Nissan Murano Z50 (2005 year). Manual - part 129

 

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Nissan Murano Z50 (2005 year). Manual - part 129

 

 

TIMING CHAIN

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b.

Apply a continuous bead of liquid gasket with the tube presser
[SST: WS39930000 (

)] to intake valve timing control cov-

ers as shown in the figure.
Use Genuine RTV Silicone Sealant or equivalent. Refer to

GI-47, "RECOMMENDED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS AND
SEALANTS"

 .

c.

Install new collared O-rings in front timing chain case oil hole
(left and right sides).

d.

Being careful not to move seal rings from the installation grooves, align dowel pins on front timing chain
case with the holes to install intake valve timing control covers.

e.

Tighten mounting bolts in numerical order as shown in the fig-
ure.

16. Install crankshaft pulley as follows:

a.

Install crankshaft pulley, taking care not to damage front oil seal.

When press-fitting crankshaft pulley with a plastic hammer, tap on its center portion (not circumfer-
ence).

b.

Fix crankshaft with the pulley holder [SST: KV10109300 (

)].

c.

Tighten crankshaft pulley bolt.

d.

Turn crankshaft pulley bolt 90 degrees clockwise (angle tighten-
ing).

CAUTION:

Check the tightening angle by using the angle wrench
[SST]. Avoid judgement by visual inspection without SST.

Check tightening angle indicated on the angle wrench indica-
tor plate.

SBIA0492E

PBIC2631E

PBIC0918E

 : 44.1 N·m (4.5 kg-m, 33 ft-lb)

PBIC4224E

EM-78

TIMING CHAIN

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17. Rotate crankshaft pulley in normal direction (clockwise when viewed from engine front) to confirm it turns

smoothly.

18. Install in the reverse order of removal after this step.

INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
Inspection for Leaks

The following are procedures for checking fluids leak, lubricates leak and exhaust gases leak.

Before starting engine, check oil/fluid levels including engine coolant and engine oil. If less than required
quantity, fill to the specified level. Refer to 

MA-10, "RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS"

 .

Use procedure below to check for fuel leakage.

Turn ignition switch “ON” (with engine stopped). With fuel pressure applied to fuel piping, check for fuel
leakage at connection points.

Start engine. With engine speed increased, check again for fuel leakage at connection points.

Run engine to check for unusual noise and vibration.
NOTE:
If hydraulic pressure inside timing chain tensioner drops after removal/installation, slack in the guide may
generate a pounding noise during and just after engine start. However, this is normal. Noise will stop after
hydraulic pressure rises.

Warm up engine thoroughly to make sure there is no leakage of fuel, exhaust gases, or any oil/fluids
including engine oil and engine coolant.

Bleed air from lines and hoses of applicable lines, such as in cooling system.

After cooling down engine, again check oil/fluid levels including engine oil and engine coolant. Refill to the
specified level, if necessary.

Summary of the inspection items:

* Transmission/transaxle/CVT fluid. power steering fluid, brake fluid, etc.

Item

Before starting engine

Engine running

After engine stopped

Engine coolant

Level

Leakage

Level

Engine oil

Level

Leakage

Level

Other oils and fluid*

Level

Leakage

Level

Fuel

Leakage

Leakage

Leakage

Exhaust gases

Leakage

CAMSHAFT

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CAMSHAFT

PFP:13001

Removal and Installation

ABS0032R

REMOVAL

1.

Remove engine assembly from the vehicle, and separate front suspension member, transaxle and trans-
fer (AWD models) assembly from engine. Refer to 

EM-107, "ENGINE ASSEMBLY"

 .

1.

Intake valve timing control solenoid 
valve

2.

Gasket

3.

Camshaft bracket (No. 2 to No. 4)

4.

Seal washer

5.

Camshaft (EXH)

6.

Camshaft (INT)

7.

Camshaft bracket (No. 1)

8.

Dowel pin

9.

Valve lifter

10. O-ring

11.

Timing chain tensioner (Secondary)

12. Spring

13. Plunger

14.

Cylinder head (right bank)

15. Cylinder head (left bank)

16. O-ring

17.

Camshaft position sensor (PHASE) 
(right bank)

18.

Camshaft position sensor (PHASE) 
(left bank)

PBIC2306E

EM-80

CAMSHAFT

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2.

