Главная Учебники - Разные Лекции (разные) - часть 21
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Министерство образования России Волжская Государственная Инженерно-Педагогическая академия Кафедра иностранных языков Н.Х. Фролова, С.Е. Цветкова Youth challenges Проблемы молодежи учебно-методическое пособие для студентов
1 курса Нижний Новгород — 2003 ББК XX.X X-XX Youth challenges. Проблемы молодежи: Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов. — Н. Новгород: Волжская Государственная Инженерно-Педагогическая академия, 2003. —40 с. Фролова Н.Х. – к.п.н., доцент НФ ГУ– ВШЭ – составитель части 2. Цветкова С.Е.– ст. преподаватель ВГИПА – составитель части 1. Работа посвящена одной из основных тем обучения устной речи английского языка— проблемам молодежи: отношения поколений, ранние браки, проблема свободного времени, увлечение наркотиками, алкоголем и курением. В учебно-методическом пособии рассмотрены наиболее характерные вопросы и проблемы, с которыми молодым людям приходиться сталкиваться как в Великобритании, так и в России. Данное учебно-методическое пособие содержит тексты, диалоги и упражнения, предназначенный для студентов разного уровня владения английским языком. Представление языкового материала дифференцированно. В первой части для начального уровня, во второй – для более продвинутого уровня владения иностранным языком. Издание рассчитано на преподавателей и студентов высших образовательных учреждений, а также может быть полезно всем, кто интересуется вопросами и проблемами молодежи. Рецензенты: 1. Поляков В.М. – кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, Волжская государственная инженерно-педагогическая академия; 2. Емельяова Н.А. – кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, Нижегородский филиал Государственного университета – Высшая школа экономики. © Фролова Н.Х., Цветкова С.Е. 2003. © ВГИПА, 2003. 1. Part 1. 14 2. Part 2. 119 Литература 240 Part 1
Topic Public school 1. Vocabulary education oбразование elementary school среднее звено high school старшие классы to admit принимать admission зачисление compulsory обязательно term термин a tracking system дифференцируемая система ability способности major subjects специализированные предметы to major специализироваться humanities гуманитарные науки science естественные науки private частный state supported государственный 2. Text Education in the USA Peter Ivanov a Soviet exchange student is at Columbia University. He wants to know more about US public school education. Now he is having a talk with James Porges, an American student. Ivanov:
When do children start going to school in America? Porgies:
At the age of six. There are eight years of elementary school and four years of high school. Ivanov:
Does high school admit all children? Is admission automatic? Porgies:
Elementary schooling is. In most States students can leave school at the age of sixteen. Ivanov:
As for my country, high schooling is compulsory. Porgies:
That’s very good. I wish we had it too. Ivanov:
I came across the term a tracking system. What does it mean? Porgies:
It means that students are placed in-groups according to their ability in a specific subjects. Ivanov:
What subjects do students have during the four years high school programme? Porgies:
They have to study four or five major subjects a year. They may major either in the humanities or in science. They have classes in major subjects every day. Ivanov:
Do they have any other subjects? Porgies:
Yes, they usually have classes in physical education, music and art-several times a week. Ivanov:
I’ve read that there are private elementary and high schools in the country. Porgies:
Yes there are. More over their number has greatly increased. Ivanov:
Is there a difference between private and state supported schools? Porgies:
There’s a great difference. Private schools have better teachers, as the teacher salaries are higher there. Classes are not so numerous as in the State supported schools. 3. Reconstruct the text. Education in the USA Peter Ivanov a Soviet exchange student is at Columbia University. He wants to know more about US public school education. Now he is having a talk with James Porges, an American student. Ivanov:
When do children _____ going to _____ in America? Porgies:
At the age of six. There are ____ years of ______ school and _____ years of _____ school. Ivanov:
Does _____ school _____ all children? Is _______ automatic? Porgies:
________ schooling is. In most ______ students can _____ school at the _____ of sixteen. Ivanov:
As for my _____, high ______ is ______. Porgies:
That’s very ____. I wish we _____ it ____. Ivanov:
I came across the ____ a _____ system. What does it ____? Porgies:
It _____ that students are _____ in-groups according to their ____ in a specific ______. Ivanov:
What ____ do students have ____ the four years ___ school programme? Porgies:
They have to ___ four or five ___ subjects a ___. They may ___ either in the ____ or in ____. They have ____ in major _____ every ___. Ivanov:
Do they ___ any other _____? Porgies:
Yes, they usually have ____ in _____ education, music and __-several ____ a week. Ivanov:
I’ve read that there are ____ elementary and ___ schools in the _____. Porgies:
Yes there are. More ___ their _____ has greatly _____. Ivanov:
Is there a _____ between private and __________ schools? Porgies:
There’s a ___ difference. _____ schools have better ____, as the teacher ___ are higher there. Classes are not so ____ as in the State _____ schools. Do you know that…
