Содержание
Методические рекомендации для работы с комплектом контрольных заданий ……………………………………………………………………………………. 5
UNIT 1
I. Контрольные задания по грамматике
1.Контрольная работа № 1 (варианты)…………………………………… …… 12
2.Контрольная работа № 2 (варианты)…………………………………………..22
3.Контрольная работа № 3 (варианты)…………………………………… …… 29
4.Контрольная работа № 4 (варианты)…………………………………….…….37
UNIT 2
II. Текстовые контрольные задания
1.Контрольная работа № 1(варианты)……………………………………………45
2.Конторльная работа №2 (варианты)……………………………………………49
3.Контрольная работа №3(варианты)…………………………………………….54
4.Контрольная работа №4 (варианты)………………………………………….. 60
UNIT
3
III. Тестовые задания…………………………………………………………….67
IV
.Нормативные предметные средства
Appendix
1
Личные и притяжательные местоимения………………………………………… 75
Appendix
2
Спряжение глагола to be……………………………………………………… …. 76
Appendix
3
Спряжение слабых глаголов в действительном залоге……………………… ….77 Appendix
4
Спряжение слабых глаголов в страдательном залоге…………………………….79
Appendix
5
Типы вопросов…………………………………………………………………… .80
Appendix
6
Степени сравнения прилагательных……………………………………………. .81
Appendix
7
Сложноподчиненное предложение с придаточным условия или времени…… 82
Appendix
8
Косвенная речь…………………………………………………………………… .84
Appendix
9
Согласование времен……………………………………………………………… 86
Appendix
10
Модальные глаголы……………………………………………………………… .87
Appendix
11
Сложное дополнение…………………………………………………………… 88
Appendix
12
Таблица неправильных глаголов………………………………………………… 89
Список справочной литературы …………………………………………………..94
Список использованной литературы………………………………………………95
Контрольная работа № 4 /
Business
English
/
1.Грамматический материал:
1.1. Согласование времен.
1.2. Сложное дополнение и подлежащее
1.3.Эмфатичекий оборот
2.Работа с текстом.
3.Разговорная тема: Working for a company
|
Контрольная
Работа № 1
|
Контрольная
Работа № 2
|
Контрольная
Работа № 3
|
Контрольная
Работа № 4
|
1ый
с
е
м
е
с
т
р
|
1.Грамматическое задание
2.Текст
3.Тема: About
myself
|
|
|
|
2ой
с
е
м
е
с
т
р
|
|
1.Грамматическое задание
2.Текст
3.Тема: My
native
city
|
|
|
3ий
с
е
м
е
с
т
р
|
|
|
1.Грамматическое задание
2.Текст
3.Тема:Applying
for
a
job
|
|
4ый
с
е
м
е
с
т
р
|
|
|
|
1.Грамматическое задание
2.Текст
3.Тема: Working
for
a
company
|
UNIT
1
GRAMMAR
PRACTICE
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ
CONTROL WORK 4
Variant 1
1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. They informed that some businessmen from their company (to go) to Moscow the next week. 2. He said that he (can) give us a discount of 5% if we (to increase) the order. 3. She said she (to put) already the application in writing. 4. They asked if we (to enclose) the copy of the receipt. 5. They notified us they (to deliver) the goods the week before. 6. Mr. Bright wondered if we (to discuss) the matter the previous month. 7. Mrs. Jackson said she (not to agree) with the contract terms. 8. The representative of the Buyers asked what discount we (to offer). 9. He was interested to know when we (to sign) the contract. 10. He said that all the details (to be clarified) during the talks.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык.
1. We expected that our partners would be satisfied with the quality of our products. 2. The Seller guarantees that all the charges connected with the delivery will be paid by them. 3. I believe that the price is reasonable. 4. He didn’t expect that they would lodge a claim. 5. He promised that they would fulfil all the contract terms. 6. He believed that the goods would be shipped timely. 7. The Seller expected that they would pay the Buyer a penalty. 8. We think that your machinery meets our requirements. 9. We consider that they would pay compensation to the Seller for the eventual losses.10. They decided that they would undertake partial delivery.