Install engine sub-attachment with engine stand shaft [SST: KV10117001 (

) and KV10106500 (

)] to right side of cylinder block, then lift engine, and mount it onto engine stand [SST: ST0501S000

(

)]. Refer to 

EM-113, "CYLINDER BLOCK"

 .

3.

Remove front timing chain case, camshaft sprocket, timing chain and rear timing chain case. Refer to 

EM-

60, "TIMING CHAIN"

 .

4.

Remove camshaft position sensor (PHASE) (right and left
banks) from cylinder head back side.

CAUTION:

Handle carefully to avoid dropping and shocks.

Do not disassemble.

Do not allow metal powder to adhere to magnetic part at
sensor tip.

Do not place sensors in a location where they are
exposed to magnetism.

5.

Remove intake valve timing control solenoid valves.

Discard intake valve timing control solenoid valve gaskets and
use new gaskets for installation.

6.

Remove camshaft brackets.

Mark camshafts, camshaft brackets and bolts so they are placed in the same position and direction for
installation.

Equally loosen camshaft bracket bolts in several steps in
reverse order as shown in the figure.

7.

Remove camshafts.

8.

Remove valve lifters.

KBIA1046E

SEM443GA

PBIC2050E

CAMSHAFT

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Identify installation positions, and store them without mixing them up.

9.

Remove chain tensioner (secondary) from cylinder head.

Remove timing chain tensioner (secondary) with its stopper
pin attached.

NOTE:
Stopper pin was attached when timing chain (secondary) was
removed.

INSPECTION AFTER REMOVAL
Camshaft Runout

1.

Put V-block on precise flat table, and support No. 2 and 4 jour-
nals of camshaft.

CAUTION:

Do not support journal No. 1 (on the side of camshaft
sprocket) because it has a different diameter from the other
three locations.

2.

Set a dial indicator vertically to No. 3 journal.

3.

Turn camshaft to one direction with hands, and measure the
camshaft runout on dial indicator. (Total indicator reading)

4.

If it exceeds the limit, replace camshaft.

Camshaft Cam Height

1.

Measure the camshaft cam height with a micrometer.

2.

If wear is beyond the limit, replace camshaft.

Camshaft Journal Oil Clearance

CAMSHAFT JOURNAL DIAMETER

Measure the outer diameter of camshaft journal with a microme-
ter.

SEM947G

Standard

: Less than 0.02 mm (0.001 in)

Limit

: 0.05 mm (0.002 in)

PBIC0929E

Standard cam height (intake and exhaust)

: 44.865 - 45.055 mm (1.7663 - 1.7738 in)

Cam wear limit

: 0.2 mm (0.008 in)

EMQ0072D

Standard:

No. 1

: 25.935 - 25.955 mm (1.0211 - 1.0218 in)

No. 2, 3, 4

: 23.445 - 23.465 mm (0.9230 - 0.9238 in)

PBIC0040E

EM-82

CAMSHAFT

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CAMSHAFT BRACKET INNER DIAMETER 

Tighten camshaft bracket bolt with the specified torque. Refer to 

EM-84, "INSTALLATION"

 for the tighten-

ing procedure.

Measure inner diameter “A” of camshaft bracket with a bore
gauge.

CAMSHAFT JOURNAL OIL CLEARANCE

(Oil clearance) = (Camshaft bracket inner diameter) – (Camshaft journal diameter).

If the calculated value exceeds the limit, replace either or both camshaft and cylinder head.

NOTE:
Camshaft brackets cannot be replaced as single part, because there are machined together with cylinder
head. Replace whole cylinder head assembly.

Camshaft End Play

Install a dial indicator in thrust direction on front end of camshaft.
Measure the end play of dial indicator when camshaft is moved
forward/backward (in direction to axis).

Measure the following parts if out of the limit.

Dimension “A” for camshaft No. 1 journal

Dimension “B” for cylinder head No. 1 journal bearing

Refer to the standards above, and then replace camshaft and/or
cylinder head.

Camshaft Sprocket Runout

1.

Put V-block on precise flat table, and support No. 2 and 4 journal of camshaft.

CAUTION:

Do not support journal No. 1 (on the side of camshaft sprocket) because it has a different diameter
from the other three locations.

