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FANUC Series 30i/300i/300is-MODEL A. Machining Center System. User's manual - page 47

13.PROGRAM CONFIGURATION

PROGRAMMING

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- Program components

A program consists of the following components:

Table 13 (a) Program components

Components Descriptions

Program code start

Symbol indicating the start of a program file

Leader section

Used for the title of a program file, etc.

Program start

Symbol indicating the start of a program

Program section

Commands for machining

Comment section

Comments or directions for the operator

Program code end

Symbol indicating the end of a program file

Program code start

TITLE

;

O0001 ;

M30 ;

(COMMENT)

Program section

Leader section

Program start

Comment section

Program code end

Fig. 13 (b) Program configuration

- Program section configuration

A program section consists of several blocks. A program section starts
with a program number or file name and ends with a program end
code.

Program section

configuration

Program number

O0001 ;

Block 1

N1 G91 G00 X120.0 Y80.0 ;

Block 2

N2 G43 Z-32.0 H01 ;

: :
Block n

Nn Z0 ;

Program end

M30 ;

A block contains information necessary for machining, such as a move
command or coolant on/off command. Specifying a slash (/) at the
start of a block disables the execution of some blocks (see "optional
block skip" in II-13.2).

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13.1

PROGRAM COMPONENTS OTHER THAN PROGRAM
SECTIONS

This section describes program components other than program
sections. See II-13.2 for a program section.

TITLE

;

O0001 ;

M30 ;

(COMMENT)

Program code start

Program section

Leader section

Program start

Comment section

Program code end

Fig. 13.1 (a) Program configuration

Explanation
- Program code start

The program code start indicates the start of a file that contains NC
programs.
The mark is not required when programs are entered using SYSTEM
P or ordinary personal computers. The mark is not displayed on the
screen. However, if the file is output, the mark is automatically output
at the start of the file.

Table 13.1 (a) Code of a program code start

Name

ISO code

EIA code

Notation in this

manual

Program code start

- Leader section

Data entered before the programs in a file constitutes a leader section.
When machining is started, the label skip state is usually set by
turning on the power or resetting the system. In the label skip state, all
information is ignored until the first end-of-block code is read.
When a file is read into the CNC unit from an I/O device, leader
sections are skipped by the label skip function.
A leader section generally contains information such as a file header.
When a leader section is skipped, even a TV parity check is not made.
So a leader section can contain any codes except the EOB code.

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- Program start

The program start code is to be entered immediately after a leader
section, that is, immediately before a program section.
This code indicates the start of a program, and is always required to
disable the label skip function.
With SYSTEM P or ordinary personal computers, this code can be
entered by pressing the return key.

Table 13.1 (b) Code of a program start

Name

ISO code

EIA code

Notation in this

manual

Program start

;

NOTE

If one file contains multiple programs, the EOB code
for label skip operation must not appear before a
second or subsequent program number.

- Comment section

Any information enclosed by the control-out and control-in codes is
regarded as a comment.
The user can enter a header, comments, directions to the operator, etc.
in a comment section.

Table 13.1 (c) Codes of a control-in and a control-out

Name

ISO code EIA code

Notation in this

manual

Meaning

Control-out (

2-4-5 (

Start of comment

section

Control-in )

2-4-7 )

End of comment

section

When a program is read into memory for memory operation, comment
sections, if any, are not ignored but are also read into memory. Note,
however, that codes other than those listed in the code table in
Appendix A are ignored, and thus are not read into memory.
When data in memory is output on external I/O device (See III-8), the
comment sections are also output.
When a program is displayed on the screen, its comment sections are
also displayed. However, those codes that were ignored when read
into memory are not output or displayed.
During memory operation or DNC operation, all comment sections are
ignored.
The TV check function can be used for a comment section by setting
bit 1 (CTV) of parameter No. 0100.