3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I (to call) to confirm the appointment time now. 2. Your machines (not/to meet) our requirements. 3. We just (to start) selling machines of new model. 4. You (to receive) a letter of offer yet? 5. What goods you (to sell) now? 6. The company (to be interested) in selling or buying goods? 7. You (to study) the latest catalogues yesterday? 8. Our equipment (to be) of high quality. 9. They (to give) us a discount if we (to increase) the order. 10. I (to have) an appointment with Mr. Johnson yesterday.
CONTROL WORK 4
Variant 2
1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Production Director was sure that they (to double) their production capacity soon. 2. The chairman said that they (not/to have) enough money to advertise on television. 3. The supplier said they (to increase) the price by 4.5% the week before. 4. A negotiator asked you if you (can) reduce the price. 5. The secretary apologised that she (to lose) the price list somewhere. 6. The customers didn’t understand how the equipment (to be damaged). 7. The manager said that the sales (to rise) steadily. 8. In his speech Mr. Cane admitted that the company (to suffer) from industrial unrest greatly at that moment. 9. He said they (cannot) afford new investment. 10. She asked if we (to check) this with the boss.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык.
1. The chairman expected that we would reach a decision about item 1. 2. The company agrees that they will provide free of charge sale leaflets. 3. The Manager decided that he would pay the distributors the commission. 4. He thought that people were helpful there. 5. She didn’t think that it was convenient to come late. 6. He promised that he would book me a return ticket. 7. She didn’t expect that the flight would be delayed. 8. The passengers hope they will buy presents from the duty-free shop. 9. He didn’t suppose he woud pay an excess baggage charge. 10. He promised her that she would pass the Customs without difficulties.
3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He said that the goods (to be lost) in transit. 2. I think I (to give) you a call this afternoon to confirm the appointment time. 3. He said that the equipment (to be) ready for dispatch. 4. When you reach the check-in desk, you (to see) the departure board on your left. 5. What you (to say) to change your reservation? 6. When he (to collect) his boarding pass? 7. I suppose we (not/to accept) your terms. 8. I wonder if you (to find) a way to change your delivery periods. 9. I (to phone) about the job advertised in the newspaper now. 10. You (to put) your application in writing yet?
CONTROL WORK 4
Variant 3
1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Susan said that she (to study) interior design for 3 years. 2. He asked me if the meeting (to be postponed) or not. 3. Mr. Grey answered that the agreement (not to be signed) yet. 4. He didn’t think that all the questions (to be settled) at the previous meeting. 5. She seemed anaware of the fact that money (not to grow) on trees. 6. The manager thought that there (to be) many visitors if the weather got better. 7. We were told that the results of the experiment (to be published) before all the data had been tested. 8. Rebecca told her boss that a postman (to deliver) a parcel. 9. The Personnel manager knew that I (to work) for the company for ten years already. 10. He was interested to know if it (to arrive) in time if he posted the application right away.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык.
1. The manager thought that Sallie was an experienced driver. 2. They think that this day will suit them for signing the contract. 3. They believe that the quality of our machines is very high. 4. They agreed that they would sign the contract the next day. 5. He expected that they would clarify all the details at the next meeting. 6. She expects they will agree to FOB terms. 7. The Finance Manager supposed that he could accept 2% discount. 8. He thought they would deliver the first lot in 3 weeks. 9. They expect the Seller will agree to their terms. 10. The supplier thought he would refuse to increase the price.
3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Our company (to produce) desktop computers for 3 years. 2. They (to come) to the Trade Fair last year. 3. If you (to agree) to our terms, we shall arrange free delivery. 4. Look! Ronald Barret (to talk) about the social programme during his visit. 5. If you pay in hard currency, we (to garantee no price increase. 6. Next Tuesday I (to play) golf with my opposite number. 7. Our staff (to increase) steadily since 1988. 8. The Finance Manager gave a customer open account facilities after he (to get) business references from two majer firms. 9. If you shared the advertising costs, we (to assist) you in promoting the product. 10. If you (to settle) a dispute out of court, we would have drawn up an agreement on a new delivery.