Standard:

No. 1

: 26.000 - 26.021 mm (1.0236 - 1.0244 in)

No. 2, 3, 4

: 23.500 - 23.521 mm (0.9252 - 0.9260 in)

PBIC1645E

Standard:

No. 1

: 0.045 - 0.086 mm (0.0018 - 0.0034 in)

No. 2, 3, 4

: 0.035 - 0.076 mm (0.0014 - 0.0030 in)

Limit

: 0.15 mm (0.0059 in)

Standard

: 0.115 - 0.188 mm (0.0045 - 0.0074 in)

Limit

: 0.24 mm (0.0094 in)

SEM864E

Standard

: 27.500 - 27.548 mm (1.0827 - 1.0846 in)

Standard

: 27.360 - 27.385 mm (1.0772 - 1.0781 in)

KBIA2404J

CAMSHAFT

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2.

Measure the camshaft sprocket runout with a dial indicator.
(Total indicator reading)

If it exceeds the limit, replace camshaft sprocket.

Valve Lifter 

Check if surface of valve lifter has any wear or cracks.

If anything above is found, replace valve lifter. Refer to 

EM-144,

"Available Valve Lifter"

 .

Valve Lifter Clearance

VALVE LIFTER OUTER DIAMETER

Measure the outer diameter at 1/2 height of valve lifter with a
micrometer since valve lifter is in barrel shape.

VALVE LIFTER HOLE DIAMETER

Measure the inner diameter of valve lifter hole of cylinder head
with an inside micrometer.

VALVE LIFTER CLEARANCE

(Valve lifter clearance) = (Valve lifter hole diameter) – (Valve lifter outer diameter)

If the calculated value is out of the standard, referring to each standard of valve lifter outer diameter and
valve lifter hole  diameter, replace either or both valve lifter and cylinder head.

Limit

: 0.15 mm (0.0059 in)

PBIC0930E

KBIA0182E

Standard (Intake and exhaust)

: 33.977 - 33.987 mm (1.3377 - 1.3381 in)

JEM798G

Standard (Intake and exhaust)

: 34.000 - 34.016 mm (1.3386 - 1.3392 in)

SEM867E

Standard (Intake and exhaust)

: 0.013 - 0.039 mm (0.0005 - 0.0015 in)

EM-84

CAMSHAFT

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INSTALLATION

1.

Install timing chain tensioners (secondary) on both sides of cyl-
inder head.

Install timing chain tensioner with its stopper pin attached. 

Install timing chain tensioner with sliding part facing down-
ward on right-side cylinder head, and with sliding part facing
upward on left-side cylinder head.

Install new O-rings as shown in the figure.

2.

Install valve lifters.

Install it in the original position.

3.

Install camshafts.

Install camshaft with dowel pin attached to its front end face
on the exhaust side.

Follow your identification marks made during removal, or fol-
low the identification marks that are present on new cam-
shafts for proper placement and direction.

Install camshaft so that dowel pin hole and dowel pin on front
end face are positioned as shown in figure. (No. 1 cylinder
TDC on its compression stroke)

NOTE:

Large and small pin holes are located on front end face of
camshaft (INT), at intervals of 180 degrees. Face small dia.
side pin hole upward (in cylinder head upper face direc-
tion).

Though camshaft does not stop at the portion as shown in
the figure, for the placement of cam nose, it is generally
accepted camshaft is placed for the same direction of the
figure.

SBIA0499E

KBIA1071E

Bank

INT/EXH

Dowel pin

Paint marks

ID mark

M1

M2

RH

INT

No

Pink

No

RE

EXH

Yes

No

Orange

RE

LH

INT

No

Pink

No

LH

EXH

Yes

No

Orange

LH

KBIA1009E

PBIC2478E

CAMSHAFT

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4.

Install camshaft brackets.

Remove foreign material completely from camshaft bracket
backside and from cylinder head installation face.

Install camshaft bracket in original position and direction as
shown in figure.

Install camshaft brackets (No. 2 to 4) aligning the stamp
marks as shown in the figure.

NOTE:
There are no identification marks indicating left and right for
camshaft bracket (No. 1).

Apply liquid gasket to mating surface of camshaft bracket (No.
1) as shown on right and left banks.
Use Genuine RTV Silicone Sealant or equivalent. Refer to

GI-47, "RECOMMENDED CHEMICAL PRODUCTS AND
SEALANTS"

 .

