that they would clarify all the details at the next meeting. 6. She expects they will agree to FOB terms. 7. The Finance Manager supposed that he could accept 2% discount. 8. He thought they would deliver the first lot in 3 weeks. 9. They expect the Seller will agree to their terms. 10. The supplier thought he would refuse to increase the price.

3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Our company (to produce) desktop computers for 3 years. 2. They (to come) to the Trade Fair last year. 3. If you (to agree) to our terms, we shall arrange free delivery. 4. Look! Ronald Barret (to talk) about the social programme during his visit. 5. If you pay in hard currency, we (to garantee no price increase. 6. Next Tuesday I (to play) golf with my opposite number. 7. Our staff (to increase) steadily since 1988. 8. The Finance Manager gave a customer open account facilities after he (to get) business references from two majer firms. 9. If you shared the advertising costs, we (to assist) you in promoting the product. 10. If you (to settle) a dispute out of court, we would have drawn up an agreement on a new delivery.

CONTROL WORK 4

Variant 4

1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The customer didn’t understand why the Sellers (to increase) the unit price. 2. He wasn’t sure if they (to pay) them any compensation for the damaged samples. 3. They informed that they (to redesigned) the old model. 4. He told us that he already (to check) in his luggage. 5. She asked if he (to pay) an excess baggage charge. 6. The passengers didn’t know where they (can) collect their luggage. 7. The Custom Officer was interested to know if I (to have) anything to declare. 8. The supplier admitted that they (to have) a lot of orders to handle at that time. 9. The secretary said she (to lose) the price list somewhere in all the other papers. 10. He complained that they (to suffer) from strikes at the airport.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He thought she would show them her boarding pass. 2. He didn’t expect he would pay duty on the excess. 3. He believes she will book tickets for economy class. 4. They found that the price was too high. 5. I expect she will come to the Trade Fair. 6. Mrs. Trumen thought they would make an appointment at the end of the month at the latest. 7. I promise her that I will introduce her to my new boss. 8. He thought they would receive the lot in 3 months. 9. She supposed we would confirm our decision in writing. 10. They think we shall have four weeks for installation.

3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Before we appointed the new chairman our share prices (to be) very high. 2. No doubt, they (not to let) us borrow a new sum of money. 3. How many orders you (to receive) last month? 4. The new model (to be) of high quality. 5. What company you (to work) for? 6. I am afraid we (not to clarify) these details right now. 7. We (to be) partners for a long time. 8. I hoped we (to agree) to 5% discount. 9. What problem you (to discuss) now? 10. What discount the Seller (to offer) you last time?

CONTROL WORK 4

Variant 5

1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The media reported that there (to be) a series of financial crimes. 2. When he arrived at the office he discovered that he (to leave) all the nessessary papers at home. 3. The workers knew that the problem of pay rise (to be discussed) the following week. 4. The manager said that the goods (to be delivered) in April. 5. Representatives of the company said that new investment (to let) them raise the production and work more efficiently. 6. Senators stated that the new law (not to be accepted) until it was approved by the House. 7. He was interested to know what kinds of goods they (to sell). 8. They were sure that the manager (to offer) them a higher discount. 9. He supposed that there (to be) a heavy demand for the goods. 10. The Manager asked what terms of payment (to suit) them.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He thought the negotiations were a success. 2. He supposed they would keep him informed of any new development. 3. He promised that he would send them the samples as soon as possible. 4. He thought that the last consignment would be four days late. 5. They promised that they would replace all the faulty parts. 6. They didn’t believe that they woud have problems with the production line. 7. He didn’t expect that the samples were all damaged. 8. He supposed that they would arrange the replacement promptly. 9. He didn’t think that the problem was serious. 10. He expects that the strikes will not damage his profit.

3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If we install the new system, it (to cost) us $3,000,000. 2. I heard you (to have) a reduction in the training budget. 3. I’m told that 50 people (to lose) their jobs since last week. 4. We expect the sales (to increase) dramatically next year. 5. The turnover in the product (to reach) a peak lately. 6. He asked if I (to join) them for a barbecue the following Sunday. 7. I think we (to do) a lot of things for today. 8. I think you should adopt new strategy if sales (to fall) dramatically. 9. Why our clients (to complain) about the service last week? 10. He said that we (to change) our investment policy soon.

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК

НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ПРЕДМЕТНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА

Appendix1

THE PRONOUN

МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ

ЛИЧНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

(кто) (кого, кому, кем, о ком)

Who ? Whom?

ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

(ЧЕЙ) Whose?

ИМЕНИТ. ПАДЕЖ

КОСВЕН. ПАДЕЖИ

I

me

my

You

you

your

He

him

his

She

her

her

It

it

its

We

us

our

You

you

your

They

them

their

Appendix 2

THE VERB TO BE in Present Simple

+

-

?

