Главная Учебники - Разные Лекции (разные) - часть 22
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1. Введение__________________________________________стр.2
- The Future Indefinite Tense
- The continuous Tenses
- The Perfect Tenses
- The Passive Voice
- Modal Verbs
- NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB
5. Фрагменты уроков
6.ПОСЛЕСЛОВИЕ
Тема эксперимента:
«развитие лексических, грамматических и произносительных навыков с использованием пословиц и поговорок в процессе обучения английскому языку». Актуальность исследования :
пословицы и поговорки начали использовать в процессе обучения иностранному языку очень давно (в средневековой Европе; с их помощью обучали латыни), и сейчас их использование на уроках английского языка в средней школе помогает учащимся овладеть не только аспектами языка, а именно, произношением, грамматикой, лексикой, но и важнейшим видом речевой деятельности, говорением. Пословицы и поговорки - это благодатный материал для обучения тому, как одну и ту же мысль можно выразить разными словами. Они незаменимы в обучении монологической и диалогической речи, делая речь живой, красочной, поэтому выбранная тема представляется актуальной. Объект исследования:
классные коллективы 9-11 классов Основная цель исследования:
обеспечить совершенствование навыков правильного грамматического оформления речи, развитие её идиоматичности. Задачи исследования:
1.проанализировать методическую и методологическую ценность использования пословиц и поговорок на уроках английского языка; 2.рассмотреть возможность их использование для обучения монологической и диалогической речи. 3. развития произносительных навыков.4.использование пословиц и поговорок при обучении грамматике. Методы исследования:
наблюдение, метод экспертных оценок, сравнение, анализ. Срок исследования:
2002-2007 учебный год. Этапы исследования:
1 подготовительный - теоретический анализ и изучение психолого- педагогической и научно-методической литературы. - диагностика возможностей участия учеников 9-11 классов в экспериментальном исследовании. Введение
Грамматическая часть экспериментальной работы представляет собой систему упражнений, при составлении которых были учтены возможности учащихся. Система грамматических упражнений охватывает важнейшие и наиболее трудные для усвоения основные категории и формы английского глагола, включающие: категория времени, категория залога, категория наклонения, модальные глаголы, неличные формы глагола. Перед выполнением упражнений по основным грамматическим темам учителю рекомендуется обратить внимание учеников на соответствующие разделы грамматики с целью предварительного ознакомления с соответствующими грамматическими правилами. The Present Indefinite Tense
The Past Indefinite Tense
Exercise
1.
Memorize the following proverbs in which the Past Indefinite Tense is used. Point out the regular and irregular verbs giving there forms of the latter.
1. Care killed a cat. 2. The golden age was never the present age. 3. A little bird told me. 4. Since Adam was a boy. 5. When I lent I had a friend; when I asked he was unkind. 6 Almost never killed a fly. The Future Indefinite Tense
Exercise 2.Give English equivalents of the following proverbs and sayings with the Future Indefinite Tense from of the verb-predicate.
1. Копейка рубль бережет. 2. Дай ему палец, он и всю руку отхватит. 3. Природа своё возьмёт. 4. Посади свинью за стол, она и ноги на стол. 5.Кто украдёт иголку, украдёт кошелку. The continuous Tenses
Exercise 1. Memorize the following proverbs and sayings paying attention to the use of the Continuous Tenses. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. Know where one is going. 2. One’s left hand does not know what one’s right hand is doing. 3. Don’t cut the bough you are standing on. 4. He that has a long (great) nose thinks everybody is speaking of it. 5. The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping. 6. Fiddle while Rome is burning. 7. Fools (every fool) will be meddling. Exercise 2. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs and sayings, concentrating on the use of the Continuous Tenses. Use
ex. 1
as
a
key.