1. Vocabulary to go to school ходить в школу at the age of… в возрасте … infant school школа для детей 5-7 лет the junior school начальная школа to take an examination сдавать экзамен to determine определять to fail in the exams провалиться на экзаменах non-grammar type школа для слаборазвитых college education the state primary school attendance посещение to last длиться, продолжаться lesson(s) занятия holidays каникулы preparatory school подготовительная школа free бесплатно to pay fees платить деньги a unified system единая система secondary education среднее образование technical school техническая школа a subject предмет advanced продвинутый Literature литература Mathematics математика Arithmetic арифметика Algebra алгебра Geometry геометрия Trigonometry тригонометрия History история European европейский Geography география natural science естественные науки ancient language античный язык Latin латинский язык Greek греческий French французский German немецкий Spanish испанский Italian итальянский commercial subjects коммерческие предметы type-writing печатание Shorthand стенография Book keeping бухгалтерия Accounting бухгалтерия Art искусство hand work ручной труд physical training физическая культура the General Certificate of Education аттестат зрелости the General Education общее образование standard =level уровень To gain an entrance to… добиться поступления To pass examinations сдавать экзамены Grammar school грамматическая школа Modern school современная школа 2. Text English children start going to school at the age of 5. Between the age of 5 and 7 children go to infant school and between the age of seven and eleven to junior school. Until recently all children at the age of 10 and 11 had to take an examination which determined their future. Those who failed in their 11 plus exams were considered to be “non- grammar types” and had to go to modern schools which means no college education. The state primary schools are free. Besides the state primary schools there are many private institutions. They don’t have a unified system of secondary education in Britain. Until some time ago they had modern schools, grammar schools and technical schools. There are big differences in the time devoted by each type of school to the same subjects. From primary schools children go to secondary schools: public schools or county schools. Public schools are private schools where the fees are very high. At every grammar school the places are free, to be won by boys and girls at the primary schools. The grammar schools are day schools and the hours of instructions are similar to those of primary schools, but the subjects are wider and more advanced: English (language and literature), mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and trigonometry), history (English and European), geography, natural science, ancient languages (Latin and Greek), modern languages (French, German, Spanish, Italian and Russian), commercial subjects (type-writing, shorthand, book-keeping and accounting), art, music, handwork and physical training. When boys and girls reach the age of sixteen they may sit for the General Certificate of Education, which shows that the holder has received a general education and has reached certain standards in the various subjects. There are, indeed three standards (or levels) ordinary (0- level), advanced (A- level) and scholarship. In order to gain an entrance to a university, a boy or a girl must pass examinations in five subjects of which English and another language must be two and which must include either mathematics or a science. He or she must pass at least two of these five subjects at the advanced level. 3. Questions to the text 1) At what age do English children start going to school? 2) At what age do they go to infant school? 3) At what age do they go to junior school? 4) What children were considered to be “non- grammar types” until recently? 5) What schools are free in Britain? 6) Are there many private institutions besides the state primary schools? 7) What types of schools are there in Great Britain? 8) What school do children go from primary school to? 9) What can you say about public schools? 10) Are places at grammar schools free? 11) What can you say about the hours of instruction of grammar schools? 12) What can you say about the subjects in grammar schools? 13) At what age may boys and girls sit for the General Certificate of Education? 14) What examinations must the student pass in order to gain an entrance to a university? 15) How many subjects must the student pass? 4. Summary English children start going to school at the age of…. Between the age of 5 and 7 children go to….School and between the age of 7 and 11 to…. School. Until recently all children at the age of 10 had to take an…. which determined their future. Those who failed in their 11- plus exams were considered to be “… types”. British state primary school is…. and attendance is….. Besides the state primary schools there are many…. Institutions, kindergartens and preparatory schools. These schools are not…. The parents pay… Topic
Panel talk (Part 1)
1. Vocabulary burning problems насущные проблемы drug addiction наркомания alcohol addiction алкоголизм AIDS СПИД a psychologist психолог a physician терапевт a psychiatrist психиатр vital жизненный ecological threat экологическая угроза ozone layer destruction разрушение озонового слоя drug eater наркоман alcoholic алкоголик an addict имеющий зависимость to degrade деградировать society общество to suffer страдать a teenager подросток abuse злоупотребление to ruin разрушать health здоровье insensibility раздражённость apathy апатия frustration расстройство, крушение human values человеческие ценности a crime преступление a suicide самоубийство social vice социальный порок be doomed быть обреченным an overdose передозировка to steal воровать to rob грабить the distortion of the eternal conceptions of right and wrong искажение вечных понятий хорошо и плохо low cultural standard низкий культурный уровень social injustice социальная несправедливость 2. Text Ведущий:
Today our panel looks on such burning problems as drug and alcohol addiction, AIDS and others. Let me introduce to you Mr. Smirnov, a psychologist. Mrs. Krasina, a school -teacher. You are welcome with your questions. Студент:
Do you really consider these problems so vital? It seems to me ecological threat and ozone layer destruction are much more important. It beats me why we talk so much about drug eaters and alcoholics. Just let them drink themselves to death – they deserve no better luck. It’s their own business after all. Учительница:
No doubt it is. But do remember that an addict is rapidly degrading and inevitably lost for society. His family is suffering. It’s a tragedy. The more so if the addict is a teenager. Психолог:
Can’t agree more. Drug and alcohol abuse are tragically destructive. They ruin youngster’s health, produce insensibility, apathy, frustration and what not! All human values lose their significance. It may leads to crimes and suicides. You see, it tends to be more of a social or individual problem. Учитель:
I fully share my colleges’ opinion. It breaks my heart to see normal young people turn into desperate good- for- nothing creatures. They are often doomed to die from an overdose or be killed in drug wars. Студент:
I wonder where they get the money to buy the stuff. Психиатр:
That’s quite to the point! They may steal or rob- which is also a social crime. They often indulge in various other intoxicants; pain killers, chemical goods… All these abominable mixtures are chewed, inhaled or smoked to produce a state of euphoria. It is nothing but hair- raising lunacy. Студент:
Why is the rate of drug addiction increasing? Психолог
: The causes are many and various. First comes the distortion of the eternal conceptions of right and wrong, low cultural standards, social injustice. The influence of such an environment is anything but beneficial. 3. Reconstruct the text. Ведущий:
Today our panel ____ on such ____ problems as drug and alcohol _____, AIDS and others. Let me _____ to you Mr. Smirnov, a _____. Mrs. Krasina, a _______. You are ____ with your ____. Студент:
Do you really _____ these ____ so ____? It seems to me ______ threat and ozone layer ______ are much more _____. It ____ me why we ___ so much about ___ eaters and _____. Just let them ____ themselves to ____ – they ____ no better ___. It’s their own _____ after all. Учительница:
No ____ it is. But do _____ that an ____ is rapidly ______ and inevitably lost for ____. His family is _____. It’s a _____. The more so if the ____ is a _____. Психолог:
Can’t ____ more. Drug and alcohol ____ are tragically _____. They ruin youngster’s _____, produce _____, apathy, _____ and what not! All human _____ lose their _____. It may leads to ____ and ____. You see, it ____ to be more of a ____ or individual ____. Учитель:
I fully ___ my colleges’ _____. It breaks my ____ to see normal young people ___ into desperate ______ creatures. They are often ____ to ___ from an overdose or be ___ in drug ___. Студент:
I wonder where they get the ___ to buy the ___. Психиатр:
That’s quite to the ____! They may ____ or rob- which is also a social ___. They often ____ in various other _____; pain killers, chemical goods… All these _____ mixtures are _____, inhaled or _____ to _____ a state of _____. It is nothing but hair- raising ____. Студент:
Why is the ___ of drug addiction _____? Психолог
: The ____ are many and _____. First comes the _____ of the eternal ______ of right and wrong, low cultural ______, social ____. The influence of such an ________ is anything but ____. 1. Vocabulary a gloomy prospect мрачная перспектива a barbarian варвар a moron идиот a warning предупреждение, предостережение be cautious быть осторожным to prevent предотвратить to enlighten просветить to fail in the duty не выполнять обязанности overindulgence чрезмерное потакание severity строгость strict supervision строгий надзор utter negligence полная небрежность drug user наркоман disease болезнь AIDS СПИД a syringe шприц a cure лечение scientific data научные данные to spread распространять through blood через кровь an infected mother инфицированная мать prophylactic prevention and treatment профилактическое мероприятие и лечение disposable одноразовое to test people for AIDS проводить анализы на СПИД Ст:
Do you mean to say that the future has nothing good in store for us? It turns out we have to face rather a gloomy prospect: the world of barbarians and morons if things are progressing (or people regressing in this way). Пс:
I’m sorry I didn’t really intend my words to produce such a nightmarish effect. It was rather a warning or a call to be cautious. It is your duty to prevent these ghostly things from spreading, to enlighten your pupils and their parents. Уч:
That brings me to what I was going to say. Parents fail in their duty that’s where the shoe pinches. It is their overindulgence and severity, strict supervision and utter negligence that throws the young in the abyss. Many teenagers develop various complexes, have psychiatric problems, and take to drugs or alcohol. Тер:
I might as well add there is one more side to the problem. Drug users belong to the so-called risk group, which means drug addiction is inseparably connected with another disease AIDS. They help spread AIDS through dirty syringes. Ст:
May I ask you a question? Why is AIDS called the plague of the twentieth century? Тер:
You see, it is a global epidemic. It spreads disastrously. No cure has been found as yet. More over, some people have developed the so called AIDS phobia. Ст:
How do people contact AIDS? Тер:
According to scientific data it spreads in three ways: through sexual contact, through blood, from an infected mother to her child. Ст:
And what about casual contacts? Are they dangerous? Тер:
No, they are not. AIDS is not believed to spread through every day’s ways: hand shake, mosquitoes, cats, sweat or saliva. Ст:
What should be and is being done to prevent the infection from spreading? Пс:
Association for combating AIDS has been founded in this country. Its main goals are to organise education, prophylactic prevention and treatment; to produce disposable equipment; to test people for AIDS and others. Уч:
But alongside with it each person should be cautious. It’s necessary to avoid casual love- affairs. Hygiene and marital fidelity may save you from getting infected. In plainer words, defence against AIDS depends on all of us taking responsibility for our actions. В:
Thank you for the participation in our talk. Our next meeting will be devoted to non- formal groups. 3. Reconstruct the text. Ст:
Do you mean to say that the ___ has nothing good in ___ for us? It turns out we have to ___ rather a gloomy ____: the world of barbarians and ____ if things are _____ (or people regressing in this way). Пс:
I’m sorry I didn’t really ____ my ___ to produce such a nightmarish ___. It was rather a ____ or a call to be ______. It is your duty to _____ these ghostly things from _____, to enlighten your ___ and their ____. Уч:
That brings me to what I was going to ___. ____ fail in their ____ that’s where the shoe ____. It is their overindulgence and ______, strict _____ and utter ______ that throws the ____ in the abyss. Many _____ develop various _____, have psychiatric _____, and take to drugs or ____. Тер:
I might as well ____ there is one more _____ to the _____. Drug users ___ to the so-called ___ group, which means drug ____ is inseparably ____ with another ____ AIDS. They help spread AIDS through dirty ____. Ст:
May I ask you a _____? Why is AIDS called the ___ of the twentieth ____? Тер
: You see, it is a global _____. It spreads _____. No ____ has been ____ as yet. More over, some people have _______ the so called AIDS ____. Тер:
According to scientific ___ it spreads in three ____: through sexual ____, through blood, from an infected ____ to her ___. Ст:
And what about ____ contacts? Are they _____? Тер:
No, they are not. AIDS is not believed to ____ through every day’s ____: hand ____, mosquitoes, cats, sweat or ____. Ст:
What should be and is being done to _____ the infection from ______? Пс:
Association for ______ AIDS has been _____ in this country. Its main ____ are to ____ education, prophylactic prevention and ______; to produce _____ equipment; to test people for AIDS and others. Уч:
But alongside with it each ____ should be _____. It’s necessary to avoid casual ___- affairs. Hygiene and marital _____ may save you from getting _____. In plainer ____, defence against AIDS _____ on all of us taking _____ for our actions. В:
Thank you for the _______ in our _____. Our next meeting will be _____ to non- formal ____. Topic
British Universities 1. Vocabulary state государственный a university университет independent government независимое управление to receive charters получать права (устав) status положение to define определять to grant degrees жаловать (присуждать) степени the form of examination форма экзамена the standards of knowledge нормы знаний (уровень) syllabus программа обучения to pass examinations сдать экзамены history история philosophy философия language язык literature литература social studies общественные науки commerce коммерция the first post graduate degree первая степень science наука faculty факультет post-graduate work to pay fees платить деньги (вносить плату) to award degrees присуждать степени to take degree courses проходить курсы polytechnics политехник college of Technology технический колледж to accept принимать to offer the lectures предлагать лекции to mark students work оценивать работу студентов local tutor местный руководитель (репетитор) to provide university level education обеспечить образование на университетском уровне 2. Text There are no state universities in Britain, each of the universities, of which there are 36 in England, one in Wales, eight in Scotland and two in Northern Ireland, has its own independent government. It is from the state, however, that they receive charters, which define their status and give them the power to grant degrees to students. Each university it self decides on what conditions it will grant degrees, but the form of examination and intelligence required for a first degree (Bachelor of Arts or Science etc) are about the same at all the universities. Each university has its own syllabuses and there are some quite important differences between one and another. The Bachelor’s degree is given to students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study (Bachelor of Arts for history, philosophy, language and literature and sometimes some social studies or technology, or Bachelor of Science, of Commerce or of Music). The first post-graduate degree is normally that of Master. In most universities it is only in the science faculties that large number of students stay to do post-graduate work. Oxford and Cambridge are unique in that, they give the Master of Arts degree automatically to any Bachelor who pays the necessary fees at any time after the seventh year from his first admission to the university. In addition to the forty seven universities which can award degrees, there is a body called the National Council for Academic Awards (NCAA), which gives degrees to students who have taken degree courses at Polytechnics or Colleges of Technology. Degrees are also now awarded by the “Open University”. This accepts adult students for spare-time study. It offers its lectures on television and radio, sets and marks students work by correspondence, has local tutors who see students at local technical colleges and has students in residence for short periods during holidays. It is an attempt to provide university level education for those who missed the boat during their school years. 