Nissan X-Trail 32. Manual - part 678

SYSTEM

DLN-123

< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION >

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SYSTEM

4WD SYSTEM

4WD SYSTEM : System Description

INFOID:0000000011003975

• Pressing force of multiple disc clutch is controlled by electric control. Driving torque distribution of front and

rear wheels changes automatically between approximately 100 : 0 (2WD) and 50 : 50 (4WD) to have an opti-
mized torque distribution adapted to road condition change.

• Driving mode is selectable among 2WD mode, AUTO mode, and LOCK mode by operating the 4WD mode

switch.

• In accordance with fail-safe function, when system is malfunctioning, 4WD control stops, and the system

becomes 2WD or slight 4WD (rear-wheels still have some driving torque). Refer to 

DLN-125, "4WD SYS-

TEM : Fail-Safe"

.

• When a high load status continues for electric controlled coupling, 4WD control temporarily becomes front

wheel drive, according to protection function. Refer to 

DLN-126, "4WD SYSTEM : Protection Function"

.

SYSTEM DIAGRAM

Signal with Communication Line

Major signal transmission between each unit via CAN communication lines are shown in the following table.

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Component parts

Signal item

Combination meter

Mainly transmits the following signals to 4WD control unit via CAN communication.
• Parking brake switch signal
Mainly receives the following signals from 4WD control unit via CAN communication.
• 4WD warning lamp signal
• 4WD mode indicator lamp signal
• Torque distribution indicator signal

Steering angle sensor

Mainly transmits the following signals to 4WD control unit via CAN communication.
• Steering angle sensor signal

DLN-124

< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION >

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SYSTEM

4WD SYSTEM : Control in Each Mode

INFOID:0000000011003976

2WD MODE

• Vehicle is in front-wheel drive.

CAUTION:

If front wheels are slipping in 2WD mode, never switch to AUTO or LOCK. This can cause difficulties
for the system.
NOTE:
The 4WD control unit may distribute the minimum necessary driving torque to rear wheels even when the
2WD mode is selected, depending on the driving condition. (However AUTO or LOCK indicator lamp does not
illuminate.)

AUTO MODE

• Electronic control allows optimal distribution of torque to front/rear wheels to match road conditions.
• Pressing force of multiple disc clutch is controlled by electric control. Driving torque distribution of front and

rear wheels changes automatically between approximately 100 : 0 (2WD) and 50 : 50 (4WD) to have an opti-
mized torque distribution adapted to road condition change.

• Sensor inputs determine the vehicle's turning condition, and tight cornering/braking are controlled by distrib-

uting optimum torque to rear wheels.

Vehicle Starts Control

• At the start, torque distribution for front and rear wheels is fixed by electric control and stable start is

achieved.

• Makes possible stable driving, with no wheel spin, on snowy roads or other slippery surfaces.

Normal Control

• On roads which do not require 4WD, it contributes to improved fuel economy by driving in conditions close to

front-wheel drive and it results in better fuel efficiency.

• When spin occurs on front wheel, distribute optimum torque to rear wheel and keep stable driving.
• The vehicle cornering status is judged according to information from each sensor, and the optimum torque is

distributed to rear wheels for preventing tight cornering/braking symptom.

LOCK MODE

• Front/rear wheel torque distribution is fixed, ensuring stable driving when climbing slopes.
• In LOCK mode, the pressing force to the multiple disc clutches is maximized by the electronic control and

the driving torque distribution of front and rear wheels is fixed to obtain the 4WD status of approximately 50 :
50.
NOTE:
Only torque distribution may be switched to the control same as the one in AUTO mode, depending on the
driving condition.

• LOCK mode will change to AUTO mode automatically, when the vehicle has been driven at a high speed.

Then LOCK mode control is canceled and the LOCK indicator lamp turns off.

• When vehicle speed exceeds the specified speed, the mode cannot be switched from AUTO mode to LOCK

mode.

• LOCK mode will change to AUTO mode automatically, when the ignition switch is turned OFF in LOCK

mode.

NOTE:
If there is a significant difference in pressure or wear between tires, full vehicle performance is not available.
Tire conditions are detected, and LOCK mode may be prohibited, or else speeds at which LOCK mode is
enabled may be restricted.

ABS actuator and electric unit (control unit)

Mainly transmits the following signals to 4WD control unit via CAN communication.
• Each wheel speed signal
• Decel G sensor signal
• Side G sensor signal
• Yaw rate sensor signal

ECM

Mainly transmits the following signals to 4WD control unit via CAN communication.
• Accelerator pedal position signal
• Engine speed signal
• Engine status signal

Component parts

Signal item

SYSTEM

DLN-125

< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION >

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4WD SYSTEM : Circuit Diagram

INFOID:0000000011003977

4WD SYSTEM : Fail-Safe

INFOID:0000000011003978

If any malfunction occurs in 4WD electrical system, and control unit detects the malfunction, 4WD warning on
information display (combination meter) is displayed to indicate system malfunction. And then 4WD control
unit controls becomes the fail-safe mode depending on DTC.

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DLN-126

< SYSTEM DESCRIPTION >

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SYSTEM

4WD SYSTEM : Protection Function

INFOID:0000000011003979

4WD system activates its protection function (shuts down 4WD system temporarily) if 4WD system detects
high load continuously or the front wheel tire size differs from the rear tire size. (4WD system is automatically
restored if 4WD system no longer detects any overload or the tire size difference is eliminated.)

NOTE:
• If the 4WD warning displays during driving but remains not displayed after the engine is restarted, the sys-

tem is normal. If it again displays after driving for some time, vehicle must be inspected.

• When there is a difference of revolution speed between the front and rear wheel the shift occasionally

changes to direct 4-wheel driving conditions automatically. This is not a malfunction.

INFORMATION DISPLAY (COMBINATION METER)

INFORMATION DISPLAY (COMBINATION METER) : 4WD Warning

INFOID:0000000011003980

DESIGN/PURPOSE

4WD warning is displayed when the 4WD system has a malfunction. 4WD warning indicates that the vehicle is
in fail-safe mode or protection function mode.

SYNCHRONIZATION WITH MASTER WARNING LAMP

Applicable
For master warning lamp, refer to 

MWI-47, "WARNING LAMPS/INDICATOR LAMPS : Master Warning Lamp"

.

DTC

Vehicle condition

•C1201
•C1204
•C1209
•P1804
•P1809

•P1811

•P181F

4WD control changes to front-wheel drive immediately, then 4WD control stops, and the vehicle 
becomes front-wheel drive.

•C1203
•C1210
•P1808

•P181D

•U1000
•U1010

4WD control changes to front-wheel drive gradually (rear-wheels still have some driving torque), 
then 4WD control stops, and the vehicle becomes front-wheel drive.

•P181B

No impact to vehicle behavior.

DTC

4WD warning (on infor-

mation display)

Error area and root cause

Contents of protection 

function

—

Refer to 

DLN-126, "IN-

FORMATION DISPLAY 

(COMBINATION 

METER) : 4WD Warn-

ing"

.

Rear final drive assembly in protection mode. It is not malfunction.
(Internal temperature rise of electronic controlled coupling)

Shuts down 4WD sys-

tem temporarily

(Front wheel drive)

—

Malfunction in each tire or different tire diameter

Symbol

Message

Condition

4WD Error
See Owner’s Manual

4WD system malfunction.

4WD High Temp.
Stop vehicle

Protection function is activated due to heavy load to 
electric controlled coupling. (4WD system is not 
malfunctioning and 4WD system changes to front 
wheel drive.)

Tire Size Incorrect
See Owner’s Manual

Large difference in diameter of front/rear tires.

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