Isuzu KB P190. Manual - part 943
Automatic Transmission – 4L60E – General Information
Page 7C1–12
General Definition
Check Ball
A spherical, hydraulically controlled component (usually of steel) that either seals or
opens fluid circuits. It is also referred to as a check valve.
Clutch Pack
An assembly of components generally consisting of clutch plates, an apply plate and a
backing plate.
Clutch Plate
A hydraulically activated component that has two basic designs: (1) all steel, or (2) a
steel core with friction material bonded to one or two sides of the plate.
Control Valve Body
A machined metal casting that contains valve trains and other hydraulically controlled
components that shift the transmission.
Coupling Speed
The speed at which a vehicle is travelling and no longer requires torque multiplication
through the torque converter. At this point, the stator 'free wheels' to allow fluid leaving
the turbine to flow directly to the pump. (Also see Torque Converter).
De-energise(d)
To interrupt the electrical current that flows to an electronically controlled device,
making it electrically inoperable.
Direct Drive
A condition in a gears set where the input speed and input torque equals the output
speed and output torque. The gear ratio through the gear set is 1:1.
Downshift
A change in a gear ratio where both input speed and torque increases.
Duty Cycle
In reference to an electronically controlled solenoid, it is the amount of time (expressed
as a percentage) that current flows through the solenoid coil.
Energise(d)
To supply a current to an electronically controlled device, enabling it to perform its
designed function.
Engine Compression Braking
A condition where compression from the engine is used with the transmission to
decrease vehicle speed.
Exhaust
The release of fluid pressure from a hydraulic circuit. (The words 'exhausts' and
'exhausting' are also used and have the same intended meaning.)
Fail-safe Mode
A condition whereby a component (i.e. engine or transmission) will partially function
even if its electrical circuit is disabled.
Fluid
In this Section of the Service Manual, 'fluid' refers primarily to automatic transmission
fluid (or ATF) and, for the Hydra-matic 4L60E transmission, the only recommended
fluid is Dexron
III.
Fluid Pressure
A pressure that is consistent throughout a given fluid circuit.
Force
A measurable effort that is exerted on an object (component).
Freewheeling
A condition where power is lost through a driving or holding device (i.e. roller or sprag
clutches).
Friction Material
A heat and wear resistant fibrous material, bonded to clutch plates and bands.
Gear
A round, toothed device that is used for transmitting torque through other components.
Gear Range
A specific speed to torque ratio at which the transmission is operating (i.e. 1st gear,
2nd gear etc.).
Gear Ratio
Revolutions of an input gear as compared to the revolutions of an output gear. It can
also be expressed as the number of teeth on a gear as compared to the number of
teeth on a gear that it is in mesh with.
Hydraulic Circuit
A fluid passage which often includes the mechanical components in that circuit
designed to perform a specific function.
Input
A starting point for torque, revolutions or energy into another component of the
transmission.
Internal Gear
The outermost member of a gear set that has gear teeth in constant mesh with the
planetary pinion gears of the gear set.
Land (Valve Land)
The larger diameters of a spool valve that contact the valve bore or bushing.