3. Make up 12 special questions to the text. Youth in Crises 1. Vocabulary to take on the rights of adult hood получать права взрослых a teenager подросток Values ценности the media средства массовой информации to participate to участвовать to turn to crime обращаться к преступлению juvenile delinquents несовершенно летние преступники drug use употребление наркотиков to decrease уменьшаться alcohol abuse злоупотребление алкоголем to increase увеличиваться 2. Text At 18 years of age young people in the United States can take on the rights and the responsibilities of adulthood. American teenagers begin to be influenced by the values expressed by their friends, the media (newspaper, television, magazines, etc) and teachers. During this period of their lives young people also begin to participate to social activities such as sporting events and church group projects, as well to spend more time in the company of members of the opposite sex. Some young people turn to crime and become juvenile delinquents. Drug use has decreased among young people in the United States, though alcohol abuse has increased. Many young Americans are joining organizations to help teenagers stop drinking. In some schools, students have joined anti-drug programs. Young people with drug problems also can call special telephone numbers to ask for help. Another problem of American youth is pregnancy among young women. Many community programs help cut down on the numbers of teenage pregnancies. They offer health care, contraceptive-counseling programs, social activities. New programs to help troubled youth are created every year. For example the city of New York and the Rheedlen Foundation provide an after – school program at a junior high school to help keep teens from becoming juvenile delinquents. Young people can go after school and talk with peer counselors (people their own age), receive academic tutoring or take part in athletic and social activities. 3. Make up 12 special questions to the text. Part 2.
“Marriage is a very important step in a person’s life” The concept of a
happy marriage varies from individual to individual». A group of students and their teacher are involved into discussion of marital problems and factors contributing to marital success. It is not a formal “teacher-student” relationship, but simply an open exchange of ideas». Read the discussion and point out the problems they are talking over.
− I’d like to begin today’s talk by suggesting a starting point. What’s the basis of a happy marriage? − Oh, it is a bit unexpected. It sounds just fine. What on earth shall we talk about? − What with some students being married and others standing on the threshold of matrimony this seems a vital topic. There’s no denying the fact that we are greatly concerned with marital problems and behavior. − But let’s return to the subject. What makes a marriage happy? − Love. Mutual understanding. Financial security and self-reliance. Passionate attachment. − I rather think marriage involves living with person, not merely loving him. In my opinion comradely affection and companionship matter more in the long run then passion. − I don’t see, Mary, why you haven’t mentioned such important factors as cultural similarities and intellectual community. They are very important in choosing the right mate. Like should marry like. It stands to reason. People should have much in common to get along with one another. − I for one, think financial security is of primary importance for marital success. Of course, money does not automatically bring happiness, but a lack of money certainly causes stress in any relationship. − There is a lot to be said for money. But love comes first, I believe. In modern society people needn’t any longer marry for convenience. − Don’t they? It depends on what we understand by a marriage of convenience. If a person marries for such reasons as having children, emotional security, a home of his own, is it a marriage of convenience? If it is, I’m all for it. − I see what you mean, Kate. But let’s face it. Some people nowadays marry for the reasons of convenience and advantages to promote a career, to come into money or just to please their parents. − By the way,
parents may take a better choice than their children. They are wiser and may be better judges of character than young people. They know well what qualities are desirable in a spouse. − I’m sure neither a marriage of love nor a marriage of convenience is bound to be a success. Both kinds of marriage take work, patience and perhaps a bit of luck. Happy homes are so rare. − But what is wrong with marrying for love. I don’t think marriage is for everybody, I fell in love a dozen times and out of love as often. I don’t consider it a steady relationship. I’d rather stay a bachelor. − Poor George, you sound too pessimistic. That’s bad luck. Wait and see... − Let me have mу word. I believe marriage is what two people make it. The trouble with many modern couples is that they hurry into matrimony. Being madly in love with each other they don’t weigh all the factors important for a life-long union. They regard romance as the primary basis of a happy marriage. − That is true. Marriage is different from love. That is why young реople are so often disappointed. The ideal they fall in love with has so little to do with reality. − What really happens during the period of romance is an unconscious preoccupation of young people in a play of make-believe. The faults of their characters are not so obvious because they try to please their loved ones. If those faults sometimes do come into the open they are happily ignored, while the virtues are magnified and exaggerated out of all proportion. − You have explained it so well that it seems to leave no hope for young people in love. − I never meant to be so discouraging. You have a reasonable chance of matrimonial happiness if you know very well the person you are marrying, if you carefully weigh all the pros and cons and if you don’t expect marriage to be an everlasting honeymoon. − Oh, marriage is a hard job. Ex.1 Find the words and word combinations in the dialogue.
