Ãëàâíàÿ Ó÷åáíèêè - Ðàçíûå Ëåêöèè (ðàçíûå) - ÷àñòü 32
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Ìèíèñòåðñòâî îáðàçîâàíèÿ è íàóêè Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí Êàðàãàíäèíñêèé Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Òåõíè÷åñêèé Óíèâåðñèòåò Êàôåäðà ____ÑÀÏÐ______ ÏÎßÑÍÈÒÅËÜÍÀß ÇÀÏÈÑÊÀ ê êóðñîâîé ðàáîòå Ïî äèñöèïëèíå: "Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ñèñòåì è êîìïëåêñîâ" Òåìà: "Àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííûé àíàëèç ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ íà ìèêðîóðîâíå" Ðóêîâîäèòåëü (ïîäïèñü) (äàòà) Ñòóäåíò (ïîäïèñü) (äàòà) 2009 Ñîäåðæàíèå Ââåäåíèå 1. Çàäàíèå 2. Ðàçðàáîòêà êîíöåïòóàëüíîé ìîäåëè è ðàñ÷åòíîé ñõåìû îáúåêòà àíàëèçà 3. Âûáîð ìåòîäà àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà îáúåêòà ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ 3.1 Ìåòîä êîíå÷íûõ ðàçíîñòåé 3.2 Ìåòîä êîíå÷íûõ ýëåìåíòîâ 4. Âûáîð è êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå ïðîãðàììíûõ è òåõíè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà 4.1 COSMOS 4.2 ANSYS 5. Ïîñòðîåíèå äèñêðåòíîé ìîäåëè îáúåêòà àíàëèçà è ïðîãðàììíîé ìîäåëè 6. Ïëàíèðîâàíèå ìàøèííûõ ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ è èõ ðåàëèçàöèÿ 7. Àíàëèç è èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ Çàêëþ÷åíèå Ñïèñîê èñïîëüçóåìîé ëèòåðàòóðû Ïðèëîæåíèÿ  äàííîì êóðñîâîì ïðîåêòå òðåáóåòñÿ ñïðîåêòèðîâàòü íàïðÿæåííî-äåôîðìèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå èññëåäóåìîãî îáúåêòà ïðè çàäàííûõ ãðàíè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ è óñòàíîâèòü çàâèñèìîñòè äëÿ íåãî îò ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ íà îñíîâå ìàøèííîãî ýêñïåðèìåíòà.  õîäå âûïîëíåíèÿ äàííîãî êóðñîâîãî ïðîåêòà íàì íåîáõîäèìî áóäåò ðàçðàáîòàòü êîíöåïòóàëüíóþ ìîäåëü îáúåêòà, ïîñòðîèòü ðàñ÷åòíóþ ñõåìó îáúåêòà ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ, ðàçðàáîòàòü ìîäåëü äëÿ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà, ñîçäàòü êîìàíäíûé ôàéë, ïîó÷èòü ðåãðåññèîííûå çàâèñèìîñòè èññëåäóåìûõ äàííûõ. Êðîìå òîãî, ïî óêàçàíèþ ïðåïîäàâàòåëÿ íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâåñòè êà÷åñòâåííóþ è êîëè÷åñòâåííóþ îöåíêè èññëåäóåìûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ìîäåëèðóåìîãî îáúåêòà äëÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ ñ ðåçóëüòàòàìè èìèòàöèîííîãî ýêñïåðèìåíòà. Ïîñëå ðÿäà ïðîãîíîâ ïîëó÷åííîé ìîäåëè íà ÏÝÂÌ è ïîëó÷åíèÿ ðåçóëüòàòîâ ìàøèííîãî ýêñïåðèìåíòà ñ òðåáóåìîé òî÷íîñòüþ íåîáõîäèìî áóäåò ïðîâåñòè èõ èíòåðïðåòàöèþ è àíàëèç â òåðìèíàõ îáúåêòà ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ, à çàòåì îôîðìèòü ïîÿñíèòåëüíóþ çàïèñêó è ãðàôè÷åñêóþ ÷àñòü êóðñîâîãî ïðîåêòà. Êîíöåïòóàëüíàÿ ìîäåëü íåîáõîäèìî áóäåò ïðîâåðèòü íà íåïðîòèâîðå÷èâîñòü è ïîëíîòó îïèñàíèÿ, äëÿ ÷åãî íàäî óáåäèòüñÿ, ÷òî çàäàíèå ñîäåðæèò âñþ íåîáõîäèìóþ êà÷åñòâåííóþ è êîëè÷åñòâåííóþ èíôîðìàöèþ îá îáúåêòå. Äàëåå ìîäåëü ïðîâåðÿþò íà îòñóòñòâèå íåôîðìàëèçîâàííûõ è íåðåàëèçóåìûõ îïèñàíèé, ñèòóàöèé, ñîîòíîøåíèé. Çàòåì íåîáõîäèìî ïðîâåñòè (ñîãëàñíî çàäàíèþ) êà÷åñòâåííóþ è êîëè÷åñòâåííóþ îöåíêè õàðàêòåðèñòèê ïðîöåññà ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ îáúåêòà. Èòîãîì êóðñîâîãî ïðîåêòà ÿâëÿåòñÿ òåõíè÷åñêàÿ äîêóìåíòàöèÿ â âèäå ðàçðàáîòàííûõ ñõåì è ïðîãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ îáúåêòà, ðåçóëüòàòû ìàøèííîãî ýêñïåðèìåíòà ñ ìîäåëüþ îáúåêòà, âêëþ÷àÿ âûâîäû è ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èõ èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ïðè èññëåäîâàíèè è ðàçðàáîòêå ðåàëüíîãî îáúåêòà, ïîÿñíèòåëüíàÿ çàïèñêà, ñîäåðæàùàÿ äîêóìåíòàöèþ ïî âûïîëíåíèþ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà îáúåêòà ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ. Òðåáóåòñÿ ñïðîåêòèðîâàòü íàïðÿæåííî-äåôîðìèðîâàííîå ñîñòîÿíèå èññëåäóåìîãî îáúåêòà ïðè çàäàííûõ ãðàíè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ è óñòàíîâèòü çàâèñèìîñòè äëÿ íåãî îò ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèõ ïàðàìåòðîâ íà îñíîâå ìàøèííîãî ýêñïåðèìåíòà. Ìàòåðèàë - ñòàëü; Ìîäóëü óïðóãîñòè E=200000 ÌÏà; Êîýôôèöèåíò Ïóàññîíà v=0,3. Öåëüþ äàííîãî ýòàïà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîñòðîåíèå êîíöåïòóàëüíîé (ñîäåðæàòåëüíîé) ìîäåëè ïðîöåññà ôóíêöèîíèðîâàíèÿ îáúåêòà ñ ïðîâåäåíèåì åãî ôîðìàëèçàöèè. Âíåøíèå âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà îáúåêò ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ âûðàæåíû â âèäå ñèëû íàãðóæåíèÿ 100 ÌÏà. Ñèëû ðàñïðåäåëåíû ðàâíîìåðíî. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàì íåîáõîäèìî ïîñòðîèòü ôèãóðó, èçîáðàæåííóþ íà ðèñóíêå 2.1 Ðèñóíîê 2.1 - Îáúåêò àíàëèçà Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ ôèçè÷åñêèõ, áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ è õèìè÷åñêèõ ÿâëåíèé ÷àñòî ïðèâîäèò ê ðåøåíèþ ëèíåéíûõ è íåëèíåéíûõ óðàâíåíèé èëè ñèñòåì óðàâíåíèé â ÷àñòíûõ ïðîèçâîäíûõ. Ñóùåñòâóþò òðàäèöèîííûå ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ñðåäñòâà, ïîçâîëÿþùèå ïîëó÷èòü ðåøåíèå â îïðåäåëåííûõ ñëó÷àÿõ, íî äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ êîíêðåòíûõ ïðîáëåì, âîçíèêàþùèõ â íàóêå è òåõíèêå, íåâîçìîæíî îáîéòèñü áåç èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ÷èñëåííûõ ìåòîäîâ. Ñ ðîñòîì ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè ÝÂÌ ÷èñëåííîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ïðèîáðåòàåò îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå, ò.ê ïîçâîëÿåò äîïîëíèòü èëè äàæå çàìåíèòü ïðÿìîé ýêñïåðèìåíò. Ïîñëåäíèé ÷àñòî äîðîã, åãî ïîñòàíîâêà áûâàåò òðóäîåìêîé èëè âîîáùå íåâîçìîæíîé.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñóùåñòâóåò ðÿä ðàçëè÷íûõ ìåòîäîâ àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà. Ñðåäè íèõ íàèáîëåå ïîïóëÿðíûìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ìåòîäû êîíå÷íûõ ýëåìåíòîâ è êîíå÷íûõ ðàçíîñòåé. Ìåòîä êîíå÷íûõ ðàçíîñòåé îòíîñèòñÿ ê ìåòîäàì ñåòîê è ñîäåðæèò òðè ýòàïà: 1 ýòàï - Äèñêðåòèçàöèÿ - íà äàííîì ýòàïå îáëàñòü ðåøåíèÿ ðàçáèâàåòñÿ íà ñåòêó, êàê ïðàâèëî, ðåãóëÿðíóþ, â äàëüíåéøåì â óçëàõ ñåòêè áóäóò îïðåäåëåíû óçëîâûå çíà÷åíèÿ èñêîìîé ôóíêöèè. 2 ýòàï - Àïïðîêñèìàöèÿ - çäåñü îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåõîä îò äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîãî îïåðàòîðà ê ðàçíîñòíîìó àíàëîãó. 3 ýòàï - Àëãåáðàèçàöèÿ - ïîäñòàíîâêà ðàçíîñòíûõ àíàëîãîâ äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ îïåðàòîðîâ â èñõîäíîå óðàâíåíèå è ïîëó÷åíèå ñèñòåìû àëãåáðàè÷åñêèõ óðàâíåíèé. Ýòîò ìåòîä â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ äîñòèã òàêîãî óðîâíÿ, ÷òî ìíîãèå ÷àñòî ñîìíåâàþòñÿ - ìîæåò ëè ïîÿâèòüñÿ ëó÷øèé ìåòîä. Äèàïàçîí ïðèìåíèìîñòè ÌÊÝ, èõ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü è ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ ëåãêîñòü ðåàëèçàöèè, äåëàþò èõ ñåðüåçíûìè ñîïåðíèêàìè äëÿ ëþáîãî ìåòîäà. Äîñòîèíñòâàìè ÌÊÝ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãèáêîñòü è ðàçíîîáðàçèå ñåòîê, ñòàíäàðòíûå ïðèåìû ïîñòðîåíèÿ äèñêðåòíûõ çàäà÷ äëÿ ïðîèçâîëüíûõ îáëàñòåé, ïðîñòîòà ó÷åòà åñòåñòâåííûõ êðàåâûõ óñëîâèé. Êðîìå òîãî, ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèé àíàëèç ÌÊÝ ÿâëÿåòñÿ áîëåå ïðîñòûì, åãî ìåòîäû ïðèìåíèìû ê áîëåå øèðîêîìó êëàññó çàäà÷, à îöåíêè ïîãðåøíîñòåé ïðèáëèæåííûõ ðåøåíèé ïîëó÷àþòñÿ ïðè ìåíåå æåñòêèõ îãðàíè÷åíèÿõ, ÷åì â ìåòîäå êîíå÷íûõ ðàçíîñòåé. Ñëàáîé ñòîðîíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ òî, ÷òî îí ïî èäåå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñõåìó äèñêðåòèçàöèè âñåãî òåëà, à ýòî íåèçáåæíî âåäåò ê áîëüøîìó êîëè÷åñòâó ÊÝ, îñîáåííî â òðåõìåðíûõ çàäà÷àõ ñ óäàëåííûìè ãðàíèöàìè, â ïðåäåëàõ êàæäîé èç êîòîðûõ íå âñå íåèçâåñòíûå ïåðåìåííûå èçìåíÿþòñÿ íåïðåðûâíî. ÌÊÝ â îáùåì ñëó÷àå ñîñòîèò èç òðåõ ýòàïîâ: Äèñêðåòèçàöèÿ - ôèçè÷åñêàÿ îáëàñòü ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷è ðàçáèâàåòñÿ íà íåêîòîðûå ïîäîáëàñòè èëè êîíå÷íûå ýëåìåíòû. Àïïðîêñèìàöèÿ - èñêîìàÿ ôóíêöèÿ àïïðîêñèìèðóåòñÿ ôóíêöèåé ñïåöèàëüíîãî âèäà íà êàæäîì êîíå÷íîì ýëåìåíòå. Êîýôôèöèåíòû àïïðîêñèìàöèè ñòàíîâÿòñÿ îñíîâíûìè íåèçâåñòíûìè â çàäà÷àõ. Àëãåáðàèçàöèÿ - ïîäñòàíîâêà àïïðîêñèìèðóþùèõ êîýôôèöèåíòîâ â îïðåäåëÿþùåå óðàâíåíèå ïîçâîëÿåò ïîëó÷èòü ñèñòåìó àëãåáðàè÷åñêèõ óðàâíåíèé îòíîñèòåëüíî óçëîâûõ çíà÷åíèé èñêîìîé ôóíêöèè. Ñðàâíèâàÿ ýòè äâà ìåòîäà ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî êàæäûé èç ìåòîäîâ èìååò ñâîè ïðåèìóùåñòâà. Íî ó ìåòîäà êîíå÷íûõ ðàçíîñòåé áîëüøå íåäîñòàòêîâ, íàïðèìåð, ñëîæíîñòü ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ â ñëó÷àå íåîäíîðîäíîé îáëàñòè ðåøåíèÿ, íàëè÷èå íåëèíåéíîñòåé. Îòñóòñòâèå ðåøåíèÿ ïðè íåäîñòàòî÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ äàþò ïðàâî èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè ïîñòàâëåííîé çàäà÷è ÌÊÝ. ÌÊÝ, â öåëÿõ óïðîùåíèÿ ðàñ÷åòà çàäà÷è, ìîæåò áûòü ðåàëèçîâàí ïî ñðåäñòâàì ïðîãðàììû ANSYS.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñóùåñòâóåò øèðîêèé ðÿä ñèñòåì èíæåíåðíûõ ðàñ÷åòîâ.  äàííîì êóðñîâîì ïðîåêòå äëÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ áûëè âûáðàíû äâå ïðîãðàììû - ANSYS è COSMOS. COSMOS ñî÷åòàåò íàäåæíîñòü, òî÷íîñòü è áûñòðîòó ðàñ÷åòîâ ñ ïðîñòîòîé èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ, à íàëè÷èå øèðîêèõ ðàñ÷åòíûõ âîçìîæíîñòåé - ñ äîñòóïíîñòüþ (öåíà ñèñòåìû íåâûñîêà äëÿ ïðîäóêòà òàêîãî êëàññà). COSMOS ñîðèåíòèðîâàí íà ðåøåíèå çàäà÷è ñêâîçíîé àâòîìàòèçàöèè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ, ïîçâîëÿÿ èíòåãðèðîâàòü ðàñ÷åòíûé àíàëèç â åäèíóþ ïðîãðàììíóþ ñèñòåìó. COSMOS èìååò ðÿä ïðåèìóùåñòâ: Èíòåðôåéñ ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ - ïîçâîëÿåò áûñòðî îñâàèâàòü òåõíîëîãèþ ðàñ÷åòîâ. Ñèñòåìà êîìàíä åñòåñòâåííî îòðàæàåò ñòàäèè ðàñ÷åòíîãî àíàëèçà. Âîçìîæíîñòü óãëóáëåííîãî àíàëèçà ïî ìåðå îñâîåíèÿ ñèñòåìû. Ïðîñòåéøèå ðàñ÷åòû äîñòóïíû ñ ïåðâîãî æå ñåàíñà ðàáîòû. Îïåðàòèâíûå ñðåäñòâà ãðàôè÷åñêîãî îòîáðàæåíèÿ èñõîäíûõ äàííûõ è ïîëó÷åííûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå âîçìîæíî êàê âíóòðåííèìè ñðåäñòâàìè ñèñòåìû, òàê è íà îñíîâå äàííûõ, èìïîðòèðóåìûõ èç ïîïóëÿðíûõ ïàêåòîâ ìîäåëèðîâàíèÿ. Ìîäóëüíîå ñòðîåíèå ñïîñîáñòâóåò ôîðìèðîâàíèþ ñèñòåìû â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïîòðåáíîñòåé è ôèíàíñîâûõ âîçìîæíîñòåé ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ. Ñðåäñòâà àâòîìàòèçàöèè ïîäãîòîâêè ðàñ÷åòîâ ïîçâîëÿþò ïðîâîäèòü îöåíî÷íûå ðàñ÷åòû ïðîåêòèðîâùèêàì, íå èìåþùèì ãëóáîêîé ïîäãîòîâêè: àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîñòðîåíèå ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûõ ñåòîê êîíå÷íûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ñ èçìåëü÷åíèåì åå â ìåñòàõ êîíöåíòðàöèè íàïðÿæåíèé, íàëè÷èå ìîäóëÿ îïòèìèçàöèè êîíñòðóêöèé. FFE-ìåòîäû ñêîðîñòíîãî ðàñ÷åòà ñîêðàùàþò âðåìÿ ðàñ÷åòà â äåñÿòêè ðàç, ïðè ýòîì èñïîëüçîâàíèå ñèñòåìíûõ ðåñóðñîâ (îïåðàòèâíàÿ ïàìÿòü, äèñêîâîå ïðîñòðàíñòâî) óìåíüøàåòñÿ íà ïîðÿäîê. Ïîâûøåíèå ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè ðàñ÷åòîâ ïðè ýòîì êà÷åñòâåííî èçìåíÿåò ïîäõîä ê èñïîëüçîâàíèþ COSMOS: â ðåçóëüòàòå îòáðàñûâàåòñÿ íåîáõîäèìîñòü óïðîùåíèÿ ñëîæíûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûõ ìîäåëåé, à ýòî óæå - çíà÷èòåëüíûé ñêà÷îê â ïðîèçâîäèòåëüíîñòè è îïåðàòèâíîñòè ïðîöåññà êîíñòðóêòîðñêîé äîâîäêè. Ôóíêöèîíàëüíûå âîçìîæíîñòè: Îïðåäåëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ íàïðÿæåííî-äåôîðìèðîâàííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ Òåïëîâûå ðàñ÷åòû Äèíàìèêà Ôèçè÷åñêàÿ è ãåîìåòðè÷åñêàÿ íåëèíåéíîñòü Ëàìèíàðíûå è òóðáóëåíòíûå ïîòîêè Ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíûå ðàñ÷åòû Îïòèìèçàöèÿ êîíñòðóêöèé Áèáëèîòåêà ìàòåðèàëîâ Ïîäãîòîâêà äàííûõ äëÿ äðóãèõ ïðîãðàìì ÌÊÝ Ìíîãîöåëåâîé êîíå÷íî-ýëåìåíòíûé ïàêåò äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ àíàëèçà â øèðîêîì êðóãå èíæåíåðíûõ çàäà÷. Îñîáåííîñòüþ ïðîãðàììû ÿâëÿåòñÿ ôàéëîâàÿ ñîâìåñòèìîñòü âñåõ ÷ëåíîâ ñåìåéñòâà ANSYS äëÿ âñåõ èñïîëüçóåìûõ ïëàòôîðì. Ìíîãîöåëåâàÿ íàïðàâëåííîñòü ïðîãðàììû ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü îäíó è òó æå ìîäåëü äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ òàêèõ ñâÿçàííûõ çàäà÷, êàê ïðî÷íîñòü ïðè òåïëîâîì íàãðóæåíèè, âëèÿíèå ìàãíèòíûõ ïîëåé íà ïðî÷íîñòü