1. Черепаха выигрывает бег, пока заяц спит. 2. Не руби сук, на котором сидишь. 3. Левая рука не знает, что делает правая. 4. Пир во время чумы. 5. Дураки любят во всё вмешиваться. 6. Знать, чего хочешь. 7. На воре шапка горит. (тот, у кого большой нос, думает, что все говорят только об этом) The Perfect Tenses
Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Present Perfect Tense in the following proverbs and sayings. Memorize them. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. It is too late to lock the stable (door) after/when the horse has bolted. 2. When children stand quiet they have done something ill. 3. Don’t sell the bear’s skin before you have caught the bear. 4. Every oak has been an acorn. 5. Drink as you have brewed. 6. The cow knows not what her tail is worth until she has lost it. 7. The mountain has brought forth a mouse. 8. A thief passes for a gentleman when stealing has made him rich. 9. He knows best what good is that has endured evil. (Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.) 10. One has made one’s bed and one must lie on it. 11. We know not what is good until we have lost it. Exercise 2. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs and sayings. Take care to use the Perfect Tenses. Use ex. 1 as a key.
1. Если дети притихли, значит, они набедокурили. 2. Гора родила мышь. 3. Не убив медведя, шкуры не продавай. 4. Поздно запирать конюшню после того, как лошадь украли. (Задним умом крепок) 5. Много воды утекло с тех пор. 6. Вор сойдет за джентльмена, когда становится богатым. 7. Большое вырастает из малого. (Каждый дуб был когда-то желудем.) 8.Не отведав горького, не узнаешь и сладкого. 9.Вино погубило больше людей, чем море. 10. Как постелешь, так и поспишь. The Passive Voice
Exercise 1. Memorize the following proverbs with the passive form of the verb-predicate used in the A. Present, B. Past, C. Future Indefinite Tense.. Give their Russian equivalents.
A
1. The road to hell is paved with good intentions. 2. A man is known by the company he keeps. 3. Never ask pardon before you are accused. 4. What may be done at any time is done at no time. 5. Fire that’s closest kept burns most of all. 6. A little fire is quickly trodden out. 7. Advice when most needed is least heeded. 8. Marriages are made in heaven. 9. What is done cannot be undone. B 1. Rome as not built in a day. 2. Almost was never hanged. 3. Fingers were made before forks. 4. Acorns were good till bread was found. C 1. Youth will be served. 2. The fish will soon be caught that nibbles at every bait. 3. What may be done at any time will be done at no time. 4. Ask no questions and you will be told no lies. Exercise 3. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs. . Take care to use the Passive Voice.
1. Скрытый огонь сильнее горит. 2. легче погасить искру, чем пожар. 3. Когда светит солнце. Луны не видно. 4. Не сразу Москва строилась. 5. Жизнь состоит из мелочей. 6. Сделанного не воротишь. (Что с воза упало, то пропало) 7. Легко попадается та мышь, у которой только одна норка. (Не следует ставить все на одну карту) 8. Когда хлеба не было, то и желуди были хороши. (Все хорошо в свое время) 9. Браки совершаются на небесах, кому на роду написано. (Суженого и на коне не объедешь) Modal Verbs
CAN
Exercise 1.Note the use of the verb “can” in the following proverbs and sayings. Give their Russian equivalents. Comment on the meaning of the verb “can”.
1. Never put till tomorrow what you can do today. 2. A man can do no more than he can. 3. You cannot have both ways. 4. He cannot speak well that cannot hold his tongue. 5. Money can’t buy everything. 6. One cannot be in two places at once. 7. You cannot sell the cow and drink the milk. 8. You can’t eat your cake and have it. 9. You cannot get an omelet without breaking eggs. 10. Man cannot live by bread alone. Exercise 2. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs. . Take care to use the correct form of the modal verb “can”.
1. Не разгрызешь ореха, не съешь и ядра. 2. Никогда не откладывай на завтра то, что можно сделать сегодня. 3. Один пирог два раза не съешь. 4. Невозможно продать корову и пить ее молоко. (нельзя делать две взаимоисключающие вещи) 5. Не все продается, не все покупается. 6. Невозможно служить и нашим и вашим. (невозможно вести двойную игру) 7. Выше головы не прыгнешь. 8. Не хлебом единым жив человек. MAY
Exercise 2. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs. . Take care to use the correct form of the modal verb “may”.