Начало (отправная точка), супружество, быть обеспокоенным, по моему мнению, вовлекать, не вызывает сомнений, дружеские отношения, жизненно важный, финансовая стабильность, страсть, духовное единение, первостепенная важность, недостаток денег, брак по расчету, брак по любви, по этим причинам, свой собственный дом, хорошо ладить, взвесить все «за» и «против», современные пары, непрекращающийся «медовый месяц», союз на всю жизнь, кстати, продвижение по службе, влюбиться, недостатки их характера, проигнорировать. Ex.2. Find the sentences in the dialogue
. Я полностью «за». Давайте признаем это. Давайте вернемся к предмету обсуждения. Это не выдерживает критики. Замужество это тяжелый труд. Тебе просто не повезло. Позвольте мне сказать свое слово. Идеал, в которого они влюбляются, не имеет ничего общего с реальностью. Замужество и любовь это разные вещи. Я лучше останусь холостяком. Я полагаю, что брак станет таким, каким его сделают двое. Я влюблялся сотни раз. Счастливые семьи — редкость. Find the masculine gender to the following words:
Feminine
Masculine
Wife
husband
Bride
Female
sister-in-law
Granddaughter
Cousin
Niece
girl friend
Stepmother
Ex.4 Comment on the situations.
1. You have fallen in love head over hills but your parents don’t approve your choice. 2. People say that you should keep your eyes wide open before marriage and quite close afterwards. 3. Marriage is like a lottery. 4. Young marriages are abnormal. 5. Marriages are made in Haven. 6. The main aim of marriage is recreation. Write down the composition on one of the topics giving above.
Interviewe
r Come in. Mr Bull
Ah, good afternoon. My name’s Bull... John Bull. I’m looking for a girlfriend. Interviewer
Please sit down, Mr Bull. May I ask you some questions? Mr Bull
Oh, yes.. . What about? Interviewer
Ah.. . Music, for example... do you like music? Mr Bull
Yes, I do. I like classical music. Interviewer
Do you like pop music? Mr Bull
No, I don’t... and I don’t like jazz. Interviewer
How old are you, Mr Bull? Mr Bull
What! I don’t like personal questions! Interviewer
Oh, well... can you complete this form later, and send by post! Ex. 1.
Make up the similar dialogues using the following material.
Surname:
Smith
Age
: 16
Occupation
: student
Food:
fruit, vegetables Drink:
milk, fruit juice Recreation:
dancing, swimming Music:
rock, jazz Dislikes
:
politics, television, football, dogs Date
:
12 July Ex. 2.
Make up the similar dialogues using the following material.
Surname:
Bull First Age
: 65 Occupation:
Farmer Likes
: Colours
: red, white and blue Food:
roastbeef, роrtatoes Drink:
beer, whiskey Recreation:
Fishing, chess. Music:
classical music
Dislikes
:
Pop
music, danсing, children. Date
:
29.08 2003 Ex. 3.
Make up the dialogues using the material about your group mates.
Surname: Name(s): Age: Occupation: Colours: Food: Drink: Recreation: Music: Dislikes:
Date
:
Signature: Tom
Well.... Tomorrow we’re going to leave this place! Fred
Yes. What are you going to do first? Tom
Hmm. . . first, I’m going to rent a big car, meet my girlfriend and take her to an expensive restaurant. We’re going to have steak and drink champagne. What about you, Fred? Fred
My wife’s going to meet me outside the prison. Then we’re going to have tea with her mother. Tom
With her mother! You’re joking! Fred
No, I’m not. I’m going to work for my wife’s mother. Tom
Really? You’re not going to work for your mother-in-law! Fred
Yes. She’s got a little cafe in London. Tom
What are you going to do there? Fred
I’m going to wash up. Tom
What! Wash up! I’m not going to work! I’m going to have a good time! Fred
You’re lucky.. . . I’m going to rob a bank next week. Tom
Why? Fred
Because I’m happy in prison! Charles
Please marry me, Fiona. I want you, I need you, I love you. Fiona
I’m sorry Charles, but I can’t. Charles
Oh, Fiona. Why not? Fiona
Well, Charles. I like you I like you a lot. ..but I don’t love you. Charles
But Fiona, love isn’t everything. Fiona
Oh, Charles, you don’t understand... for me . love is everything. Charles
Do you love another man Fiona? Fiona
Yes, Charles, I do ...James. Charles
Not James Milton! Fiona
Yes, James Milton. Charles
But he doesn’t want you. He’s engaged. Fiona
I know. Charles
But Fiona, James isn’t a rich man. I can give you everything. What do you want? Clothes? Money? Travel? A big house? Fiona
No, Charles. I don’t want those things. I only want James. Points for discussion
:
1.
