Air Conditioning Fundamentals
TC070-05-01S
8 – AIR CONDITIONING
LUBRICANTS
58
OBJECTIVES
After completing this section, you will be able to:
•
Explain the purpose of refrigeration lubrication.
•
Identify the differences between mineral oil and PAG oil.
•
Describe the characteristics of refrigeration oil.
•
Explain why you must add oil to an A/C system when you replace components.
REFRIGERATION LUBRICATION
Refrigeration oil lubricates the moving parts and seals of an A/C system. The oil flows with
the refrigerant throughout the system. Refrigeration oil and motor oil are different. Never use
motor oil in an A/C system.
Mineral Oil and PAG Oil
The type of refrigeration oil used in an A/C system depends on the type of refrigerant. In fact,
when engineers develop a refrigerant, they simultaneously develop the lubrication oil used
with it.
•
R-12 A/C systems use mineral oil as a lubricant. Different types of compressors in R-12
systems require different types of mineral oil.
•
R-134a systems use oil made of polyalkylene glycols, commonly called PAG oil.
•
PAG oil and mineral oil are completely incompatible. Never mix them.
Characteristics of Refrigeration Oil
Refrigeration oil — either mineral or PAG — is highly refined and free of the additives and
detergents found in conventional motor oil. Refrigeration oil flows freely at temperatures well
below freezing, and it includes an additive to prevent foaming in the A/C system.