1. Не говори «гоп», пока не перепрыгнешь. (Многое может случиться, пока поднесешь чашку к губам) 2. Гора с горой не сходится, а человек с человеком всегда сойдутся. 3. И мы не лыком шиты. (И кошке не возбраняется смотреть на короля) 4. Иной раз и дурак правду скажет. 5. Иногда бывает приятно вспомнить пережитую боль. MUST
1. The longest day must have an end. 2. Needs must. 3. The best friends must part. 4. A door must be either shut or open. 5. You must lose a fly to catch a trout. 6. Every oak must be an acorn. 7. Children and fools must not play with edged tools. 8. Everything must have a beginning. 9. If two man must ride on a horse, one must ride behind. 10.One must draw back in order to leap better. Exercise 2. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs. . Take care to use the correct form of the modal verb “must”.
1. Все имеет начало. 2. Детям и дуракам нельзя давать острые инструменты. 3. Когда двое едут на одной лошади, то одному всегда приходится сидеть позади. 4. И самые лучшие друзья расстаются. 5. Большое вырастает из малого. 6. Кто хочет преуспевать, должен пораньше вставать. SHALL
1. He who does not work neither shall he eat. (He that will not work shall not eat) 2. Man shall not live by bread alone. 3. At the game’s end we shall see who gains. 4. He who touches pitch shall be defiled. 5. As a tree falls so shall it lie. 6. We shall see what we shall see. 1. Куда дерево клонилось, туда и повалилось. 2. Не хлебом единым жив человек. 3. Кто не работает, тот не ест. 4. Еще посмотрим, чья возьмет. 5. Это мы еще посмотрим. SHOULD, OUGHT
1. Books and friends should be few but good. 2. Fools and bairns should not see half-done work. 3. Law-makers should not be law-breakers. 4. The cobbler should stick to his last. 5. Blind men should judge no colours. 6. He should have a long spoon that sups with the devil. 7. Those (people) who live in glass houses should not throw stones. 1. Слепой не может судить о красках. 2. Связался с чертом, пеняй на себя. (Когда садишься за стол с чертом, запасись ложкой подлиннее.) 3. Тот, кто издает законы, не должен нарушать их. 4. Не следует осуждать других тому, кто сам небезупречен. (Живущий в стеклянном доме не должен бросать в других камни) 5. Детям и дуракам не показывают незаконченной работы. WILL
WOULD
1. Без труда нет плода. 2. И хочется и колется. (Кошка хочет рыбку, а замочить лапки боится) 3. Успех дается трудом. 4. Любишь кататься, люби и саночки возить. (Любишь есть яйца, примирись с кудахтаньем кур) 5. Если хочешь подняться по лестнице, начинай снизу. NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB
THE INFINITIVE
Exercise1. Define the form of the infinitive in the following pro-verbs and sayings. Memorize them. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. Live not to eat, but eat to live. 2. Promises are like pie-crust, made to be broken. 3. You may lead a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 4. A lion may come to be beholden to a mouse. 5. It is love that makes the world go round. 6. Sometimes the best gain is to lose. 7. When guns speak it is too late to argue. 8. It is never too late to learn. 9. Live not to eat, but eat to live. 10.Each bird loves to hear himself sing. 11.Curses, like chickens, come home to roost. 12.To know everything is to know nothing. Exercise2.Translate the following proverbs and saying into English. Concentrate on the use of the appropriate infinitive.
1. Чего не ждешь, то и случается. 2. Когда пушки заговорили, уж спорить поздно. 3. Не дав слова - крепись, а дав слово – держись. 4. Учиться никогда не поздно. 5. Каждая птица любит слушать свое пение. 6. Знать все – значит не знать ничего. 7. Дружбу на ярмарке не купишь. Exercise3. Complete the following proverbs and saying by adding suitable infinitives or infinitival constructions.
1. Sometimes the best gain is … 2. When guns speak it is too late … 3. It takes two … 4. Live not to eat but eat … 5. You can lead the horse to the water but you cannot … 6. It is better to give than … 7. Don’t teach your grandmother … 8. Curses, like chickens, come home … 9. Each bird loves … 10.To know everything is … THE GERUND
Exercise1. Comment on the use of the gerund in the following proverbs and saying. Memorize them. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing him. 2. Saying and doing are two things. (Saying is one thing and doing another) 3. Seeing is believing. 4. Doing is better than saying. 5. A good tale is none the worth for being twice told. 6. Catching fish is not the whole of fishing. 7. A watched pot is long in boiling. 8. A crow is never the white for washing herself often. 9. Clean hands want no washing. 10. Between promising and performing a man may marry his daughter. Exercise2.Translate the following proverbs and saying into English. Concentrate on the use of the appropriate gerund.