I am a student.

I am not a student.

Am I a student?

You are a student.

You are not a student.

Are you a student?

He is a student.

He is not a student.

Is he a student?

It is a student.

It is not a student.

Is it a student?

She is a student.

She is not a student.

Is she a student?

We are students.

We are not students.

Are we students?

You are students.

You are not students.

Are you students?

They are students.

They are not students.

Are they students?

THE VERB TO BE in Past Simple

+

-

?

I was a lovely child.

I was not a naughty child.

Was I a lovely child?

He was a lovely child.

He was not a naughty child.

Was he a lovely child?

She was a lovely child.

She was not a naughty child.

Was she a lovely child?

It was a lovely day.

It was not a gloomy day.

Was it a lovely day?

We were lovely children.

We were not naughty kids.

Were we lovely children?

You were lovely children.

You were not naughty kids

Were you lovely children?

They were lovely children.

They were not naughty kids.

Were they lovely children?

THE VERB TO BE in Future Simple

+

-

?

I will be all right.

I will not be bad.

Will I be all right?

You will be all right.

You will not be bad.

Will you be all right?

He will be all right.

He will not be bad.

Will he be all right?

She will be all right.

She will not be bad.

Will she be all right?

It will be all right.

It will not b e bad.

Will it be all right?

We will be all right.

We will not be bad.

Will we be all right?

You will be all right.

You will not be bad.

Will you be all right?

They will be all right.

They will not be bad.

Will they be all right?

Сводная таблица изменений видовременных форм глагола в действительном залоге Appendix 3

S

I

M

P

L

E

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

Always, usually, sometimes, often, seldom, never, every day (week, month, year), twice

Yesterday, last week (month, year, summer) …ago, When?

Tomorrow, next week (year, Sunday), in a week, soon

I V1

You play

We write

They

V2

played – прав. гл.

wrote – не прав. гл.

will+V1

will play

will write

He plays

She writes

It

I

You play

We do not write

They (don’t)_____________________

He does not play

She (doesn’t) write

It

did not+V1

did not play

(didn’t) write

will not+V1

will not play

(won’t) write

I

Do you play …?

we write…?

they_______________________

he

Does she play…?

It write…?

Did+подлежащее+V1…?

Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it play?

Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?

Will +подлежащее+V1…?

Will I/ you/we/they/he/she/it play?

Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?

C

O

N

T

I

N

U

O

U

S

Now; at this moment; Look!

Yesterday at 5 o’clock; when you came

Tomorrow at this time; when you come

To be+ V4

I am

You playing

We are writing

They____________

He

She is

It

was / were +V4

You

We were

They________________ playing

I

He was writing

She

will be+V4

will be playing

will be writing

To be not + V4

I am

You not playing

We are writing

They____________

He

She is

It

was / were +not + V4

You

We were

They______________ not playing

I

He was writing

She

will be+ not + V4

will not be playing

will not be writing

Am I

you

Are we

they playing?

he writing?

Is she

it

I

Was he

She

it playing?

you writing? Were we

they

Will +подлежащее+ be+V4…?

I

you

he

Will she be playing?

it writing?

we

they

P

E

R

F

E

C

T

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

Just; already; yet; before, lately, so far; never; ever; since

Before he came; by 5 o’clock yesterday

Before you come; by 5 o’clock tomorrow

have / has + V3

I V1

You have played

We written

They

had + V3

had played

had written

will have+V3

will have played

will have written

He played

She has written

It

I

You played

We have not written

They _(haven’t)____________________

He has not played

She (hasn’t) written

It

had not + V3

had not played

had not written

will not have+V1

will not have played

(won’t) have written

I

Have you played …?

we written…?

they_______________________

he

Has she played…?

it written…?

Had + подлежащее + V3?

Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they played?

Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they written?

Will +have+ подлежащее+V3…?

Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it play?

Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?

P

E

R

F

E

C

T

C

O

N

T

I

N

U

O

U

S

For 3 hours already; since morning; since he came; How long…? Since when…?

Since the time when;

before he came for 3 hours;

For 3 hours before you come

Have / has been+ V4

I

You

We have been

They____________ playing

He writing

She has been

It

Had been+V4

had been playing

had been writing

will have been +V4

will have been playing

will have been writing

Have / has not + V4

I

You

We have not been

They____________ playing

He writing

She has not been

It

had+ not + been +V4

had not been playing

had not been writing

Will not have been +V4

will not have been playing

will not have been writing

I

you

Have we been

they playing?

he writing?

Has she been

it

Had + подлежащее + been +V4?

Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been playing?

Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been writing?

Will+подлежащее+have+been+V4?