What makes a happy marriage?
2.
Do you believe in everlasting love?
3.
What is true love?
4.
Why is the honeymoon the most precious reminiscence in the marriage life?
5.
What do you think of early marriages?
6.
Can a family life be happy without children?
7.
Do you approve homosexual marriages?
8.
Is the wedding party necessary, what do you think?
9.
Do you know many examples of perfect marriages?
10.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of growing up with several brothers and sisters in the family?
11.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of growing up as an only child?
12.
At what age should a person get married?
Do the quiz and count how many points you have got. Find the total and check the results.
ARE YOU READY TO GET MARRIED? 1. How old are you? e. 40+
a. 16-20 b. 21-25 c. 26-35 d. 35-40 2.
Who do you live with?
a. your parents b. on your own c. your partner 3.
What’s the longest relationship you’ve had so far?
a. three months or less b. three months to a year c. one to two years d. longer than that 4.
What do you think is the main reason most people marry?
a. to please their parents b. because they want children c. it’s a way of telling the world how they feel about each other d. so they can live together without social embarrassment
5.
How much do you like to be on your own?
a. most of the time b. a couple of hours a day c. very little 6.
How do you see yourself in your daydreams!
a. as a world famous star b. with a happy home life c. with a busy career and social life that takes you out and about 7.
How do you think marriage would improve your life?
a. it would stop you feeling depressed so often b. it would give you more confidence c. you’d have someone to help you with the housework d. there would be someone to look after you in your old age e. you’d be sharing a home with your best friend 8.
After a quarrel
with your partner, who usually says sorry first?
a. your partner b. you hardly ever quarrel , c. you 9.
If you suspected
your partner of having an affair, what would you do?
a. have one yourself b. think hard to find the reason c. ask your partner directly for the truth 10.
How should a couple behave at a party?
a. meet people together b. separate until it’s time to go home c. spend some time together and some apart 11.
When should a married couple have children?
a. within two years b. if the husband or wife wants them 12.
How important is it to be faithful
in marriage?
a. both partners should be free to do as they please b. it’s important for the wife but not for the husband •”
c.
both partners should be faithful to each other ANSWER KEY 1. l.a-0b-lc-2d-le-0 2. a-0 b-1 c-2 3. a-0 b-1 c-2 d-3 4. a-0 b-1 c-2 d-3 5. a-0 b-1 c-2 d-3 6. a-0 b-2 c-1 7. a-0 b-2 c-1 8. a-0 b-1 c-0 d-1 e-2 9. a-0 b-2 c-1 10. a-2 b-0 c-1 11. a-0 b-1 c-2 12. a-0 b-1 c-2 WHAT YOUR SCORE MEANS 20-26 What are you waiting for? With your loving nature, you will enjoy a satisfying relationship and make someone a perfect partner. 13-19 Marriage could work for you, but not with someone who thinks a couple should do everything together. Don’t decide to have children unless you’re certain you want to make the necessary sacrifices. 0-12 Being single suits you perfectly as you’re not ready to make a full commitment. It would make you feel trapped and resentful. Ex.1. There are 12 statements below. Read each one carefully and decide if you agree or disagree with it. Then write A (if you agree) or D (if you disagree) on the right.
1. For women, financial support is one of the most important reasons for getting married. 2. A husband should support the family. 2. Women should work outside the home and make a financial contribution to the family budget. 3. A husband should share his earnings fairly with his wife. 4. A husband should help very little in the home, if the wife stays at home. 5. If the wife works full-time, housework should be shared equally between both partners. 6. Women should spend more time than men with children. 7. Mothers shouldn’t go out to work while their children are small. 8. A husband should have the last word on big decisions. 9. A woman’s career is just as important as a man’s. 10. Both husbands and wives should be free to have interests and friends of their own. 11. Older children should help with the housework. 12. Parents should always respect the wishes of their children. Ex.2. Compare your answers with other students’ and discuss the reasons for your opinions.
Ex.3. Do the multiple choice.