1. Хорошие дела лучше хороших слов. 2. Работая, мы учимся. 3. Выбирая друга – не торопись, тем более не торопись менять его. 4. Легко ловить рыбку в мутной воде. 5. Кто над чайником стоит, у того он не кипит. (когда ждешь, время тянется медленно) 6. Обещанного три года ждут. 7. Черную душу мылом не отмоешь. Exercise3. Fill the blanks with suitable prepositions preceding the gerunds. Translate into Russian.
1. … doing nothing we learn to do it. 2. A good tale is none the worse … twice told. 3. …. Doing we learn. Exercise4. Complete the following proverbs and saying by adding suitable gerunds or gerundial phrases.
1. A good tale is none the worse for … 2. Be slow … a friend, slower … him. 3. Clean hands … THE PARTICIPLE
Exercise1. Point out participle I and participle II in the following proverbs. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. Stone pleasures are sweetest. 2. A watched pot never boils. 3. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 4. A growing youth has a wolf in his belly. 5. Let sleeping dogs lie. 1. Exercise2.Translate the following proverbs and saying into English. Concentrate on the use of the appropriate participle.
1. У грядущих событий есть предвестники. 2. Под лежачий камень вода не течет. 3. Не буди лихо, пока лихо спит. 4. Тот герой, кто беду одолел. Вашему вниманию предлагаю сборник из 23 фрагментов уроков и двух заключительных тестов, целью которого является помочь учителю активировать умения общения и обсуждения учеников при помощи мини текстов и заданий к ним, используя английский язык, как инструмент для решения тех или иных проблем коммуникативного характера. Фрагменты уроков
2. Lesson 1
1.
You cannot eat your cake and have it.
Нельзя
одновременно съесть лепешку и иметь ее (дословный
перевод
).
Один
пирог два раза не съешь (русская пословица).
Пословица в ситуации:
Make
a
choice
.
You mustn’t have two things. You must have one or the other, not both. Do you know the English proverb: ”You cannot eat your cake and have it."
2.
Custom is a second nature.
Привычка – вторая натура.
В данном случае дословный перевод совпадает с русской пословицей.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: A young woman wants her mother to move to town and live with her and her family. “If you live in town a bit longer, I’m sure you’ll like it.” “No, I’m afraid I shan’t get accustomed to town life. I like the woods and the river. Custom is a second nature, they say.”
3
. A
man can die but once.
Человек может умереть лишь один раз.
Двум смертям не бывать, а одной не миновать.
Пословица
в
ситуации
:
A father and his son were standing on the bank of a stream. The son jumped over it, but the father was afraid to. At last, murmuring, “A man can die but once,” the father jumped – and fell into the muddy water. But the young man quickly pulled him up onto the bank.
4
. A
cat in gloves catches no mice.
Кот в перчатках мышей не поймает.
Без труда не вытащишь и рыбки из пруда.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Mary wants her mother to make a nice cake, but she doesn’t want to go to the shop to buy eggs and butter. “A cat in gloves catches no mice. There’ll be no cake for you then,” says Mary’s mother.
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
The Farmer’s Treasure
A farmer who was very ill heard from the doctor that he had only a short time to live. He was not a rich man and had worked very hard all his life. But his sons were very lazy and did not like to work hard in the fields.
He called his sons to his bedside and said, “My sons, I shall die very soon and you will be alone on this farm. I leave a treasure, but you must find it yourselves in one of the fields.”
He did not say anything more and soon died. His sons wanted to find the treasure very much and though they were lazy they went to the fields to dig. They dug all over the fields, but they did not find any treasure there. They were very tired and angry at first but when they came to plant wheat, they found that their digging had made it much easier for them. The harvest was very rich and they sold it in the market and got a good sum of money. So now they understood what treasure their father had left them.
You cannot eat your cake and have it. Lesson
2 1.
Murder will out.
Убийство раскроется (дословный перевод).
Шила в мешке не утаишь (русская
пословица).