SEM446G

PBIC2052E

PBIC2660E

EM-86

CAMSHAFT

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5.

Tighten camshaft bracket bolts in the following steps, in numeri-
cal order as shown.

a.

Tighten No. 7 to 10 in order as shown.

b.

Tighten No. 1 to 6 in order as shown.

c.

Tighten No. 1 to 10 in numerical order as shown.

d.

Tighten No. 1 to 6 in numerical order as shown.

e.

Tighten No. 7 to 10 in numerical order as shown.

CAUTION:

After tightening mounting bolts of camshaft brackets (No. 
1), be sure to wipe off excessive liquid gasket from the 
parts list below.

Mating surface of rocker cover

Mating surface of rear timing chain case

6.

Measure difference in levels between front end faces of cam-
shaft bracket (No. 1) and cylinder head. 

Measure two positions (both intake and exhaust side) for a
single bank.

If the measured value is out of the standard, re-install cam-
shaft  bracket (No. 1).

7.

Inspect and adjust the valve clearance. Refer to 

EM-88, "Valve Clearance"

 .

8.

Install in the reverse order of removal after this step.

INSPECTION AFTER INSTALLATION
Inspection of Camshaft Sprocket (INT) Oil Groove

CAUTION:

Perform this inspection only when DTC P0011 or P0021 are detected in self-diagnostic results of
CONSULT-II and it is directed according to inspection procedure of EC section. Refer to 

EC-130,

"SELF-DIAG RESULTS MODE"

 .

Check when engine ins cold so as to prevent burns from any splashing engine oil.

1.

Check the engine oil level. Refer to 

LU-6, "ENGINE OIL"

 .

2.

Perform the following procedure so as to prevent the engine from being unintentionally started while
checking.

a.

Release fuel pressure. Refer to 

EC-92, "FUEL PRESSURE RELEASE"

 .

b.

Disconnect ignition coil and injector harness connectors.

3.

Remove intake valve timing control solenoid valve. Refer to 

EM-79, "CAMSHAFT"

 .

 : 1.96 N·m (0.20 kg-m, 1 ft-lb)

 : 1.96 N·m (0.20 kg-m, 1 ft-lb)

 : 5.88 N·m (0.60 kg-m, 4 ft-lb)

 : 10.4 N·m (1.1 kg-m, 8 ft-lb)

 : 9.3 N·m (0.95 kg-m, 82 ft-lb)

PBIC2050E

Standard

: –0.14 to 0.14 mm (–0.0055 to 0.0055 in) 

EMQ0044D

CAMSHAFT

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4.

Crank the engine, and then make sure that engine oil comes out
from camshaft bracket (No. 1) oil hole. End crank after checking.

WARNING:

Be careful not to touch rotating parts (drive belts, idler pul-
ley, and crankshaft pulley, etc.).

CAUTION:

Engine oil may squirt from intake valve timing control sole-
noid valve installation hole during cranking. Use a shop
cloth to prevent the engine components and the vehicle. Do
not allow engine oil to get on rubber components such as
drive belt or engine mount insulators. Immediately wipe off
any splashed engine oil.

Clean oil groove between oil strainer and intake valve timing control solenoid valve if engine oil does not
come out from camshaft bracket (No. 1) oil hole. Refer to 

LU-4, "LUBRICATION SYSTEM"

 .

5.

Remove components between intake valve timing control solenoid valve and camshaft sprocket (INT),
and then check each oil groove for clogging.

Clean oil groove if necessary. Refer to 

LU-4, "LUBRICATION SYSTEM"

 .

6.

After inspection, install removed parts.

Inspection for Leaks

The following are procedures for checking fluids leak, lubricates leak and exhaust gases leak.

Before starting engine, check oil/fluid levels including engine coolant and engine oil. If less than required
quantity, fill to the specified level. Refer to 

MA-10, "RECOMMENDED FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS"

 .

Use procedure below to check for fuel leakage.

Turn ignition switch “ON” (with engine stopped). With fuel pressure applied to fuel piping, check for fuel
leakage at connection points.

Start engine. With engine speed increased, check again for fuel leakage at connection points.

Run engine to check for unusual noise and vibration.