êîíñòðóêöèè, òåïëîìàññîïåðåíîñ â ýëåêòðîìàãíèòíîì ïîëå. Âíóòðåííèé ÿçûê ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ APDL ïîçâîëÿåò ïðîãðàììèðîâàòü ëþáûå ïðîöåäóðû, ïàðàìåòðèçîâàòü ïîñòðîåíèå ìîäåëè, ðàñ÷åò è âûâîä ðåçóëüòàòîâ. ANSYS ïîçâîëÿåò ïîäêëþ÷àòü ïîëüçîâàòåëüñêèå ìîäåëè, íàïèñàííûå íà FORTRAN, C++. Ïðîãðàììà ANSYS îáëàäàåò ìíîãèìè âîçìîæíîñòÿìè êîíå÷íî-ýëåìåíòíîãî àíàëèçà - îò ïðîñòîãî ëèíåéíîãî ñòàòè÷åñêîãî äî ñëîæíîãî íåëèíåéíîãî äèíàìè÷åñêîãî (íåñòàöèîíàðíîãî). Ïðîöåäóðà òèïîâîãî ðàñ÷åòà ìîæåò áûòü ðàçäåëåíà íà òðè îñíîâíûõ ýòàïà: Ïîñòðîåíèå ìîäåëè. Ïðèëîæåíèå íàãðóçîê (âêëþ÷àÿ è ãðàíè÷íûå óñëîâèÿ) è ïîëó÷åíèå ðåøåíèÿ. Ïðîñìîòð è àíàëèç ðåçóëüòàòîâ. Ïîñòðîåíèå ìîäåëè (Preprocessor) Ýòîò ýòàï âêëþ÷àåò îïðåäåëåíèå òèïîâ êîíå÷íûõ ýëåìåíòîâ, èõ êîíñòàíò, ñâîéñòâ ìàòåðèàëà è ãåîìåòðèè ìîäåëè. Çàäàíèå òèïîâ ýëåìåíòîâ (ElementType) Áèáëèîòåêà êîíå÷íûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïðîãðàììû ANSYS ñîäåðæèò áîëåå 100 òèïîâ, êàæäûé èç êîòîðûõ îïðåäåëÿåò, ñðåäè ïðî÷åãî, ïðèìåíèìîñòü ýëåìåíòà ê òîé îáëàñòè ðàñ÷åòîâ (ïðî÷íîñòíîé, òåïëîâîé, ìàãíèòíûé è ýëåêòðè÷åñêèé àíàëèç, äâèæåíèå æèäêîñòè èëè ñâÿçàííûå çàäà÷è), õàðàêòåðíóþ ôîðìó ýëåìåíòà (ëèíåéíóþ, ïëîñêóþ, â âèäå áðóñêà è ò.ä.), à òàêæå äâóìåðíîñòü è òðåõìåðíîñòü ýëåìåíòà êàê ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîãî òåëà. Çàäàíèå êîíñòàíò ýëåìåíòîâ (RealConstants) Êîíñòàíòû ýëåìåíòà - ýòî ñâîéñòâà ñïåöèôè÷åñêèå äëÿ äàííîãî òèïà ýëåìåíòà, òàêèå êàê ïàðàìåòðû ïîïåðå÷íîãî ñå÷åíèÿ áàëî÷íîãî ýëåìåíòà. Çàäàíèå ñâîéñòâ ìàòåðèàëîâ (MaterialProps) Ñâîéñòâà ìàòåðèàëà òðåáóþòñÿ äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà òèïîâ ýëåìåíòîâ.  çàâèñèìîñòè îò îáëàñòè ïðèëîæåíèÿ ñâîéñòâà ìîãóò áûòü ëèíåéíûìè, íåëèíåéíûìè è\èëè àíèçîòðîïíûìè. Ñîçäàíèå ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè (-Modeling-) Îñíîâíîé öåëüþ íà ýòàïå ðàçðàáîòêè ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîé ìîäåëè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñîçäàíèå àäåêâàòíîé êîíå÷íî-ýëåìåíòíîé ìîäåëè, ñîñòîÿùåé èç óçëîâ è ýëåìåíòîâ. Ïðè ñîçäàíèè êîíå÷íî-ýëåìåíòíîé ìîäåëè èñïîëüçóþòñÿ òðè ìåòîäà: òâåðäîòåëüíîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, êàðêàñíîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå è ïðÿìàÿ ãåíåðàöèÿ ñåòêè. Çàäàíèå íàãðóçîê è ïîëó÷åíèå ðåøåíèÿ (Solution) Íà ýòîì ýòàïå âûáèðàåòñÿ òèï àíàëèçà è óñòàíîâëåíèå åãî îïöèé, ïðèêëàäûâàþòñÿ íàãðóçêè, îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ îïöèè äëÿ âûáîðà øàãà ïî íàãðóçêå è èíèöèèðóåòñÿ ðåøåíèå. Ïðèëîæåíèå íàãðóçîê (-Loads-) Ïîä íàãðóçêàìè ïîíèìàþòñÿ êàê âíåøíèå è âíóòðåííèå óñèëèÿ, òàê è ãðàíè÷íûå óñëîâèÿ â âèäå îãðàíè÷åíèé íà ïåðåìåùåíèÿ.  ïðîãðàììå ANSYS íàãðóçêè ðàçäåëåíû íà 6 êàòåãîðèé: îãðàíè÷åíèÿ ñòåïåíè ñâîáîäû; ñèëû; ïîâåðõíîñòíûå íàãðóçêè; îáúåìíûå ñèëû; èíåðöèîííûå íàãðóçêè; íàãðóçêè äëÿ ñâÿçíûõ çàäà÷. Áîëüøèíñòâî ýòèõ íàãðóçîê ìîæåò áûòü ïðèëîæåíî èëè ê òâåðäîòåëüíîé ìîäåëè, èëè ê êîíå÷íî-ýëåìåíòíîé ìîäåëè. Çàïóñê íà ñ÷åò Ïî êîìàíäå SOLVE ïðîãðàììà îáðàùàåòñÿ çà èíôîðìàöèåé î ìîäåëè è íàãðóçêàõ ê áàçå äàííûõ è âûïîëíÿåò âû÷èñëåíèÿ. Ðåçóëüòàòû çàïèñûâàþòñÿ â ñïåöèàëüíûé ôàéë è áàçó äàííûõ. Ïðè ýòîì â áàçå äàííûõ ìîæåò õðàíèòüñÿ òîëüêî îäèí íàáîð ðåçóëüòàòîâ, òîãäà êàê â ôàéë ìîãóò áûòü çàïèñàíû ðåçóëüòàòû äëÿ âñåõ øàãîâ ðåøåíèÿ. Ïðîñìîòð ðåçóëüòàòîâ Ïîñòïðîöåññîð ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ âèçóàëèçàöèè ðåçóëüòàòîâ çàäà÷è. Ïðè ýòîì êàê ïðàâèëî èñïîëüçóþò: Íàëîæåíèå äåôîðìèðîâàííîé ñåòêè íà íåäåôîðìèðîâàííóþ. Ïîñòðîåíèå ýïþð (ïåðåìåùåíèé, íàïðÿæåíèé è äåôîðìàöèé) äëÿ çàäàííîé îáëàñòè ðåøåíèé.  ïðîãðàììå ANSYS äîñòóïíû ñëåäóþùèå âèäû ïðî÷íîñòíîãî àíàëèçà: Ñòàòè÷åñêèé àíàëèç - âû÷èñëåíèå ïåðåìåùåíèé, íàïðÿæåíèé è ò.