CONTROL WORK 4
Variant 4
1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The customer didn’t understand why the Sellers (to increase) the unit price. 2. He wasn’t sure if they (to pay) them any compensation for the damaged samples. 3. They informed that they (to redesigned) the old model. 4. He told us that he already (to check) in his luggage. 5. She asked if he (to pay) an excess baggage charge. 6. The passengers didn’t know where they (can) collect their luggage. 7. The Custom Officer was interested to know if I (to have) anything to declare. 8. The supplier admitted that they (to have) a lot of orders to handle at that time. 9. The secretary said she (to lose) the price list somewhere in all the other papers. 10. He complained that they (to suffer) from strikes at the airport.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык.
1. He thought she would show them her boarding pass. 2. He didn’t expect he would pay duty on the excess. 3. He believes she will book tickets for economy class. 4. They found that the price was too high. 5. I expect she will come to the Trade Fair. 6. Mrs. Trumen thought they would make an appointment at the end of the month at the latest. 7. I promise her that I will introduce her to my new boss. 8. He thought they would receive the lot in 3 months. 9. She supposed we would confirm our decision in writing. 10. They think we shall have four weeks for installation.
3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Before we appointed the new chairman our share prices (to be) very high. 2. No doubt, they (not to let) us borrow a new sum of money. 3. How many orders you (to receive) last month? 4. The new model (to be) of high quality. 5. What company you (to work) for? 6. I am afraid we (not to clarify) these details right now. 7. We (to be) partners for a long time. 8. I hoped we (to agree) to 5% discount. 9. What problem you (to discuss) now? 10. What discount the Seller (to offer) you last time?
CONTROL WORK 4
Variant 5
1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в соответствии с правилом согласования времен, и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The media reported that there (to be) a series of financial crimes. 2. When he arrived at the office he discovered that he (to leave) all the nessessary papers at home. 3. The workers knew that the problem of pay rise (to be discussed) the following week. 4. The manager said that the goods (to be delivered) in April. 5. Representatives of the company said that new investment (to let) them raise the production and work more efficiently. 6. Senators stated that the new law (not to be accepted) until it was approved by the House. 7. He was interested to know what kinds of goods they (to sell). 8. They were sure that the manager (to offer) them a higher discount. 9. He supposed that there (to be) a heavy demand for the goods. 10. The Manager asked what terms of payment (to suit) them.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, употребляя сложное дополнение вместо придаточного дополнительного предложения. Переведите
предложения
на
русский
язык.
1. He thought the negotiations were a success. 2. He supposed they would keep him informed of any new development. 3. He promised that he would send them the samples as soon as possible. 4. He thought that the last consignment would be four days late. 5. They promised that they would replace all the faulty parts. 6. They didn’t believe that they woud have problems with the production line. 7. He didn’t expect that the samples were all damaged. 8. He supposed that they would arrange the replacement promptly. 9. He didn’t think that the problem was serious. 10. He expects that the strikes will not damage his profit.
3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующее время, форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. If we install the new system, it (to cost) us $3,000,000. 2. I heard you (to have) a reduction in the training budget. 3. I’m told that 50 people (to lose) their jobs since last week. 4. We expect the sales (to increase) dramatically next year. 5. The turnover in the product (to reach) a peak lately. 6. He asked if I (to join) them for a barbecue the following Sunday. 7. I think we (to do) a lot of things for today. 8. I think you should adopt new strategy if sales (to fall) dramatically. 9. Why our clients (to complain) about the service last week? 10. He said that we (to change) our investment policy soon.
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК
НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ПРЕДМЕТНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА
Appendix1
THE
PRONOUN
МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ
ЛИЧНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
(кто) (кого, кому, кем, о ком)
Who ? Whom?
|
ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
(ЧЕЙ) Whose?
|
ИМЕНИТ. ПАДЕЖ
|
КОСВЕН. ПАДЕЖИ
|
I
|
me
|
my
|
You
|
you
|
your
|
He
|
him
|
his
|
She
|
her
|
her
|
It
|
it
|
its
|
We
|
us
|
our
|
You
|
you
|
your
|
They
|
them
|
their
|
Appendix 2
THE VERB TO BE
in Present Simple
+
|
-
|
?
|
I am
a student.
|
I am
not
a student.