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “You know, Dad, when I was ten I didn’t like geography and often got bad marks at geography lessons. So I tried to hide my day-book with bad marks in it.” “Why, Fred, do you think I didn’t guess what you had done? Murder will out, after all.”
2.
If the cap fits, wear it.
Если шапка подходит, носи ее.
На воре шапка горит.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Don’t you speak to me in that manner!” said Mary. “Do you think I took your book and lost it?” “Well, if the cap fits, wear it,” answered Kate.
3
. Deeds, not words.
Нужны дела, а не слова.
О человеке судят по его делам.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Mother! What does the proverb ‘Deeds, not words’ mean?” “It means that a person is known and judged more by his actions than by what he says.”
4
. Every dog has his day.
У каждой собаки свой праздник бывает.
Будет и на нашей улице праздник.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “I’m lucky today, your turn will come later on. Tomorrow our positions may be reserved.” “Yes, every dog has his day and good fortune come once to all of us.”
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
The Poet and the Lady
A famous poet came on a visit to a lady who always said that she was fond of literature and especially of poetry. When they sat down to tea, the poet wondered whether she had received the little book of poems he had sent her. With a charming smile the lady said that poems were splendid and she would like to read some from book, but she could not remember where she had put it. Her little son was ready to answer, “Under the leg of the table, mama, to make it steady.”
Murder will out. Lesson
3 1. A
drowning man will catch a straw.
Утопающий за соломинку схватится
(дословный перевод)
.
Утопающий хватается за соломинку
(русская пословица)
.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “The young man will lose his sight, I am afraid, but still he and his parents hope when he gets stronger we shall be able to restore it”, said the doctor. “A drowning man will catch at a straw,” his friend remarked.
2. There is no smoke without fire.
Нет дыма без огня.
Дословный перевод совпадает с русской пословицей.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Who told you this? Mary? I can’t believe that Paul could let his friends down,” said Betty. “Believe it or not as you like, but there is no smoke without fire,” answered Mike.
3
. Pride goes before a fall.
Гордыня до добра не доводит.
Кто слишком высоко летает, тот низко падает.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Mary boasted that she would be a scientist, yet she couldn’t enter the institute. “Remember, pride goes before a fall,” her friend said to her.
4
. The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
Чтобы узнать, каков пудинг, надо его отведать.
Все проверяется на практике.
Обед узнают по кушанью, а ум по слушанью.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “I think that our young friend John is taking a big risk by starting up business of his own.” “It’s hard to say yet. He may make a success of it. After all the proof of the pudding is in the eating, isn’t it?”
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
The Vain Stag
One hot day a big stag who had a pair of very large antlers stood on the bank of a river. He was thirsty and went down to the water to drink. Suddenly he saw his reflection in the water. He was very pleased with what he saw. “Oh,” he said, “what a beautiful pair of antlers I’ve got! How fine my head is! How proud I look! Nobody has such beautiful antlers as I have. Perhaps some people will say that my antlers are too big, but I don’t think so. I like them very much.” And the vain stag looked again at his reflection in the water.
Suddenly he heard the dogs. Three hunters and their dogs came out of the forest. The stag ran across the field into the forest. He was already far from the dogs, but he caught his antlers in the branches of some low trees and could not go on.
The dogs run up to him and pulled him to the ground. Then the hunters came up and killed him. So his beautiful antlers, of which he had been so vain, were the cause of his death.
A drowning man will catch a straw. Lesson
4 1.
Neck or nothing.
Либо добьюсь, либо себе шею сверну (дословный перевод).
Либо пан, либо пропал
(русская
пословица).
Пословица
в
ситуации
: He trained very much for the competition. “It would be neck or nothing,” he said. He would break the school record in boxing and set a new one.
2. Cut your coat according to your cloth
.
Крои пальто в соответствии с материалом.
По одежке протягивай ножки.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The girl was poor and had to cut her coat according to her cloth.
3
. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
Не считай цыплят, пока они не вылупились.
Цыплят по осени считают.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched,” said Mary. “A coward’s proverb,” cried Mike gaily. “You lose half the fun, if you don’t.”
4
. Care killed the cat.
Забота убила кошку.
Заботы до добра не доводят
.
Не работа старит, а забота.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Come, come,” said Tom, “stop this talk.