ä. â óñëîâèÿõ ñòàòè÷åñêîãî íàãðóæåíèÿ; Ìîäàëüíûé àíàëèç - îïðåäåëåíèå ñîáñòâåííûõ ÷àñòîò è ôîðì êîëåáàíèé; Ãàðìîíè÷åñêèé àíàëèç - îïðåäåëåíèå îòêëèêà êîíñòðóêöèè íà ãàðìîíè÷åñêèå ñîñòàâëÿþùèå âîçìóùàþùåé íàãðóçêè; Äèíàìè÷åñêèé àíàëèç - îïðåäåëåíèå îòêëèêà êîíñòðóêöèè íà äåéñòâèå ïðîèçâîëüíîé íàãðóçêè êàê ôóíêöèè âðåìåíè; Ñïåêòðàëüíûé àíàëèç - ðàñøèðåíèå ìîäàëüíîãî àíàëèçà äëÿ âû÷èñëåíèÿ íàïðÿæåíèé è äåôîðìàöèé ïðè äåéñòâèè ñïåêòðà ÷àñòîò èëè ñëó÷àéíîé âèáðàöèè; Àíàëèç óñòîé÷èâîñòè - ðàñ÷åò êðèòè÷åñêèõ íàãðóçîê è îïðåäåëåíèå ôîðì ïîòåðè óñòîé÷èâîñòè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñðàâíèâàÿ äâå ïðîãðàììû, ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâà è íåäîñòàòêè êàæäîé äëÿ äàííîãî êóðñîâîãî ïðîåêòà áûë âûáðàí ïðîãðàììíûé ïàêåò ANSYS. Ïðåæäå âñåãî, íåîáõîäèìî ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàòü ñâîþ äåòàëü. Åñëè, âûäàííàÿ â êà÷åñòâå çàäàíèÿ, äåòàëü ñèììåòðè÷íà, òî ñëåäóåò ñòðîèòü òîëüêî îäíó ÷àñòü äåòàëè.  äàííîé ðàáîòå ìû ïîñòðîèì òîëüêî ÷åòâåðòü äåòàëè (Ðèñóíîê 5.1), òàê êàê äåòàëü ìîæíî ðàçáèòü íà 4 îäèíàêîâûå ÷àñòè. Ðèñóíîê 5.1 - Âèä ÷åòâåðòè äåòàëè  äàííîé çàäà÷å ïàðàìåòðè÷åñêè çàäàííûìè (òî åñòü èõ ìîæíî áóäåò ìåíÿòü â ïðîãðàììå) áóäóò ñëåäóþùèå ïàðàìåòðû: r, R, h (ðèñóíîê 5.2). r- âíóòðåííèé ðàäèóñ ñêâîçíîãî îòâåðñòèÿ; R- ðàäèóñ âíóòðåííåé âûåìêè; h- âûñîòà âíóòðåííåé âûåìêè; Íàãðóçêó ïðèëîæèì íà îáëàñòü S (ñì. ðèñóíîê 5.3). Ðèñóíîê 5.3 - Âèä îáëàñòè ñ íàãðóçêîé Ïîñëå ðåøåíèÿ âûøå èçëîæåííûõ âîïðîñîâ ìîæíî ïåðåõîäèòü ê ïîñòðîåíèþ. Çàïóñê ïðîãðàììû ANSYS 1. Ïåðâè÷íûé çàïóñê (çàïóñêàåì ïåðâûé ðàç çà ñåàíñ ðàáîòû) Ïóñê>Ïðîãðàììû>ANSYSED55>Interactive.  ïîëå WorkingDirectory ââåñòè ñâîþ ðàáî÷óþ äèðåêòîðèþ (èìÿ äèðåêòîðèè è âñå ïóòè ê íåé äîëæíû áûòü íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå). Íàïðèìåð: Ñ: \BASKET\PLATE Äàëåå íàæàòü RUN 2. Ïîñëåäóþùèå çàïóñêè. Ïóñê>Ïðîãðàììû>ANSYSED55>RunInteractiveNow Ïðèìå÷àíèå: â ñêîáêàõ áóäóò óêàçàíû êîìàíäû â áëîêíîòå, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå êîìàíäàì â ïðîãðàììå ANSYS. 1. Îïðåäåëåíèå èìåíè ôàéëà Âåðõíåå ìåíþ File>ChangeJobname … Ââåñòè èìÿ ôàéëà (íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå) OK (/FILNAM, <èìÿ ôàéëà>) 2. Îïðåäåëåíèå çàãîëîâêà çàäà÷è Âåðõíåå ìåíþ File>Change Title … Ââåñòè çàãîëîâîê çàäà÷è (íà àíãë) OK (/TITLE, <çàãîëîâîê>) 3. Âõîä â ïðåïðîöåññîð Âûáðàòü ïóíêò Preprocessor ãëàâíîãî ìåíþ (/PREP7) 4. Çàäàíèå òèïà ýëåìåíòà Main Menu >Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete Âûáðàòü Add… Solid10node 92 Close (ET,1,92) 5. Çàäàíèå ñâîéñòâ ìàòåðèàëà Main Menu>Preprocessor>Material Props>Polynomial EX - ìîäóëü óïðóãîñòè - ââåñòè 200000 (MP,EX,1, 200000) NUXY - êîýôôèöèåíò Ïóàññîíà - ââåñòè 0.3 (MP,NUXY,1,0.3) 6. Çàäàíèå áàçîâûõ ðàçìåðîâ (r=6) (R=13) (c=6) 7. Ïîñòðîåíèå êîíòðîëüíûõ òî÷åê (ðèñóíîê 5.4): Main menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Keypoints>In Active Cs (k,1,0,0,0! çàäàíèå òî÷åê äëÿ îñíîâàíèÿ k,2,60,0,0 k,3,60,-50,0 k,4,15,-50,0 k,5,15,-40,0 k,6,0,-40,0) Ðèñóíîê 5.4 - Çàäàíèå êîíòðîëüíûõ òî÷åê 8. Ïîñòðîåíèå ëèíèé ÷åðåç êîíòðîëüíûå ëèíèè (ðèñóíîê 5.5): Main menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Lines>Lines>In Active Coord (L,1,2! çàäàíèå ëèíèé äëÿ îñíîâàíèÿ L,2,3 L,3,4 L,4,5 L,5,6 L,6,1) Ðèñóíîê 5.5 - Ïîñòðîåíèå ëèíèé 9. Îáúåäèíåíèå ëèíèé â îáëàñòü (ðèñóíîê 5.6): Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Create>Areas>Arbitrary>By Lines âûáðàòü ìûøêîé âñå ëèíèè, çàòåì íàæàòü ÎÊ. (al,all) ! îáúåäèíåíèå ëèíèé â îáëàñòü Ðèñóíîê 5.6 - Îáúåäèíåíèå ëèíèé â îáëàñòü 10. Ïîëó÷åííóþ îáëàñòü íåîáõîäèìî âûòÿíóòü (ðèñóíîê 5.7): Modeling-Operate - Extrude - Areas - By XYZ offset (voffst,1,25) ! âûòÿãèâàíèå îáëàñòè íà âûñîòó Ðèñóíîê 5.7 - Âûòÿãèâàíèå îáëàñòè íà âûñîòó 11. Çàìåíà ëîêàëüíîé ñèñòåìû êîîðäèíàò: WorkPlane-Local Coordinate System - Create Local CS - At WP Origin… (local,100,0,0,0,-25,0,0,0,0,, wpcsys,1,100) 12. Ïîñòðîåíèå êîíòðîëüíûõ òî÷åê è ñîåäèíåíèå èõ ëèíèÿìè â íîâîé ñèñòåìå êîîðäèíàò, çàòåì îáúåäèíÿåì èõ â îáëàñòü è âûòÿãèâàåì íà âûñîòó. Ðåçóëüòàò ýòîãî ýòàïà ïðèâåäåí íà ðèñóíêå 5.8. (k,13,0,0,0 k,14,25,0,0 k,15,0,-25,0 L,13,14 L,14,15 L,15,13 al, 19, 20,21 voffst,9,35) Ðèñóíîê 5.8 - Ïîñòðîåíèå äåòàëè 13. Çàòåì îïÿòü ìåíÿåì ñèñòåìó êîîðäèíàò è ñòðîèì êîíòðîëüíûå òî÷êè, ñîåäèíÿåì èõ â ëèíèè. (local,100,0,0,0,-60,0,0,0,0,, wpcsys,1,100 k, 19,0,-13,0 k, 20,13,0,0 L,16, 19 L,16, 20) 14. Ñòðîèì