|
Am
I
a student?
|
You are
a student.
|
You are
not
a student.
|
Are
you
a student?
|
He is
a student.
|
He is not
a student.
|
Is
he
a student?
|
It is
a student.
|
It is
not
a student.
|
Is it
a student?
|
She is
a student.
|
She is
not
a student.
|
Is she
a student?
|
We are
students.
|
We are
not
students.
|
Are we
students?
|
You are
students.
|
You are
not
students.
|
Are you
students?
|
They are students.
|
They are not students.
|
Are they
students?
|
THE VERB TO BE
in Past Simple
|
+
|
-
|
?
|
I was
a lovely child.
|
I was not
a naughty child.
|
Was I
a lovely child?
|
He was
a lovely child.
|
He was not
a naughty child.
|
Was he
a lovely child?
|
She was
a lovely child.
|
She was not
a naughty child.
|
Was she
a lovely child?
|
It was
a lovely day.
|
It was not
a gloomy day.
|
Was it
a lovely day?
|
We were
lovely children.
|
We were not
naughty kids.
|
Were
we lovely children?
|
You were
lovely children.
|
You were not
naughty kids
|
Were you
lovely children?
|
They were
lovely children.
|
They were not
naughty kids.
|
Were they
lovely children?
|
THE VERB TO BE
in Future Simple
+
|
-
|
?
|
I will be
all right.
|
I will not be
bad.
|
Will I be
all right?
|
You will be
all right.
|
You will not be
bad.
|
Will you be
all right?
|
He will be
all right.
|
He will not be
bad.
|
Will he be
all right?
|
She will be
all right.
|
She will not
be
bad.
|
Will she be
all right?
|
It will be
all right.
|
It will not b
e bad.
|
Will it be
all right?
|
We will be
all right.
|
We will not be
bad.
|
Will we be
all right?
|
You will be
all right.
|
You will not be
bad.
|
Will you be
all right?
|
They will be
all right.
|
They will not be
bad.
|
Will they be
all right?
|
Сводная таблица изменений видовременных форм глагола в
действительном
залоге
Appendix
3
S
I
M
P
L
E
|
PRESENT
|
PAST
|
FUTURE
|
Always, usually, sometimes, often, seldom, never, every day (week, month, year), twice
|
Yesterday, last week (month, year, summer) …ago, When?
|
Tomorrow, next week (year, Sunday), in a week, soon
|
I V1
You play
We write
They
|
V2
played – прав. гл.
wrote – не прав. гл.
|
will+V1
will play
will write
|
He plays
She writes
It
|
I
You play
We do not write
They (don’t)_____________________
He does not play
She (doesn’t) write
It
|
did not+V1
did not play
(didn’t) write
|
will not+V1
will not play
(won’t) write
|
I
Do you play …?
we write…?
they_______________________
he
Does she play…?
It write…?
|
Did+подлежащее+V1…?
Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it play?
Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?
|
Will +подлежащее+V1…?
Will I/ you/we/they/he/she/it play?
Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?
|
C
O
N
T
I
N
U
O
U
S
|
Now; at this moment; Look!
|
Yesterday at 5 o’clock; when you came
|
Tomorrow at this time; when you come
|
To be+ V4
I
am
You playing
We are writing
They____________
He
She is
It
|
was / were +V4
You
We were
They________________
playing
I
He was writing
She
|
will be+V4
will be playing
will be writing
|
To be not + V4
I am
You not playing
We are writing
They____________
He
She is
It
|
was / were +not + V4
You
We were
They______________
not playing
I
He was writing
She
|
will be+ not + V4
will not be playing
will not be writing
|
Am I
you
Are we
they
playing?
he writing?
Is she
it
|
I
Was he
She
it
playing?
you writing? Were we
they
|
Will +подлежащее+ be+V4…?