Care killed the cat.”
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
An Ardent Fisherman
One of my friends told me once that his hobby was fishing. He became an ardent fisherman in his early boyhood. And now he always goes fishing during his summer holidays. He always dreams of the big catch he will make and how he will give half of it to his friends and the other half to his relatives. But very often he catches no fish at all.
Neck or nothing. Lesson
5 1.
Practise what you preach.
Поступай так, как проповедуешь (дословный перевод).
Слова не должны расходиться с делом
(русская
пословица).
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The moral of the proverb “Practise what you preach” is: behave in the same way as you advise others to behave. Do not recommend early rising if you yourself lie in bed till noon.
2.
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
Бесполезно лить слезы над пролитым молоком.
Слезами горю не поможешь.
Потерянного не воротишь.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: There was a long silence, then he said, “Well, I judge there’s no use crying over spilt milk.”
3
. The devil is not so black as he is painted.
Не так черен дьявол, как его рисуют.
Не так страшен черт, как его малюют.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: When Victor failed in the examination, life suddenly seemed very hard. But his father said that the devil was not so black as he was painted, and that Victor must try and take the examination again.
4
. To make a silk purse out of the sow’s ear.
Сделать шелковый кошелек из уха свиньи.
Сделать человека
.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The boy was coarse and had bad manners. But he was good at heart. It was quite possible to make a silk purse out of that sow’s ear.
А теперь прочитайте шутку и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
Will You Punish a Boy?
Tommy: Will you punish a boy for a thing that he did not do?
Teacher: No, Tommy, I shall not punish a boy for a thing he did not do.
Why do you ask?
Tommy: I ask because I did not do my homework.
Practise what you preach. Lesson
6 1.
Brevity is the soul of wit.
Краткость - душа ума (остроумия) (дословный перевод).
Краткость - сестра таланта
(русская
пословица).
Пословица
в
ситуации
: He always writes short letters, he believes that brevity is the soul of wit.
2.
No news is good news.
Отсутствие новостей - хорошая новость.
Лучшая новость - отсутствие всякой новости.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The doctor said, 'Then there’s no news at all; and no news, they say, is good news.'
3
. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
Не тревожь беду, пока беда сама не потревожит тебя.
Не кличь беду, сама придет.
Не буди лихa, пока лихо тихо.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: His heart felt heavy with the thought that something was about to happen. “Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you!’ said Mary angrily.
And at once he felt a little better.
4
. East or West, home is best.
Восток ли, запад ли, а дома лучше всего.
В гостях хорошо, а дома лучше
.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: She was standing on the same bridge talking to Bob, whom she had not seen for five years. Well, East or West, home is best! She was happy to be at home again.
А теперь прочитайте диалог и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
- Hallo, Jane!
- Hallo, Mike! So glad to see you!
- And I am glad to see you too. But you look so exited. What’s the matter?
- Tomorrow I’ll take my first exam. Naturally I can’t help feeling excited.
- What exam will it be?
- Literature. I am afraid I shan’t pass it. Then what shall I do?
- Nonsense! Don’t talk like that! Everything will be all right.
Brevity is the soul of wit. Lesson
7 1.
A
good beginning makes a good ending.
Хорошее начало обеспечивает хороший конец (дословный перевод).
Доброе начало полдела откачало
(русская
пословица).
Лиха беда начало.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The first time-period was over with the score 2:0. The coach was pleased with the result. A good beginning makes a good ending.
2.
Great boast, small roast.
Много похвальбы, да мало жареного.
Звону много, толку мало.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Mr. Green was not a modest person. He liked to boast his rich house, his pretty garden, his clever children and many other things.
Neighbors said about him: “Great boast, small roast.”
3
. Don’t cross a bridge till you come to it.
Не переходи моста, пока ты до него не добрался.
Наперед не загадывай.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Don’t worry about something before it has happened. Your fears may be groundless, for it may never happen. You mustn’t cross a bridge till you come to it.
4
. Bad news travels fast.
Плохая весть быстро передается.
Худые вести не лежат на месте
.
Плохая молва на крыльях летит.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The proverb “Bad news travels fast” means that bad news nearly always reaches us more quickly than good news.