NOTE:
If hydraulic pressure inside timing chain tensioner drops after removal/installation, slack in the guide may
generate a pounding noise during and just after engine start. However, this is normal. Noise will stop after
hydraulic pressure rises.

Warm up engine thoroughly to make sure there is no leakage of fuel, exhaust gases, or any oil/fluids
including engine oil and engine coolant.

Bleed air from lines and hoses of applicable lines, such as in cooling system.

After cooling down engine, again check oil/fluid levels including engine oil and engine coolant. Refill to the
specified level, if necessary.

Summary of the inspection items:

* Transmission/transaxle/CVT fluid. power steering fluid, brake fluid, etc.

PBIC2869E

Item

Before starting engine

Engine running

After engine stopped

Engine coolant

Level

Leakage

Level

Engine oil

Level

Leakage

Level

Other oils and fluid*

Level

Leakage

Level

Fuel

Leakage

Leakage

Leakage

Exhaust gases

Leakage

EM-88

CAMSHAFT

Revision: 2005 August

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Valve Clearance

ABS003MI

INSPECTION

In cases of removing/installing or replacing camshaft and valve-
related parts, or of unusual engine conditions due to changes in
valve clearance (found malfunctions during stating, idling or causing
noise), perform inspection as follows:

1.

Remove rocker covers (right and left banks). Refer to 

EM-47, "ROCKER COVER"

 .

2.

Measure the valve clearance as follows:

a.

Set No. 1 cylinder at TDC of its compression stroke.

Rotate crankshaft pulley clockwise to align timing mark
(grooved line without color) with timing indicator.

Make sure that  intake and exhaust cam noses on No. 1 cylin-
der (engine front side of right bank) are located as shown in
the figure.

If not, turn crankshaft one revolution (360 degrees) and align
as shown in the figure.

b.

Use a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between valve lifter
and camshaft.

SEM713A

SEM918G

SEM418G

SEM139D

CAMSHAFT

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Valve clearance:

Unit: mm (in)

*: Approximately 80

°

C (176

°

F)

By referring to the figure, measure the valve clearances at
locations marked “

×

” as shown in the table below (locations

indicated in the figure).

No. 1 cylinder at compression TDC

c.

Rotate crankshaft by 240 degrees clockwise (when viewed from
engine front) to align No. 3 cylinder at TDC of its compression
stroke.

NOTE:
Crankshaft pulley mounting bolt flange has a stamped line every
60 degrees. They can be used as a guide to rotation angle.

Items

Cold

Hot * (reference data)

Intake

0.26 - 0.34 (0.010 - 0.013)

0.304 - 0.416 (0.012 - 0.016)

Exhaust

0.29 - 0.37 (0.011 - 0.015)

0.308 - 0.432 (0.012 - 0.016)

Measuring position (right bank)

No. 1 CYL.

No. 3 CYL.

No. 5 CYL.

No. 1 cylinder at 

compression TDC

EXH

×

INT

×

Measuring position (left bank)

No. 2 CYL.

No. 4 CYL.

No. 6 CYL.

No. 1 cylinder at 

compression TDC

INT

×

 

EXH

×

 

PBIC2054E

SEM751G

EM-90

CAMSHAFT

Revision: 2005 August

2005 Murano

By referring to the figure, measure the valve clearances at
locations marked “

×

” as shown in the table below (locations

indicated in the figure).

No. 3 cylinder at compression TDC

d.

Rotate crankshaft by 240 degrees clockwise (when viewed from
engine front) to align  No. 5 cylinder at TDC of compression
stroke. 

By referring to the figure, measure the valve clearances at
locations marked “

×

” as shown in the table below (locations

indicated in the figure).

No. 5 cylinder at compression TDC

Measuring position (right bank)

No. 1 CYL.

No. 3 CYL.

No. 5 CYL.

No. 3 cylinder at 

compression TDC

EXH

×

INT

×

Measuring position (left bank)

No. 2 CYL.

No. 4 CYL.

No. 6 CYL.

No. 3 cylinder at 

compression TDC

INT

×

 

EXH

 

×

PBIC2055E

SEM751G

Measuring position (right bank)

No. 1 CYL.

No. 3 CYL.

No. 5 CYL.