I
you
he
Will she be playing?
it writing?
we
they
|
P
E
R
F
E
C
T
|
PRESENT
|
PAST
|
FUTURE
|
Just; already; yet; before, lately, so far; never; ever; since
|
Before he came; by 5 o’clock yesterday
|
Before you come; by 5 o’clock tomorrow
|
have / has + V3
I V1
You have played
We written
They
|
had + V3
had played
had written
|
will have+V3
will have played
will have written
|
He played
She has written
It
|
I
You played
We have not written
They _(haven’t)____________________
He has not played
She (hasn’t) written
It
|
had not + V3
had not played
had not written
|
will not have+V1
will not have played
(won’t) have written
|
I
Have you played …?
we written…?
they_______________________
he
Has she played…?
it written…?
|
Had + подлежащее + V3?
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they played?
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they written?
|
Will +have+ подлежащее+V3…?
Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it play?
Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?
|
P
E
R
F
E
C
T
C
O
N
T
I
N
U
O
U
S
|
For 3 hours already; since morning; since he came; How long…? Since when…?
|
Since the time when;
before he came for 3 hours;
|
For 3 hours before you come
|
Have / has been+ V4
I
You
We have been
They____________
playing
He writing
She has been
It
|
Had been+V4
had been playing
had been writing
|
will have been +V4
will have been playing
will have been writing
|
Have / has not + V4
I
You
We have not been
They____________
playing
He writing
She has not been
It
|
had+ not + been +V4
had not been playing
had not been writing
|
Will not have been +V4
will not have been playing
will not have been writing
|
I
you
Have we been
they
playing?
he writing?
Has she been
it
|
Had + подлежащее + been +V4?
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been playing?
Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been writing?
|
Will+подлежащее+have+been+V4?
I
you
he
Will she have been playing?
it writing?
we
they
|
Appendix 4
Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов в страдательном залоге
PRESENT
|
PAST
|
FUTURE
|
S
I
M
P
L
E
|
I am
He/she/it is + V3 We/you/they are
|
I/he/she/it was
+ V3
we/you/they were
|
will be + V3
|
C
O
N
T
I
N
U
O
U
S
|
am
is being + V3
are
|
was
being + V3
were
|
Не используется
|
P
E
R
F
E
C
T
|
We/you/they have
been + V3
He/she/it has
|
had been + V3
|
will have been +V3
|
Appendix 5
Типы вопросов
|
Тип вопроса
|
вопрос
|
ответ
|
Общие
вопросы
|
Do you work?
Is she reading?
|
Yes, I do. / No. I don't
Yes, she is. / No, she isn't
|
Специальные
вопросы
|
Where do you work?
What is she reading?
|
I work at а plant.
She is reading a book.
|
Who knows this story?
|
He (does).
|
Разделительные
вопросы
|
You work much, don't you?
She can't sing, can she?
|
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t
Yes, she can. / No, she can't.
|
Альтернативные
вопросы
|
( have you)
Have you a flat or a room?
( does he know)
Does he know French or English?
|
I have a flat.
He knows English.
|
Appendix 6
THE ADJECTIVE
ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ
The degrees of comparison
Степени сравнения
Краткие прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи суффиксов.
К кратким прилагательным
относятся
А) односложные прилагательные: long; large
В) двусложные прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на – y; -er; ar;
POSITIVE (ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ)
|
COMPARATIVE (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ)
|
SUPERLATIVE (ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ)
|
as… as
He is as tall as
his father.
not so… as
She is not so nice as
her sister.
|
-er than
long-longer
large-larger
red-redder
happy-happier
He is taller
than his father.
|
the …-est
the longest
the largest
the reddest
the happiest
He is the tallest
in his class.
|
Многосложные прилагательные
образуют степени сравнения при помощи вспомогательных слов.
POSITIVE (ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ)
|
COMPARATIVE (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ)
|
SUPERLATIVE (ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ)
|
as… as
This film version is as interesting as
the book.
not so… as
This dish is not so delicious as
that one.
|
The book is more
interesting
than the film.
|
This book is the most
interesting
I have ever read.
|
EXEPTIONS (ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ):
Good – better- the best
Bad- worse – the worst
Many – more – the most
Much – more – the most
Little – less – the least
Old – elder (older) – the eldest (the oldest)
Far – farther (further) – the farthest (the furthest)
Appendix
7
Сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточным времени или условия
В сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным времени или условия в английском языке в придаточной части предложения группа будущих времен не употребляется. После следующих союзов и предлогов времени will /would; shall /should не ставится.
