Mazda Training manual - part 255

 
7 – GLOSSARY 

 

105

Piston Engine Fundamentals

TC010-05-01S

valve adjustment 

— the process of 

setting the valve clearance to proper 
specifications; valves can be manually or 
hydraulically adjusted. 
 
valve clearance 

— the small gap between 

the end of the valve stem and the rocker 
arm; also called lash. 
 
valve face 

— the tapered surface of the 

valve head that seals against the valve 
seat in the cylinder head. 
 
valve guide 

— a hollow insert or passage 

in the cylinder head that holds the valve 
stem. 
 
valve head 

— the larger end of the valve 

that seals the valve port. 
 
valve lash 

— See valve clearance. 

 
valve port 

— a passage controlled by a 

valve that lets the air-fuel mixture into the 
cylinders through the intake port; lets 
exhaust gases out through the exhaust 
port after the mixture has burned. 
 
valve seal 

— seals the valve stem in the 

valve guide, preventing oil from entering 
the combustion chamber. 
 
valve seat 

— the surface on the cylinder 

head where the valve head closes to seal 
the valve port. 
 
valve spring 

— holds the valve closed 

when the cam lobe is not pressing it open. 
 
valve stem 

— the long, narrow part of the 

valve above the valve head. 
 
valve train 

— the engine components that 

open and close the intake and exhaust 
valves so that the four-stroke cycle is 
timed properly. 

vibration damper — controls torsional 
vibration of the crankshaft; mounted on the 
front end of the crankshaft, often as part of the 
pulley; also called a torsional damper or 
harmonic balancer. 
 
viscous drive clutch 

— a type of radiator 

fan clutch controlled by a thermostat and 
fluid coupling; a viscous drive clutch allows 
the fan to turn slow at low temperatures 
and fast at high temperatures. 
 
water pump 

— provides the “push” to 

circulate coolant throughout the cooling 
system. 
 
working height 

— the length of an 

installed valve spring between the retainer 
and the spring pad on the cylinder head 
when the valve is fully closed. 
 
wrist pin 

— See piston pin. 

 

 

 

 

 

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authorization of Mazda Motor Corporation. 

 
 

 

 

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Air Conditioning Fundamentals

TC070-05-01S

 

CONTENTS  

 

page i

1 –INTRODUCTION 
Overview............................................................................................... 1 

Audience and Purpose .................................................................. 1 
Content and Objectives ................................................................. 2 

How to Use This Guide ......................................................................... 5 

Section Objectives ......................................................................... 5 
Text and Illustrations ...................................................................... 5 
Review Exercises .......................................................................... 5 
 

 
 

2 – WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONING? 
Objectives ............................................................................................. 6 
Basic Principle ...................................................................................... 6 
Components Enhancing Comfort .......................................................... 7 

Heater............................................................................................ 7 
Air Conditioning ............................................................................. 7 
Fan ................................................................................................ 7 
Vent louvers ................................................................................... 7 

Air Conditioning Components ............................................................... 8 
Review Exercise 1 ................................................................................ 9 
 

 
 

3 –A/C TERMS AND CONDITIONS 
Objective ........................................................................................... 10 
Introduction To Air Conditioning Terms................................................ 10 
Pressure ............................................................................................. 10 

Reducing the Size of the Container ............................................. 11 
Adding Gas .................................................................................. 11 
Heating the Contents ................................................................... 11 
Effects of Pressure on Boiling Points ........................................... 11 

Heat .......................................................................................................... 12 

Measuring the Properties of Heat ................................................ 12 
Latent Heat .................................................................................. 13 

Humidity.............................................................................................. 13 

Humidity as a Percent.................................................................. 14 
High Humidity .............................................................................. 14 

Review Exercise 2 .............................................................................. 15