äóãó, çàòåì äâå ëèíèè è äóãó îáúåäèíÿåì â îáëàñòü è âûòÿãèâàåì åå íà âûñîòó. (larc, 19, 20,16,13! ïîñòðîåíèå äóãè al,28,29,30 voffst,14,6) 15 Âû÷èòàíèå èç îäíîãî îáú¸ìà äðóãîãî (Ðèñóíîê 5.9): Main menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Subtract>Volumes (vsbv,2,3! âû÷èòàíèå îáú¸ìîâ) Ðèñóíîê 5.9 - Âû÷èòàíèå îáúåìà 16. Çàòåì îïÿòü ìåíÿåì ñèñòåìó êîîðäèíàò è ñòðîèì êîíòðîëüíûå òî÷êè, ñîåäèíÿåì èõ â ëèíèè, ñòðîèì äóãó, âñå ýòî îáúåäèíÿåì â îáëàñòü è âûòÿãèâàåì íà âûñîòó è òàêèì îáðàçîì ïîëó÷àåì öèëèíäð. (local,100,0,0,0,-54,0,0,0,0,, wpcsys,1,100 k,24,0,-6,0! ïîñòðîåíèå êîíòðîëüíûõ òî÷åê k,25,6,0,0 L,21,24! ïîñòðîåíèå ëèíèé L,21,25 larc,24,25,21,6! ïîñòðîåíèå äóãè al,22,24,25! îáúåäèíåíèå â îáëàñòü voffst,10,54) ! âûòÿãèâàíèå íà âûñîòó 17. Îáúåäèíåíèå îáú¸ìîâ: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling>Operate>Add>Volumes Âûáðàòü ìûøêîé îáú¸ìû è íàæàòü ÎÊ. (vadd,1,4) ! îáúåäèíåíèå îáú¸ìîâ 18 Çàòåì âû÷èòàåì èç îäíîãî îáúåìà ïîëó÷åííûé ðàíåå öèëèíäð (ðèñóíîê 5.10). (vsbv,3,2) ! âû÷èòàíèå îáúåìîâ Ðèñóíîê 5.10 - Âû÷èòàíèå îáúåìîâ 19. Çàäàíèå ðàçìåðà êîíå÷íûõ ýëåìåíòîâ: Main Menu>Preprocessor>Meshing>Size Cntrls>ManualSize>Global>Size  ïîëå Size ââåñòè ðàçìåð êîíå÷íîãî ýëåìåíòà = 5. (smrtsize,all,5) ! çàäàíèå ðàçìåðà êîíå÷íîãî ýëåìåíòà 20. Ðàçáèåíèå îáúåìà íà êîíå÷íûå ýëåìåíòû (ðèñóíîê 5.11): Main Menu>Preprocessor>Meshing>Mesh>Volumes>FreeMain (vmesh,all) Ðèñóíîê 5.11 - Ðàçáèåíèå íà êîíå÷íûå ýëåìåíòû 21. Âûõîä èç ïðåïðîöåññîðà: (FINISH) 22. Âõîä â ïðîöåññîð: (/SOLU) 23. Çàêðåïëåíèå îáëàñòåé ïî âñåì ñòåïåíÿì ñâîáîäû: Main Menu>Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>On AreasMain Âûäåëèòü ìûøêîé íóæíûå îáëàñòè è íàæàòü ÎÊ. (da,26,all) 24. Çàêðåïëåíèå ñèììåòðèè îáëàñòåé: Menu>Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Displacement>Symmetry B. C. >On Areas Âûäåëèòü ìûøêîé íóæíûå îáëàñòè è íàæàòü ÎÊ. (da,8,uy da,21,uy da,3,ux da, 20,ux) 25. Ïðèëîæåíèå íàãðóçêè ê îáëàñòÿì (ðèñóíîê 5.12): Main Menu>Solution>Define Loads>Apply>Structural>Pressure>On Areas Âûáðàòü ìûøêîé íóæíûå îáëàñòè, â ïîëå Valueíàáðàòü 100, è íàæàòü ÎÊ. (sfa,9,,pres,100) Ðèñóíîê 5.12 - Ïðèëîæåíèå íàãðóçêè 26. Âûïîëíåíèå ðàñ÷åòà (SOLVE) 27. Âûõîä èç ïðîöåññîðà (FINISH) 28. Âõîä â ïîñòïðîöåññîð îáùåãî ïîëüçîâàíèÿ (/POST1) 29. Ïðîñìîòð ðåçóëüòàòîâ (ðèñóíîê 5.13). Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results Âûáðàòü ðåæèì ïðîñìîòðà. (plnsol,u,sum,0,1) Ðèñóíîê 5.13 - Ïðîñìîòð ðåçóëüòàòîâ Äàííûé ìàøèííûé ýêñïåðèìåíò áóäåò âêëþ÷àòü â ñåáÿ èçìåíåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ ìîäåëè ñ îòêëîíåíèåì ±5 ìì. Äèàïàçîí ïàðàìåòðîâ èçìåíÿåòñÿ ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì: r îò 4 äî 9; R îò 11 äî 15; H îò 1 äî 10; Èçìåíÿÿ ïàðàìåòðû ìîäåëè, ìû ïîñðåäñòâîì ïðîãðàììû ANSYS, ñíèìàëè çíà÷åíèÿ σx
, σy
, σz
. Òàê êàê èçìåíÿåìûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ áûëî 3 è íóæíî áûëî ïðîâåñòè îïûòû âî âñåõ êîìáèíàöèÿõ, ìû ïîëó÷èëè 27 îïûòîâ, êîòîðûå ïðåäñòàâëåíû â òàáëèöå 6.1. Òàáëèöà 6.1 - Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ îïûòîâ Àíàëèç ïîëó÷åííûõ çàâèñèìîñòåé ïðîâîäèëñÿ ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðîãðàììû ANETR. Ñîçäàííûé è ðåàëèçîâàííûé íåòðàäèöèîííûé ìåòîä ïðîãðàììû ANETR áàçèðóåòñÿ íà ðàçðàáîòêàõ ïðîôåññîðà Ì.Ì. Ïðîòîäüÿêîíîâà. Îí ïîçâîëÿåò ðàáîòàòü â äàííûìè óïðàâëÿåìîãî è íåóïðàâëÿåìîãî ýêñïåðèìåíòîâ. Ìåòîä óíèâåðñàëåí êàê â îáëàñòè ïðèìåíåíèÿ, òàê è â âàðèàíòàõ ïîñòðîåíèÿ ìîäåëè: ìîäåëè ìîãóò èìåòü âèä ñóììû, ïðîèçâåäåíèÿ ÷àñòíûõ çàâèñèìîñòåé, èõ êîìáèíàöèè, ñ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîé íåéòðàëèçàöèåé âëèÿíèÿ ïðèîðèòåòíûõ àðãóìåíòîâ èëè áåç òàêîâîé. Âàæíûì ïðåèìóùåñòâîì ìåòîäà ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü ñ äîëæíûì óðîâíåì íàäåæíîñòè îöåíèòü âëèÿíèå òåõ àðãóìåíòîâ, êîòîðûå â òðàäèöèîííûõ ìåòîäàõ áóäóò èñêëþ÷åíû èç àíàëèçà êàê íå âëèÿþùèå íà öåëåâóþ ôóíêöèþ ñóùåñòâåííî (íàïðèìåð, ïî êðèòåðèþ Ôèøåðà). Ýòî îáåñïå÷èâàåòñÿ ïðîöåäóðîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîé íåéòðàëèçàöèè âëèÿíèÿ íà ôóíêöèþ ñèëüíî äåéñòâóþùèõ àðãóìåíòîâ, ïðè êîòîðîé è íà÷èíàåò ïðîÿâëÿòüñÿ âëèÿíèå áîëåå "ñëàáûõ" àðãóìåíòîâ. Ìåòîä äåòåðìèíèðîâàí, ò.