If - если
Unless – если не
When - когда
Before – до того как
After – после того как
Till - пока
Until – пока не
As soon as – как только
By the time – к тому времени как
1.ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ.
Обе части в данном типе предложения, и главная и придаточная, переводятся на русский язык будущим временем. В английском языке в придаточном предложении употребляется настоящее время.
Я поеду за город, если погода будет хорошая
Главное предложение
|
Придаточное предложение
|
Future Simple
|
Present Simple
|
Will + V1
|
V1
|
I will go
out of town,
|
if the weather is
good.
|
2. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ 1. Описывает события, которые могли бы произойти сегодня или в будущем.
Я бы поехала за город завтра, если бы погода была хорошая.
Главное предложение
|
Придаточное предложение
|
Future Simple- in –the - Past
|
Past Simple
|
Would + V1
|
V2
|
I would go
out of town tomorrow
|
if the weather were
good.
|
В придаточном предложении этого типа глагол to
be
имеет форму сослагательного наклонения were
для всех лиц.
If I were you, I would go and see the doctor.
I wish I were at home now. – Хорошо бы, если бы я был дома сейчас.
2. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ 2. Описывает события, которые могли бы произойти, но не произошли в прошлом.
Я бы поехала за город вчера, если бы погода была хорошая.
Главное предложение
|
Придаточное предложение
|
Future Perfect- in –the – Past
|
Past Perfect
|
Would + have + V3
|
Had + V3
|
I would have gone
out of town yesterday
|
if the weather had been
good.
|
I wish I had been at home yesterday. – Как жаль, что меня не было дома вчера.
Appendix
8
REPORTED SPEECH
КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ
1. ПРОСЬБЫ, КОМАНДЫ И ПРИКАЗЫ передаются в косвенной речи при помощи инфинитива.
+ -
to be – not to be
to go – not to go
слова автора + инфинитив
прямая речь косвенная речь
He said, “Open the door!” He told to open
the door.
She said, “Don’t be late!” She told not to be
late.
She said, “Close the window, please!” She asked to close
the window.
2. ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ.
Слова автора + (that) + подлежащее + сказуемое в соответствии с правилом согласования времен
При переводе в косвенную речь следует помнить о «сдвиге времен», т.е. о правиле согласования времен. Времена меняются следующим образом:
Present Simple – Past Simple
Present Continuous – Past Continuous
Present Perfect – Past Perfect
Past Simple – Past Perfect
Past Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect – Past Perfect Continuous
Future Tenses – Future Tenses – in-the Past
Am / is - was
Are – were
Has / have - had
Don’t/doesn’t – didn’t
Can – could
Must – must / had to
Will – would
Shall - should
Меняются также следующие указательные местоимения и обстоятельства времени:
This –that
These – those
Here –there
Today –that day
Now – then, at that moment
Yesterday – the day before, the previous day
Tomorrow – the following day, the next day
Next week – the next week
Last week – the week before, the previous week
…ago - …before
прямая речь косвенная речь
He said to Mike, “I like
music.” He told Mike that he liked
music.
She said to Terry, “Nick went
home.” She told Terry that Nick had gone
home.
Не забудьте также изменять личные и притяжательные местоимения в соответствии со смыслом.
3. ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.
Важно соблюдать правильный порядок слов. Вопросительный знак не ставится.
А) Общий вопрос
Слова автора + if (whether) + подлежащее + сказуемое
прямая
речь
косвенная
речь
He said, “Do you like music?” He asked if I liked music.
She said to Bill, “Did Paul like music?” She asked Bill if Paul had liked music.
He said to Helen, “Will you go home?” He asked Helen if she would go home.
В) Специальный вопрос
Слова автора + вопросительное слово + подлежащее + сказуемое
прямая
речь
косвенная
речь
He said to Ann, “Where do you live
?” He asked Ann where she lived
.
She said to Tom, “What did you do
?” She asked Tom what he had done
.
Appendix
9
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН
В сложноподчиненном предложении время в придаточной части предложения согласуется с временной формой в главной части предложения. Если в главной части сказуемое стоит в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном предложении может употреблятся тоже одно из прошедших времен.
Для обозначения одновременных действий
в придаточном предложении употребляется Past
Simple
или Past
Continuous
.
Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени.
He knew that she
lived
in London. – Он знал, что она живет
в Лондоне.
She was sure that her son was
doing
his homework at that time. – Она была уверена, что ее сын делает
свою домашнюю работу в то время.
Для обозначений действий, предшедствующих
действию в главном предложении в придаточном предложении употребляется Past
Perfect
. Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в прошедшем времени.
He said he had
seen
that film before. – Он сказал, что смотрел
этот фильм раньше.
Для обозначений действий, которые произойдут в будущем
с точки зрения прошедшего времени, в придаточном предложении употребляется Future
-
in
-
the
-
Past
.
Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в будущем времени.
He informed us that he would go
to Paris soon. – Он сообщил нам, что поедет
в Париж вскоре.
Appendix
10
MODAL WORDS
МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
VERB & ITS MEANING
|
PRESENT
|
PAST
|
FUTURE
|
Must – долженствование;
обязанность
(должен, обязан)
|
must
|
had to
|
will have to
|
Have to – вынужденная необходимость
(должен, нужно)
|
has to/have to
|
had to
|
will have to
|
Be to – договоренность
(должен, предстоит)
|
am/is/are to
|
was/were to
|
_____________
|
Should – совет
(следует, нужно)
|
should
|
_____________
|
_____________
|
Ought to – совет, моральный долг (следует, должен)
|
ought to
|
_____________
|
_____________
|
Can – физическая способность;
возможность;
разрешение
(могу, умею, можно)
|
can
|
could
|
will be able to
|
Be able to – способность
(могу, способен)
|
am/is/are able to
|
was/were able to
|
will be able to
|
May- разрешение
Возможность
(можно, может быть)
|
may
|
might
|
______________
|
Need- необходимость
(Нужно…,
нет необходимости)
|
Need…?
needn’t
|
_____________
|
______________
|
Appendix 11
COMPLEX OBJECT
Инфинитивный оборот: ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ С ИНФИНИТИВОМ
В переводе на русский язык данный оборот образует сложноподчиненное предложение, в котором инфинитив становится сказуемым. Схема данного оборота следующая:
Подлежащее + сказуемое + дополнение + Infinitive
(образуют главное предложение) (образуют придаточное предложение)
Сказуемое в таком предожении обычно выражается глаголом, после которого можно поставить союз что
или чтобы.
To think - думать
To believe – верить, считать
To expect – ожидать
To suppose – предполагать
To know - знать
To learn - узнать
To find out - выяснить
To consider - считать
To understand - понимать
Дополнение может быть выражено именем существительным или местоимением в объектном падеже.
мe
уou
him
her
it
us
them
I thought that he was a good student. – I thought him to be
a good student.
He supposed that they would come soon. – He supposed them to come
soon.
Appendix 12
IRREGULAR VERBS
НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ
Infinitive
|
Past Simple
|
Past Participle
|
Present Participle
|
V1
|
V2
|
V3
|
V4
|
перевод
|
arise
|
arose
|
arisen
|
arising
|
возникать
|
awake
|
awoke
|
awoke
|
awaking
|
будить, просыпаться
|
be
|
was/were
|
been
|
being
|
быть, находиться
|
bear
|
bore
|
born
|
bearing
|
рождать
|
bear
|
bore
|
borne
|
bearing
|
носить, выносить
|
beat
|
beat
|
beaten
|
beating
|
бить
|
become
|
became
|
become
|
becoming
|
становиться
|
begin
|
began
|
begun
|
beginning
|
начинать
|
bend
|
bent
|
bent
|
bending
|
гнуть
|
bind
|
bound
|
bound
|
binding
|
связывать
|
bite
|
bit
|
bitten
|
biting
|
кусать
|
blow
|
blew
|
blown
|
blowing
|
дуть
|
break
|
broke
|
broken
|
breaking
|
ломать
|
breed
|
bred
|
bred
|
breeding
|
выводить породу
|
bring
|
brought
|
brought
|
bringing
|
приносить
|
build
|
built
|
built
|
building
|
строить
|
burn
|
содержание ..
409
410
411 ..
|
|
|