I

you

he

Will she have been playing?

it writing?

we

they

Appendix 4

Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов в страдательном залоге

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

S

I

M

P

L

E

I am

He/she/it is + V3 We/you/they are

I/he/she/it was

+ V3

we/you/they were

will be + V3

C

O

N

T

I

N

U

O

U

S

am

is being + V3

are

was

being + V3

were

Не используется

P

E

R

F

E

C

T

We/you/they have

been + V3

He/she/it has

had been + V3

will have been +V3

Appendix 5

Типы вопросов

Тип вопроса

вопрос

ответ

Общие вопросы

Do you work?

Is she reading?

Yes, I do. / No. I don't

Yes, she is. / No, she isn't

Специальные вопросы

Where do you work?

What is she reading?

I work at а plant.

She is reading a book.

Who knows this story?

He (does).

Разделительные вопросы

You work much, don't you?

She can't sing, can she?

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t

Yes, she can. / No, she can't.

Альтернативные вопросы

( have you)

Have you a flat or a room?

( does he know)

Does he know French or English?

I have a flat.

He knows English.

Appendix 6

THE ADJECTIVE

ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ

The degrees of comparison

Степени сравнения

Краткие прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи суффиксов.

К кратким прилагательным относятся

А) односложные прилагательные: long; large

В) двусложные прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на – y; -er; ar;

POSITIVE (ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ)

COMPARATIVE (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ)

SUPERLATIVE (ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ)

as… as

He is as tall as his father.

not so… as

She is not so nice as her sister.

-er than

long-longer

large-larger

red-redder

happy-happier

He is taller than his father.

the …-est

the longest

the largest

the reddest

the happiest

He is the tallest in his class.

Многосложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи вспомогательных слов.

POSITIVE (ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ)

COMPARATIVE (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ)

SUPERLATIVE (ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ)

as… as

This film version is as interesting as the book.

not so… as

This dish is not so delicious as that one.

The book is more interesting than the film.

This book is the most interesting I have ever read.

EXEPTIONS (ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ):

Good – better- the best

Bad- worse – the worst

Many – more – the most

Much – more – the most

Little – less – the least

Old – elder (older) – the eldest (the oldest)

Far – farther (further) – the farthest (the furthest)

Appendix 7

Сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточным времени или условия

В сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным времени или условия в английском языке в придаточной части предложения группа будущих времен не употребляется. После следующих союзов и предлогов времени will /would; shall /should не ставится.

If - если

Unless – если не

When - когда

Before – до того как

After – после того как

Till - пока

Until – пока не

As soon as – как только

By the time – к тому времени как

1.ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ.

Обе части в данном типе предложения, и главная и придаточная, переводятся на русский язык будущим временем. В английском языке в придаточном предложении употребляется настоящее время.

Я поеду за город, если погода будет хорошая

Главное предложение

Придаточное предложение

Future Simple

Present Simple

Will + V1

V1

I will go out of town,

if the weather is good.

2. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ 1. Описывает события, которые могли бы произойти сегодня или в будущем.

Я бы поехала за город завтра, если бы погода была хорошая.

Главное предложение

Придаточное предложение

Future Simple- in –the - Past

Past Simple

Would + V1

V2

I would go out of town tomorrow

if the weather were good.

В придаточном предложении этого типа глагол to be имеет форму сослагательного наклонения were для всех лиц.

If I were you, I would go and see the doctor.

I wish I were at home now. – Хорошо бы, если бы я был дома сейчас.

2. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ 2. Описывает события, которые могли бы произойти, но не произошли в прошлом.

Я бы поехала за город вчера, если бы погода была хорошая.

Главное предложение

Придаточное предложение

Future Perfect- in –the – Past

Past Perfect

Would + have + V3

Had + V3

I would have gone out of town yesterday

if the weather had been good.

I wish I had been at home yesterday. – Как жаль, что меня не было дома вчера.

Appendix 8

REPORTED SPEECH

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

1. ПРОСЬБЫ, КОМАНДЫ И ПРИКАЗЫ передаются в косвенной речи при помощи инфинитива.

+ -

to be – not to be

to go – not to go

слова автора + инфинитив

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said, “Open the door!” He told to open the door.

She said, “Don’t be late!” She told not to be late.

She said, “Close the window, please!” She asked to close the window.

2. ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ.

Слова автора + (that) + подлежащее + сказуемое в соответствии с правилом согласования времен

При переводе в косвенную речь следует помнить о «сдвиге времен», т.е. о правиле согласования времен. Времена меняются следующим образом:

Present Simple – Past Simple

Present Continuous – Past Continuous

Present Perfect – Past Perfect

Past Simple – Past Perfect

Past Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect – Past Perfect Continuous

Future Tenses – Future Tenses – in-the Past

Am / is - was

Are – were

Has / have - had

Don’t/doesn’t – didn’t

Can – could

Must – must / had to

Will – would

Shall - should

Меняются также следующие указательные местоимения и обстоятельства времени:

This –that

These – those

Here –there

Today –that day

Now – then, at that moment

Yesterday – the day before, the previous day

Tomorrow – the following day, the next day

Next week – the next week

Last week – the week before, the previous week

…ago - …before

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said to Mike, “I like music.” He told Mike that he liked music.