1.................. people look back on 2......................... school with fond memories, but while they are going through the 3 ............................ they can’t wait for it to be over. One joke that students are very fond 4..................... repeating is that what they like 5 . ................ about school is the 6.......................... And what they look 7..................... to most of all is the end of the 8...................... and going on holiday. I think it would be unrealistic to expect much enthusiasm form children for math 9 . . . . . . .a Monday morning. Oddly enough I was quite fond of school at the time and I look back on most of my old teachers with 10 11 , I’m quite keen 12 my job and even enjoy the company of noisy children. 13 ....... there are some things I expect from my classes if we’re all to get on 14............................ The first thing I 15......................... them is that I won’t accept bullying or 16.................... towards 17.................. students. I hope I’m not too strict or 18.................... but I do want all members of the class to feel respected. 1 A the most B most C much D little 2 A the B a q
.
__
3 A exercise B experience C execution D expectation 4 A of B on C at D with 5 A good B better C the best D best 6 A intervals B breaks C interruptions D pauses 7 A toward B forward C to D for 8 A term B year C course D classes 9 A in B at C during D on 10 A affection B effect C affectation D efficiency 11 A Nevertheless B Moreover C Although D Despite that 12 A of B with C at ‘ D on 13 A In addition B Moreover C However D Therefore 14 A good B better C the best D well 15 A say B speak C tell D talk 16 A irrespect B disrespect C unrespect D inrespect 17 A other B another C the other D others 18 A out-of-date B up-to-date C modern D old-fashioned TEXT 1. Work or Family: There’s a Problem
When the XX-th century began most of American families shared one characteristic: the wife didn’t work outside the home. The only exceptions were black women. If a wife worked it meant that her husband was not able to support a family. By contrast to the beginning of the century, in the 1990s over 60% of women were in the work force. The transformation was relatively quick. The two major reasons for that were the Great Depression and the World War II — when most women just had to start working. They became electricians, machinists, carpenters, as well as lawyers, engineers, physicians and proved that they could do this sort of work not worse than men. As work for married women is now accepted and commonplace, the internal character of American families has greatly changed. Most women have to combine family and work outside the home. There is the so-called Super-mom — the woman who tries to juggle a career with a family. Others have come to the conclusion that the dual role can often cause them to be mediocre at both. So they’ve given up their career to stay home with children. Some view it as a temporary solution until their children start school. But even when at home, women pursue various interests. They participate in all kinds of organizations, e.g., English-teaching committees for the foreign-born, in fund-raising activities for the colleges they graduated from, the jog in the morning with friends, etc. All that gives them a feeling of achievement. The major worry for most is that if they decide to go back to work they’ll have problems with finding jobs. Many women say they continue reading in their fields so that they won’t fall behind. Others say that they communicate with their former colleagues to keep up with what is going on. Otherwise, they say, you feel that you’re “a bit out of touch.” Men haven’t easily accepted changes in the family pattern with working women. Sometimes they show anger and resentment. One Atlanta attorney says, “My wife has her own career as a lawyer and when I arrive home from a tough day, all I want to do is put my feet up and have a drink — the sort of thing a man always expects. Instead I have to help with the household or attend to my children. I frequently have to cut short my own working day in order to pick up our eighteen-month-old son from day care or to spend time with my older child. Often I’m also the one who is on call in case of illness, who prepares many of the meals, and who keeps the house clean.” On the one hand, a majority of men now believe that both sexes should enjoy equal employment opportunities, but on the other, most also believe that children may be harmed psychologically if their mothers work outside the home. This contradiction increasingly rules the Americans. Ex.1. Give opposites of the following words and word-combinations:
to fall behind —.................................. frequently —............................................ to change —........................................ working day —........................................ to harm —......................................... temporary job —...................................... Ex.2. Do the multiple choice.
Changes in British Family Most young people 1...................... get married, buy or 2......................... a house or a flat and start a family. However, a great many changes 3.......................... in this pattern of behavior. More and more people are living together without being married. People tend to get married 4 than they 5 6 ....... marriage is still popular even among those whose first marriage has failed. 7 trend is towards smaller 8 Very 9 children now grow up in large families and more and more adults are living alone. It’s unusual to find three 10........................ living in one house as they used to do in the past. It’s quite common for close 11........................... to live in different parts of the country and many people 12.................... their uncles, aunts and cousins. One reason for this is that British people move house every five years 13 They do this in order to change jobs or to buy a bigger and better house. 1 a) obviously b) amazingly c) eventually d) apparently 2 a) let b) rent c) borrow d) lend 3 a) take place b) take part c) are taking place d) are taking part 4 a) later b) of late c) lately d) late 5
a) did b) get used to c) used to d) have ever done 6
a) Besides b) Nevertheless c) Also d) Therefore 7
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