А теперь прочитайте диалог и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
- I say, Mary, do you like Mark Twain’s books?
- It goes without saying. My favorite character is Tom Sawyer.
- I like him too, though sometimes he didn’t behave very well. And I think he liked to boast. He sometimes reminds me of the proverb ... ?
A good beginning makes a good ending. Lesson
8 1.
Scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours.
Почеши мне спину, тогда я твою почешу (дословный перевод).
Услуга за услугу
(русская
пословица).
Рука руку моет.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: My new friend helped me home with my luggage and I asked her to stay with me until I found her a room. You know the saying “Scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours.”
2.
The rotten apple injures its neighbours.
Гнилое яблоко портит соседние яблоки.
Паршивая овца все стадо портит.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Nick’s mother was strongly against her son’s friendship with Pete. She was afraid that it would tell upon her son, who was a good pupil. “A rotten apple injures its neighbours,” she often said to him.
3
. Hunger is the best sauce.
Голод - лучшая приправа.
Голод - лучший повар.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Oliver Twist and his little friends ate everything they were given.
Hunger is the best sauce, you know.
4
. Appetite comes with eating.
Аппетит приходит во время еды.
Дословный перевод совпад
ает с русской пословицей.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Appetite comes with eating,” my mother says always when I refuse to eat.
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
The Calf and the Cap
Lord S. was going along the village street one day when he met the son of one of his farmers. The boy was trying to lead an obstinate calf which was struggling very hard.
“Why don’t you take off your cap?” said Lord S.
“That I will, sir,” said the boy, “if you, Lordship, will hold my calf.”
Scratch my back and I'll scratch yours. Lesson 9
1. Appearances are deceitful
.
Наружность обманчива.
По наружности о человеке не судят
.
Дословный перевод совпадает с русской пословицей.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: He is not so quiet as he looks.
His appearance is deceitful.
2.
What is done cannot be undone.
Что сделано, того не переделаешь (дословный перевод).
Сделанного не воротишь.
Что с возу упало, то пропало
(русская
пословица).
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “I am afraid, sir, that you have ruined a great career.” ‘I suppose that is so,” he answered with a sigh.
“What is done cannot be undone.”
3. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Кушай по яблоку в день и врач не понадобится.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Of course, I eat an apple every morning. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
4. Catch the bear before you sell his skin.
Прежде поймай медведя, а потом продавай его шкуру.
Не убив медведя, шкуры не продавай.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Never sell the bear’s skin until you have killed the bear.
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
An Unpleasant Mistake
The train stopped at the border and the passengers were told to get their bags ready for examination by the customs officer. One of the passengers had bought many boxes of cigarettes, and they were in his bags. He knew the customs limits on cigarettes, and the number he had was far more than allowed. He was afraid that they would count how many boxes he had and would take half of them away from him. So he took some boxes out of his bags and put them into his pockets. But when all his pockets were filled, there were still many boxes left. Something had to be done. The passenger went out into the corridor and saw a man standing alone at the window. “Will you help me?” he said going up to the man.
“I’d be glad to ,” the man answered.
“Please, put these cigarettes into your pockets until the customs examination is over.”
“Why can’t the cigarettes be left in your bags?” the other man asked.
“Because I have too many. I am afraid they will take some of them.”
“All right,” the man said. “Give them to me. But I must tell you now that I won’t return them to you.”
“Why not?” the man asked in surprise.
“Because I am the customs officer,” was the answer.
Appearances are deceitful. Lesson 10
1.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
Всякое облако серебром оторочено (дословный перевод).
Нет худа без добра
(русская
пословица).
Пословица в ситуации: Don’t get upset.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
2.
First think, then speak.
Сперва подумай, потом говори.
Молвишь, не воротишь.
Слово не воробей, вылетит, не поймаешь.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: The favourite proverb of our teacher is “First think, then speak”. Sometimes he says: "To speak without thinking is to shoot without looking."
3
. One good turn deserves another.
Одна хорошая услуга заслуживает другую.
Долг платежом красен.
Услуга за услугу.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: He did me a good turn once, and I try to help him when I can.
One good turn deserves another.
4
. To tell tales out of school.
Разбалтывать (сплетничать) за стенами школы.
Выносить сор из избы
.