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CAUTION

If a long comment section appears in the middle of
a program section, a move along an axis may be
suspended for a long time because of such a
comment section. So a comment section should be
placed where movement suspension may occur or
no movement is involved.

NOTE

1 If only a control-in code is read with no matching

control-out code, the read control-in code is
ignored.

2 The following codes cannot be used in the

comment section:
- EOB
- % (ER for EIA)

- Program code end

A program code end is to be placed at the end of a file containing NC
programs.
If programs are entered using the automatic programming system, the
mark need not be entered.
The mark is not displayed on the screen. However, when a file is
output, the mark is automatically output at the end of the file.
If an attempt is made to execute % when M02 or M30 is not placed at
the end of the program, the alarm PS5010 is occurred.

Table 13.1 (d) Code of a program code end

Name

ISO code

EIA code

Notation in this

manual

Program code end

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13.2

PROGRAM SECTION CONFIGURATION

This section describes elements of a program section. See II-13.1 for
program components other than program sections.

(COMMENT)

TITLE ;

O0001 ;

N1 ... ;

M30 ;

Program section

Program number

Sequence number

Program end

Fig. 13.2 (a) Program configuration

- Program number

A program number consisting of address O followed by a four-digit
number is assigned to each program at the beginning registered in
memory to identify the program.    When the 8-digit number function
is selected, the program number consists of eight digits.
In ISO code, the colon ( : ) can be used instead of O.
When no program number is specified at the start of a program, the
sequence number (N....) at the start of the program is regarded as its
program number.    If a five-digit sequence number is used, the lower
four digits are registered as a program number. If the lower four digits
are all 0, the program number registered immediately before added to
1 is registered as a program number.    Note, however, that N0 cannot
be used for a program number.
If there is no program number or sequence number at the start of a
program, a program number must be specified using the MDI panel
when the program is stored in memory (See III-8.2 or III-9.1)

NOTE

Program numbers 8000 to 9999 may be used by
machine tool builders, and the user may not be able
to use these numbers.

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- File name

A file name can be assigned instead of a program number.
When coding a file name, be sure to place the file name enclosed in
"<" and ">" at the beginning of a program.
Example) % ;

<PARTS_1>

;

...

M30

;

NOTE

A file name can be coded:

- At the beginning of a program
- Immediately after M98, G65, G66, G66.1, M96,

G72.1, or G72.2

Do not code a file name in other than the above.

- Sequence number and block

A program consists of several commands. One command unit is called
a block. One block is separated from another with an EOB of end of
block code.

Table 13.2 (a) EOB code

Name

ISO code

EIA code

Notation in this manual

End of block (EOB)

;

At the head of a block, a sequence number consisting of address N
followed by a number not longer than eight digits (1 to 99999999) can
be placed. Sequence numbers can be specified in a random order, and
any numbers can be skipped. Sequence numbers may be specified
for all blocks or only for desired blocks of the program. In general,
however, it is convenient to assign sequence numbers in ascending
order in phase with the machining steps (for example, when a new tool
is used by tool replacement, and machining proceeds to a new surface
with table indexing.)

N300X200.0Z300.0 ; A sequence number is underlined.

Fig. 13.2 (b) Sequence number and block (example)

NOTE

N0 must not be used for the reason of file
compatibility with other CNC systems.

Program number 0 cannot be used. So 0 must
not be used for a sequence number regarded as a
program number.

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- TV check (Vertical parity check)

A parity check is made for each block of input data. If the number of
characters in one block (starting with the code immediately after an
EOB and ending with the next EOB) is odd, a P/S alarm (No.002) is
output.
No TV check is made only for those parts that are skipped by the label
skip function.    Bit 1 (CTV) of parameter No. 0100 is used to specify
whether comments enclosed in parentheses are counted as characters
during TV check.    The TV check function can be enabled or disabled
by setting on the MDI unit (See III-12.3.1.).