å. ïîçâîëÿåò îãðàíè÷èâàòü âûáîð ìîäåëè èçâåñòíûìè äàííûìè ïî òåîðèè ïðîöåññà (òèï óðàâíåíèé, ïðåäåëû è ò.ä.). Íà âûõîäå ïðîãðàììà, êðîìå àíàëèòè÷åñêîãî õàðàêòåðà ÷àñòíûõ ñâÿçåé, äàåò èõ ãðàôèêè, îöåíêó íàäåæíîñòè. Ðàíæèðóåò ôàêòîðû ïî ñèëå âîçäåéñòâèÿ íà ðåçóëüòàò, ïîçâîëÿåò âûäåëèòü ñóùåñòâåííî âëèÿþùèå ôàêòîðû. Ãðàôèêè ÷àñòíûõ ñâÿçåé ïîçâîëÿþò ïðîâîäèòü îïòèìèçàöèþ ïðîöåññà áåç ïðèìåíåíèÿ ñïåöèàëüíîãî ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîãî àïïàðàòà. Ðàçðàáîòêà ìîäåëåé ñâîäèòñÿ ê ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîìó âûïîëíåíèþ ñëåäóþùèõ ýòàïîâ: Ïëàíèðîâàíèå ýêñïåðèìåíòà; Ïðîâåäåíèå ýêñïåðèìåíòà; Ñîñòàâëåíèå çàêàçà íà ìîäåëè; Àíàëèç ìîäåëè. Äëÿ íà÷àëà ìû ôîðìèðóåì ôàéë äëÿ ðàáîòû ñ ïðîãðàììîé ANETR: Äëÿ σx
:
B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=1; 4=F (1; 2;3); 1 6 13 6 61.84 62.746 107.573 2 6 13 1 49.494 47.841 96.654 3 6 13 10 54.293 64.308 97.772 4 6 11 6 73.727 68.827 108.093 5 6 15 6 58.683 54.223 106.188 6 6 11 1 52.754 53.011 107.432 7 6 11 10 44.734 56.755 105.237 8 6 15 1 46.811 48.589 108.531 9 6 15 10 47.373 52.555 97.67 10 4 13 6 46.682 48.097 81.004 11 4 11 6 48.93 41.278 82.495 12 4 15 6 53.186 47.617 80.986 13 4 11 1 38.02 44.192 95.672 14 4 11 10 49.812 41.77 91.161 15 4 15 1 37.227 37.348 95.51 16 4 15 10 41.7 44.667 91.307 17 9 11 6 101.439 114.478 131.362 18 9 11 1 168.002 159.947 125.308 19 9 11 10 92.06 90.598 126.622 20 9 13 6 111.459 110.351 120.552 21 9 13 1 148.791 163.141 118.298 22 9 13 10 102.164 115.427 120.214 23 9 15 6 104.629 146.047 127.884 24 9 15 1 158.741 148.498 129.646 25 9 15 10 107.96 115.379 129.244 26 4 13 1 41.357 38.541 93.753 27 4 13 10 38.244 35.417 94.541 /* Äëÿ σy
:
Ìåíÿåì òîëüêî âåðõíþþ ÷àñòü ôàéëà. Êóäà ââîäèì äàííûå: B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=2; 5=F (1; 2; 3); Äëÿ σz
:
Ìåíÿåì òîëüêî âåðõíþþ ÷àñòü ôàéëà. Êóäà ââîäèì äàííûå: B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=1; 6=F (1; 2; 3); Ïîñëå îáðàáîòêè ìû ïîëó÷àåì ñëåäóþùèå ðåçóëüòàòû Äëÿ σx
: Àïïðîêñèìèðóþùèå óðàâíåíèÿ: Ïî 1-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y1= A * X**2 + B * X + C Ãäå A= 3.42944E+00 B= - 2.90415E+01 C= 1.05229E+02 Ïî 2-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y2= A * X**2 + B * X + C Ãäå A= 2.27839E-01 B= - 6.26915E+00 C= 1.15724E+02 Ïî 3-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y3= A + B * X Ãäå A= 8.46799E+01 B= - 2.00161E+00 Âèä îáîáùåííîãî óðàâíåíèÿ Y=Y (1) *Y (2) *Y (3) / 5.378386E+03 Ïîäñòàâèâ â óðàâíåíèå Y óðàâíåíèÿ ïî âñåì òðåì ôàêòîðàì ñ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèìè êîýôôèöèåíòàìè ïîëó÷èì: Äàííîå óðàâíåíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàâèñèìîñòüþ σx
îò áàçîâûõ ðàçìåðîâ. ÑÊÎ%= 32.11 Äëÿ σy
: Àïïðîêñèìèðóþùèå óðàâíåíèÿ: Ïî 1-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y1= 1/ (A + B * X) Ãäå A= 3.67374E-02 B= - 3.21271E-03 Ïî 2-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y2= A + B / X Ãäå A= 8.46504E+01 B= - 1.10833E+02 Ïî 3-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y3 = A + B * X Ãäå A= 8.45668E+01 B= - 1.51408E+00 Âèä îáîáùåííîãî óðàâíåíèÿ Y= Y (1) *Y (2) *Y (3) / 5.774019E+03 Ïîäñòàâèâ â óðàâíåíèå Y óðàâíåíèÿ ïî âñåì òðåì ôàêòîðàì ñ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèìè êîýôôèöèåíòàìè ïîëó÷èì: Äàííîå óðàâíåíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàâèñèìîñòüþ σy
îò áàçîâûõ ðàçìåðîâ. ÑÊÎ%= 28.00 Äëÿ σz
: Àïïðîêñèìèðóþùèå óðàâíåíèÿ: Ïî 1-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y1= A + B * X Ãäå A= 6.08987E+01 B= 7.17218E+00 Ïî 2-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y2= A * X**2 + B * X + C Ãäå A= 1.10477E+00 B= - 2.88999E+01 C= 1.86047E+02 Ïî 3-ìó ôàêòîðó: Y3 = A * X**2 + B * X + C Ãäå A= 8.42139E-02 B= - 1.13545E+00 C= 2.58845E+00 Âèä îáîáùåííîãî óðàâíåíèÿ Y= Y (1) +Y (2) +Y (3) Ïîäñòàâèâ â óðàâíåíèå Y óðàâíåíèÿ ïî âñåì òðåì ôàêòîðàì ñ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèìè êîýôôèöèåíòàìè ïîëó÷èì: Äàííîå óðàâíåíèå ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàâèñèìîñòüþ σz