She said to Terry, “Nick went home.” She told Terry that Nick had gone home.

Не забудьте также изменять личные и притяжательные местоимения в соответствии со смыслом.

3. ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.

Важно соблюдать правильный порядок слов. Вопросительный знак не ставится.

А) Общий вопрос

Слова автора + if (whether) + подлежащее + сказуемое

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said, “Do you like music?” He asked if I liked music.

She said to Bill, “Did Paul like music?” She asked Bill if Paul had liked music.

He said to Helen, “Will you go home?” He asked Helen if she would go home.

В) Специальный вопрос

Слова автора + вопросительное слово + подлежащее + сказуемое

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said to Ann, “Where do you live ?” He asked Ann where she lived .

She said to Tom, “What did you do ?” She asked Tom what he had done .

Appendix 9

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

В сложноподчиненном предложении время в придаточной части предложения согласуется с временной формой в главной части предложения. Если в главной части сказуемое стоит в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном предложении может употреблятся тоже одно из прошедших времен.

Для обозначения одновременных действий в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Simple или Past Continuous . Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени.

He knew that she lived in London. – Он знал, что она живет в Лондоне.

She was sure that her son was doing his homework at that time. – Она была уверена, что ее сын делает свою домашнюю работу в то время.

Для обозначений действий, предшедствующих действию в главном предложении в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Perfect . Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в прошедшем времени.

He said he had seen that film before. – Он сказал, что смотрел этот фильм раньше.

Для обозначений действий, которые произойдут в будущем с точки зрения прошедшего времени, в придаточном предложении употребляется Future - in - the - Past . Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в будущем времени.

He informed us that he would go to Paris soon. – Он сообщил нам, что поедет в Париж вскоре.

Appendix 10

MODAL WORDS

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

VERB & ITS MEANING

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

Must – долженствование;

обязанность

(должен, обязан)

must

had to

will have to

Have to – вынужденная необходимость

(должен, нужно)

has to/have to

had to

will have to

Be to – договоренность

(должен, предстоит)

am/is/are to

was/were to

_____________

Should – совет

(следует, нужно)

should

_____________

_____________

Ought to – совет, моральный долг (следует, должен)

ought to

_____________

_____________

Can – физическая способность;

возможность;

разрешение

(могу, умею, можно)

can

could

will be able to

Be able to – способность

(могу, способен)

am/is/are able to

was/were able to

will be able to

May- разрешение

Возможность

(можно, может быть)

may

might

______________

Need- необходимость

(Нужно…,

нет необходимости)

Need…?

needn’t

_____________

______________

Appendix 11

COMPLEX OBJECT

Инфинитивный оборот: ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ С ИНФИНИТИВОМ

В переводе на русский язык данный оборот образует сложноподчиненное предложение, в котором инфинитив становится сказуемым. Схема данного оборота следующая:

Подлежащее + сказуемое + дополнение + Infinitive

(образуют главное предложение) (образуют придаточное предложение)

Сказуемое в таком предожении обычно выражается глаголом, после которого можно поставить союз что или чтобы.

To think - думать

To believe – верить, считать

To expect – ожидать

To suppose – предполагать

To know - знать

To learn - узнать

To find out - выяснить

To consider - считать

To understand - понимать

Дополнение может быть выражено именем существительным или местоимением в объектном падеже.

мe

уou

him

her

it

us

them

I thought that he was a good student. – I thought him to be a good student.

He supposed that they would come soon. – He supposed them to come soon.

Appendix 12

IRREGULAR VERBS

НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

содержание   ..  409  410  411   ..

 

Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

Present Participle

V1

V2

V3

V4

перевод

arise

arose

arisen

arising

возникать

awake

awoke

awoke

awaking

будить, просыпаться

be

was/were

been

being

быть, находиться

bear

bore

born

bearing

рождать

bear

bore

borne

bearing

носить, выносить

beat

beat

beaten

beating

бить

become

became

become

becoming

становиться

begin

began

begun

beginning

начинать

bend

bent

bent

bending

гнуть

bind

bound

bound

binding

связывать

bite

bit

bitten

biting

кусать

blow

blew

blown

blowing

дуть

break

broke

broken

breaking

ломать

breed

bred

bred

breeding

выводить породу

bring

brought

brought

bringing

приносить

build

built

built

building

строить

burn