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содержание .. 14 15 16 17 ..
1.62
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
A
ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
$
4x2
4x4
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɫ
ɨɞɧɢɦ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɦ
ɫɩɟɪɟɞɢ
0
0
ɋ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɢ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɦ
ɫɩɟɪɟɞɢ
ɢ
ɬɪɟɦɹ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚɦɢ
ɫɡɚɞɢ
1
1
ɋ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɢ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɦ
ɫɩɟɪɟɞɢ
,
ɬɪɟɦɹ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɚɦɢ
ɫɡɚɞɢ
ɢ
ɛɚɝɚɠɨɦ
3
2
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɢ
ɛɚɝɚɠ
4
3
ȼ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨ
-
ɛɢɥɹ
,
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
A
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɧɚ
-
ɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ
ɫɜɟɬ
ɮɚɪ
ɩɨ
ɜɵɫɨɬɟ
ɞɥɹ
ɪɚɡɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
.
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
A
ɩɪɨɬɢɜ
ɱɚ
±
ɫɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ
ɩɭɱɨɤ²
ɢ
ɩɨ
ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ
ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼɄȺ
ɋȼȿɌȺ
ɎȺɊ
ɉɈ
ȼɕɋɈɌȿ
(1/2)
A
ɟɝɨ¶
ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɦɢɫɫɢɢ
1.63
ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼɄȺ
ɋȼȿɌȺ
ɎȺɊ
ɉɈ
ȼɕɋɈɌȿ
(2/2)
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟ
ɤɚɩɨɬ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɢ
ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ
ɦɚɪ
-
ɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ
B
ɜɨɡɥɟ
ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɢɡ
ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɯ
ɮɚɪ
.
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ
ɜɢɧɬ
1
ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɮɚɪɵ
ɨɬɜɟɪɬ
-
ɤɨɣ
ɧɚ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ
ɜ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
«-»
ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ
ɫɜɟɬɚ
ɮɚɪ
.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ
ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ
ɜ
ɫɜɨɸ
ɫɬɪɚɧɭ
:
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ
ɜɢɧɬ
1
ɧɚ
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ
ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ
ɜ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
«+»
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɹ
ɫɜɟɬɚ
ɮɚɪ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
ɫ
ɥɟɜɵɦ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɪɭɥɹ
ɧɚ
ɞɨɪɨ
-
ɝɚɯ
ɫ
ɥɟɜɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ
(
ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ
)
ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɨ
-
ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ
-
ɳɭɸ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ
ɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢ
-
ɛɨɪɨɜ
.
1
B
1.64
ɋɌȿɄɅ
ɈɈɑɂɋɌɂɌȿɅɂ¹ɋɌȿɄɅɈɈɆɕȼȺɌȿɅɂ ¶º¹µ·
n
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ
ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ
ɩɨ
-
ɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝ
ɩɨɞɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸ
-
ɱɚɬɟɥɹ
1
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɭɥɟɜɨɦɭ
ɤɨɥɟɫɭ
¶
A
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ
.
B
ɉɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɣ
ɪɟɠɢɦ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ
.
C
ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɫ
ɦɚɥɨɣ
ɱɚ
-
ɫɬɨɬɨɣ
.
D
ɇɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɫ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ
ɱɚ
-
ɫɬɨɬɨɣ
.
s
Ɉɦɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ
ɩɨɬɹɧɢɬɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝ
ɩɨɞɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
1
ɧɚ
ɫɟɛɹ
.
ȼ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɦɵɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚ
-
ɟɬɫɹ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɧɨ
-
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɦɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ
ɫɨ
-
ɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ
ɬɪɢ
ɜɡɦɚɯɚ
.
ɉɪɢ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ
ɫ
ɜɟ
-
ɬɪɨɜɵɦ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɦ
(
ɦɨɣɤɚ
ɚɜ
-
ɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ
,
ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜ
,
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ
ɜɟɬɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɢ
ɬ
.
ɩ
.)
ɩɟ
-
ɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
1
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
A
(
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
).
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɪɚɜɦ
ɢ
/
ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ
.
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ
ɜ
ɩɨɞɤɚɩɨɬɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨ
-
ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢ
-
ɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
A
(
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ
).
Ɉɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ
ɬɪɚɜɦ
.