Пословица
в
ситуации
:
“He’s got into trouble.”
“Tell us about it.”
“I must not tell tales out of school.
” А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
The Lion and the Mouse
A lion was sleeping under a tree. Suddenly he heard a noise and opened his eyes. He saw a little mouse quite near his nose. He caught the mouse by the tail. The mouse was frightened and cried, “Oh, please, sir, let me go!”
“Why did you make so much noise?” said the lion angrily.
“I’m sorry. I was only looking for something to eat. Let me go. I’ll be able to help you some day.”
The lion laughed, but he let the mouse go; he was a kind lion. Now one day a young hunter was walking in the forest when he heard the lion’s roar. He called up the other hunters and they put up a net near the lion’s drinking place. When the lion was thirsty he went to the river. He did not see the net and was caught in it. He roared and struggled and struggled and roared, but the ropes held him and he could do nothing. At last he was tired and hungry and lay still. Suddenly he saw a mouse. The little animal was working on the net with her sharp teeth. Soon she cut the first rope, then another and another.
At last the lion was able to free himself.
“You laughed at me when I promised to help you,” said the mouse. “When I heard your roar I ran to help you, and now see what I have done for you.”
Every cloud has a silver lining. Lesson 11
1.
Two heads are better than one.
Две головы лучше одной (дословный перевод).
Ум хорошо, а два лучше
(русская
пословица).
Пословица
в
ситуации
: I want to know what you really think I should do. Two heads are better than one, you know, even mine is one of them.
2.
Still waters run deep.
Тихие воды имеют глубокое течение.
В тихой воде омуты глубоки.
В тихом омуте черти водятся.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: "I don’t understand the proverb ‘Still waters run deep’ quite clearly. Can you explain it to me?" "The proverb has the meaning that the fact that a man says little does not mean that he does not think profoundly, while those who talk the most have no depth of feeling."
3
. Don’t halloo till you are out of the wood.
Не радуйся, пока не выбрался из лесу.
Не говори «гоп», пока не перепрыгнешь.
Не радуйся раньше времени.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: Don’t halloo till you are out of wood. You had better wait for the results of the experiment instead of boasting that you have done something wonderful.
4
. Curiosity killed a cat.
Любопытство погубило кошку.
Любопытство до добра не доводит
.
Много будешь знать, скоро состаришься.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “I am sorry,” he said, “I know I shouldn’t have come.” “They say that curiosity killed the cat, but I never believed it when I was your age.”
А теперь прочитайте историю и скажите, какая из пословиц могла бы стать наиболее удачным окончанием.
The Tortoise and the Hare
In a forest near a river there lived a hare who was very proud of himself. Most of all he liked to talk about the way he could run. Of course, the other hares did not like him and refused to listen to him.
“I must stop boasting,” he thought, “then my friends will talk to me again.”
But he forgot all about his decision when he saw a tortoise. He looked at her shot legs and cried, “Oh, I’m so glad that I am not a tortoise!” he was going to run away when the tortoise called out to him, “If you can run so fast, let’s have a race.”
The hare began to laugh, “Have a race with you? I can get to the finish and back before you cross the starting line.”
The tortoise said, “Do you see that big tree over there? The finish will be at that tree.”
The tortoise was very clever and she wanted to teach the hare a lesson.
The hare ran off as fast as he could and the tortoise started slowly after him. The hare ran very fast and soon he was not far from the tree. He thought, “I shall wait for the tortoise here and when she comes near enough, I shall run to the finish and be the first.”
But the day was very hot and he soon fell asleep. Some time later he woke because he heard somebody laughing. He looked around and saw that the tortoise was nearly at the finish. The other hares were watching her and laughing. The proud hare got up and run as fast as he could, but the tortoise had already reached the tree. The other hares laughed and said to each other, “He boasted very much, but could not win a race against a tortoise, who is one of the slowest animals in the forest.”
Two heads are better than one. Lesson 12
1.
A
stitch in time saves nine.
Один стежок, сделанный вовремя, стоит девяти (дословный перевод).
Дело вовремя - не бремя
(русская
пословица).
Минутка час бережет.
Пословица
в
ситуации
: “Pete, what are you doing with your bicycle? It is quite new. You have bought it this year.”
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