Air Conditioning Fundamentals
TC070-05-01S
3 – A/C TERMS AND CONDITIONS
10
OBJECTIVE
After completing this section, you will be able to define basic terms and concepts related to
air conditioning systems.
INTRODUCTION TO AIR CONDITIONING TERMS
All matter can exist in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas. The chemical properties of a
specific substance like water or iron determine which state it assumes under various
temperatures and pressures.
Water, for example, is a liquid at room temperature and sea level. At very cold temperatures,
though, water becomes a solid (ice). At high temperatures, water becomes a gas, or vapor
(steam).
The chemical changes that occur as matter changes from solid to liquid to gas are the basis
for all modern refrigeration systems, including automobile air conditioners. To understand
these changes, you need to know the terms used to describe them.
The following pages define and illustrate these important terms. Keep in mind, the
remaining sections of this Guide use the vocabulary presented in this section.
PRESSURE
All matter consists of small, moving particles called molecules. If you enclose a gas such as
steam in a container, the molecules constantly bump into the sides of the container. The
force of gas molecules against the inside surface of a closed container is pressure. We
measure pressure in pounds per square inch, or psi.
Assume we enclose gas in a container and attach a pressure gauge. The gauge shows a
pressure of 10 psi. This reading means the molecules of gas are hitting the sides of the
container often enough to exert 10 pounds of force on each square inch of the container’s
inside surface.