1
A
B
C
D
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢ
-
ɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
¶
ɂɯ
ɫɪɨɤ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ
ȼɚɫ
:
–
ɨɧɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢ
:
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ
ɦɨɣɬɟ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
;
–
ɧɟ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ
ɬɪɟɧɢɹ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨ
-
ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
ɩɨ
ɫɭɯɨɦɭ
ɫɬɟɤɥɭ
;
–
ɨɬɜɟɞɹ
ɤɚɠɞɭɸ
ɳɟɬɤɭ
ɨɬ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
,
ɭɛɟ
-
ɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɥɢɩɥɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɡɥɢ
ɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɭ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢ
-
ɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ
ɧɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɢɫɶ
ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɢ
-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
.
Ɂɚɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɫɪɚɡɭ
ɠɟ
,
ɤɚɤ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɟ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ
ɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
,
ɧɨ
ɧɟ
ɪɟɠɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɚ
ɜ
ɝɨɞ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɜ
ɬɟɦɟ
«
ɓɟɬɤɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
»
ɜ
ɪɚɡ
-
ɞɟɥɟ
5).
Ɇɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
–
ȼ
ɦɨɪɨɡɧɭɸ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɧɟɠɧɭɸ
ɩɨɝɨɞɭ
ɫɜɨɟɜ
-
ɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɞɨ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟ
-
ɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
(
ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ
ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚ
-
ɬɟɥɟɣ
).
–
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬ
-
ɫɬɜɢɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɩɨ
ɫɬɟ
-
ɤɥɚɦ
.
1.65
ɋɌȿɄɅɈɈɑɂɋɌɂɌȿɅɂ¹ɋɌȿɄɅɈɈɆɕȼȺɌȿɅɂ ¶µ¹µ·
Y
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ
ɤɨɥɶɰɨ
ɜ
ɬɨɪɰɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝɚ
ɩɨɞɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟ
-
ɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
1
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɦɟɬɤɚ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ
2
.
p
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ
/
ɨɦɵɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ
ɤɨɥɶɰɨ
ɜ
ɬɨɪɰɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝɚ
ɩɨɞɪɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟ
-
ɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
1
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɦɟɬɤɚ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɫɹ
ɫ
ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ
2
.
ȿɫɥɢ
ɬɟɩɟɪɶ
ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ
ɤɨɥɶɰɨ
,
ɨɧɨ
ɜɟɪ
-
ɧɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
.
1
2
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
ɋɥɟɞɢɬɟ
ɡɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢ
-
ɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
¶
ɂɯ
ɫɪɨɤ
ɫɥɭɠɛɵ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ
ȼɚɫ
:
–
ɨɧɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ
ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢ
:
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ
ɦɨɣɬɟ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɨɞɨɣ
;
–
ɧɟ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ
ɬɪɟɧɢɹ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨ
-
ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
ɩɨ
ɫɭɯɨɦɭ
ɫɬɟɤɥɭ
;
–
ɨɬɜɟɞɹ
ɤɚɠɞɭɸ
ɳɟɬɤɭ
ɨɬ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
,
ɭɛɟ
-
ɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɥɢɩɥɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɡɥɢ
ɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɭ
,
ɟɫɥɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢ
-
ɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ
ɧɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɢɫɶ
ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɞɥɢ
-
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
.
Ɂɚɦɟɧɹɣɬɟ
ɳɟɬɤɢ
ɫɪɚɡɭ
ɠɟ
,
ɤɚɤ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɟ
ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ
ɢɯ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
,
ɧɨ
ɧɟ
ɪɟɠɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɚ
ɜ
ɝɨɞ
(
ɫɦ
.
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɜ
ɬɟɦɟ
«
ɓɟɬɤɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
»
ɜ
ɪɚɡ
-
ɞɟɥɟ
5).
Ɇɟɪɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
–
ȼ
ɦɨɪɨɡɧɭɸ
ɢɥɢ
ɫɧɟɠɧɭɸ
ɩɨɝɨɞɭ
ɫɜɨɟɜ
-
ɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɨɱɢɳɚɣɬɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɚ
ɞɨ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟ
-
ɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ
(
ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ
ɢɯ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚ
-
ɬɟɥɟɣ
).
–
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
ɜ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɥɸɛɵɯ
ɩɪɟɩɹɬ
-
ɫɬɜɢɣ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɳɟɬɨɤ
ɩɨ
ɫɬɟ
-
ɤɥɚɦ
.
ɇɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɪɵɱɚɝ
ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɬɟɤ
-
ɥɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ
ɢɥɢ
ɡɚ
-
ɤɪɵɬɶ
ɞɜɟɪɶ
ɛɚɝɚɠɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
.
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