No. 5 cylinder at 

compression TDC

EXH

×

INT

×

Measuring position (left bank)

No. 2 CYL.

No. 4 CYL.

No. 6 CYL.

No. 5 cylinder at 

compression TDC

INT

×

 

EXH

 

×

PBIC2056E

CAMSHAFT

EM-91

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

A

EM

Revision: 2005 August

2005 Murano

3.

For the measured value are out of the standard, perform adjustment. Refer to 

EM-91, "ADJUSTMENT"

 .

ADJUSTMENT

Perform adjustment depending on selected head thickness of valve lifter.

1.

Measure the valve clearance. Refer to 

EM-88, "INSPECTION"

 .

2.

Remove camshaft. Refer to 

EM-79, "REMOVAL"

 .

3.

Remove valve lifters at the locations that are out of the standard.

4.

Measure the center thickness of the removed valve lifters with a
micrometer.

5.

Use the equation below to calculate valve lifter thickness for replacement.

Thickness of new valve lifter can be identified by stamp marks
on the reverse side (inside the cylinder).
Stamp mark 788U or 788R indicates 7.88 mm (0.3102 in) in
thickness.

NOTE:
Two types of stamp marks are used for parallel setting and for
manufacturer identification.

Available thickness of valve lifter: 27 sizes with range 7.88 to 8.40 mm (0.3102 to 0.3307 in) in steps of
0.02 mm (0.0008 in) (when manufactured at factory). Refer to 

EM-144, "Available Valve Lifter"

 .

6.

Install selected valve lifter.

7.

Install camshaft. Refer to 

EM-84, "INSTALLATION"

 .

8.

Manually turn crankshaft pulley a few turns. 

9.

Make sure that the valve clearances for cold engine are within the specifications by referring to the speci-
fied values. Refer to 

EM-88, "INSPECTION"

 .

10. Install all removal parts in the reverse order of removal. Refer to 

EM-84, "INSTALLATION"

 .

11. Warm up the engine, and check for unusual noise and vibration.

KBIA0057E

Valve lifter thickness calculation:

t = t

1

 + (C

1

 – C

2

 )

t

= Valve lifter thickness to be replaced

t

1

     

=  Removed  valve  lifter  thickness

C

1

= Measured valve clearance

C

2

= Standard valve clearance:

Intake

: 0.30 mm (0.012 in)*

Exhaust

: 0.33 mm (0.013 in)*

*: Approximately 20

°

C (68

°

F)

KBIA0119E

EM-92

OIL SEAL

Revision: 2005 August

2005 Murano

OIL SEAL

PFP:00100

Removal and Installation of Valve Oil Seal

ABS003MJ

REMOVAL

1.

Remove engine assembly from the vehicle, and separate front suspension member, transaxle and trans-
fer (AWD models) assembly from engine. Refer to 

EM-107, "ENGINE ASSEMBLY"

 .

2.

Install engine sub-attachment with engine stand shaft [SST: KV10117001 (

) and KV10106500 (

)] to right side of cylinder block, then lift engine, and mount it onto engine stand [SST: ST0501S000

(

)]. Refer to 

EM-113, "CYLINDER BLOCK"

 .

3.

Remove camshaft relating to valve oil seal to be removed. Refer to 

EM-79, "CAMSHAFT"

 .

4.

Remove valve lifters. Refer to 

EM-79, "CAMSHAFT"

 .

5.

Turn crankshaft until the cylinder requiring new oil seals is at TDC. This will prevent valve from dropping
into cylinder.

6.

Remove valve collet.

Compress valve spring with the valve spring compressor, the
attachment, the adapter [SST]. Remove valve collet with a
magnet hand.

CAUTION:

When working, take care not to damage valve lifter holes.

7.

Remove valve spring retainer and valve spring.

8.

Remove valve oil seal using the valve oil seal puller [SST].

INSTALLATION

1.

Apply new engine oil on new valve oil seal joint and seal lip.

2.

Using the valve oil seal drift [SST], press fit valve seal to height
“H” shown in figure.

NOTE:
Dimension “H”: Height measured before valve spring seat instal-
lation

3.

Install in the reverse order of removal after this step.

PBIC1803E

PBIC0884E

Intake and exhaust

: 14.3 - 14.9 mm (0.563 - 0.587 in)

PBIC2769E

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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