- Block configuration (word and address)

A block consists of one or more words. A word consists of an
address followed by a number some digits long. (The plus sign (+) or
minus sign (-) may be prefixed to a number.)
For an address, one of the letters (A to Z) is used ; an address defines
the meaning of a number that follows the address.

Word = Address + number (Example : X-1000)

Table 13.2 (b) indicates the usable addresses and their meanings.
The same address may have different meanings, depending on the
preparatory function specification.

Table 13.2 (b) Major functions and addresses

Function Address

Meaning

Program number

(*)

Program

number

Sequence number

Preparatory function

Specifies a motion mode (linear,
arc, etc.)

X, Y, Z, U, V,

W, A, B, C

Coordinate axis move command

I, J, K

Coordinate of the arc center

Dimension word

R Arc

radius

Feed function

Rate of feed per minute,
Rate of feed per revolution

Spindle speed function

Spindle speed

Tool function

Tool number

On/off control on the machine tool

Auxiliary function

Table indexing, etc.

Program number
designation

P Subprogram

number

Number of repetitions

P, L

Number of subprogram repetitions

Parameter

P, Q

Canned cycle parameter

Offset number

D, H

Offset number

Dwell

P, X

Dwell time

Dwell

P, X, U

Dwell time

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NOTE

(*) In ISO code, the colon ( : ) can also be used as the

address of a program number.

X_ Y_

;

Sequence
number

Preparatory
function

Dimension
word

Feed-functi
on

Spindle
speed
function

Tool

function

Auxiliary
function

Fig. 13.2 (c) 1 block (example)

- Major addresses and ranges of command values

Major addresses and the ranges of values specified for the addresses
are shown below. Note that these figures represent limits on the CNC
side, which are totally different from limits on the machine tool side.
For example, the CNC allows a tool to traverse up to about 100 m (in
millimeter input) along the X axis.
However, an actual stroke along the X axis may be limited to 2 m for
a specific machine tool.
Similarly, the CNC may be able to control a cutting feedrate of up to
240 m/min, but the machine tool may not allow more than 3 m/min.
When developing a program, the user should carefully read the
manuals of the machine tool as well as this manual to be familiar with
the restrictions on programming.

Table 13.2 (c) Major addresses and ranges of command values

Function

Address

Input in mm

Input in inch

Program number

(*1)

1 to 99999999

Sequence number

1 to 99999999

Preparatory function

0 to 99.9

Increment system IS-A

999999.99 mm

999999.99 deg.

99999.999 inch

999999.99 deg.

Increment system IS-B

999999.999 mm

999999.999 deg.

99999.9999 inch

999999.999 deg.

Increment system IS-C

99999.9999 mm

99999.9999 deg.

9999.99999 inch

99999.9999 deg.

Increment system IS-D

9999.99999 mm

9999.99999 deg.

999.999999 inch

9999.99999 deg.

Dimension
word

Increment system IS-E

X,Y,Z,U,V,
W,A,B,C,I,J
,K,R

(*2)

999.999999 mm

999.999999 deg.

99.9999999 inch

999.999999 deg.

Increment system IS-A

0.01 to 999000.00mm/min

0.001 to 96000.000inch/min

Increment system IS-B

0.001 to 999000.000mm/min

0.0001 to 9600.0000inch/min

Increment system IS-C

0.0001 to 99999.9999mm/min

0.00001 to 4000.00000inch/min

Increment system IS-D

0.00001 to 9999.99999mm/min

0.000001 to 400.000000inch/min

Feed per
minute

Increment system IS-E

0.000001 to 999.999999mm/min

0.0000001 to 40.0000000inch/min

Feed per revolution

0.001 to 50000mm/rev

0.0001 to 50.0000inch/rev

Spindle speed function

(*4)

0 to 99999999

Tool function

(*4)

0 to 99999999

(*4)

0 to 99999999

Auxiliary function

(*4)

0 to 99999999

Offset number (M series only)

H, D

0 to 999

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