îò áàçîâûõ ðàçìåðîâ. ÑÊÎ%= 28.69  ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîáíîãî ðàñ÷åòà ïðè ïàðàìåòðàõ r = 5 R=12 H=3, ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðîãðàììû ANSYS áûëî ïîëó÷åíî: σx
= 48,517 σy
= 59,969 σz
= 89, 192 Ïðè ðàñ÷åòå ñ ïîìîùüþ óðàâíåíèé ïîëó÷åííûõ ÷åðåç ANETR ìû ïîëó÷èëè: σx
= 49.06472 σy
= 50.55656 σz
= 95.03471 Ñðàâíèâàÿ çíà÷åíèÿ ïðîáíîãî ðàñ÷åòà, ïîëó÷åííûå ñ ïîìîùüþ ANSYS ìîæíî ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ðàñõîæäåíèÿ ñîâñåì íåçíà÷èòåëüíûå. Äàííûå çíà÷åíèÿ ÑÊÎ ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî óðàâíåíèÿ äëÿ ìîäåëè áûëè íàéäåíû ïðàâèëüíî è èõ âîçìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü â ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ çàäà÷àõ â çàäàííîì äèàïàçîíå.  õîäå âûïîëíåíèÿ äàííîãî êóðñîâîãî ïðîåêòà áûëè ðåøåíû âñå ïîñòàâëåííûå çàäà÷è, à èìåííî: 1. Ñîçäàíà ðàñ÷åòíàÿ ñõåìà àíàëèçà íà îñíîâàíèè ñðàâíèòåëüíîãî àíàëèçà ÷èñëåííûõ ìåòîäîâ, à òàêæå ïðîãðàììíûõ è òåõíè÷åñêèõ ñðåäñòâ èõ îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ; 2. Ñîçäàí âûáîð ìåòîäà àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî àíàëèçà îáúåêòà ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ; 3. Ñïëàíèðîâàí è ïðîâåäåí ýêñïåðèìåíò, àíàëèçèðóÿ ðåçóëüòàòû êîòîðîãî, ïðèõîäèì ê âûâîäó, ÷òî äàííàÿ ìîäåëü ìîæåò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ ñ ïàðàìåòðàìè: r = 5 R = 12 H=3 1. Íóðãóæèí Ì.Ð., Ñòåïàíîâ Ï.Á. Ïðèêëàäíàÿ òåîðèÿ ñèñòåì. Ìèêðî - è ìàêðîìîäåëèðîâàíèå: ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå. - Êàðàãàíäà: ÊàðÏÒÈ, 1994. -132ñ. 2. Íóðãóæèí Ì.Ð., Äàíåíîâà Ã.Ò., Êàöàãà Ò.ß. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå: êóðñîâîå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå. - Êàðàãàíäà: ÊàðÃÒÓ, 2001. -102ñ. 3. Íóðãóæèí Ì.Ð., Äàíåíîâà Ã.Ò. Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå ñèñòåì è êîìïëåêñîâ: Ëàáîðàòîðíûé ïðàêòèêóì: Ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå. - Êàðàãàíäà: ÊàðÃÒÓ, 2006. -97ñ. Ïðèëîæåíèå À Ðåçóëüòàòû ANETR äëÿ σx
B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=2;4=F (1; 2;3); 1 6.18400E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 2 4.94940E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 3 5.42930E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 4 7.37270E+01 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 5 5.86830E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 6 5.27540E+01 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 7 4.47340E+01 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 8 4.68110E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 9 4.73730E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 10 4.66820E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 11 4.89300E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 12 5.31860E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 13 3.80200E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 14 4.98120E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 15 3.72270E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 16 4.17000E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 17 1.01439E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 18 1.68002E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 19 9.20600E+01 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 20 1.11459E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 21 1.48791E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 22 1.02164E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 23 1.04629E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 24 1.58741E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 25 1.07960E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 26 4.13570E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 27 3.82440E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 Min 3.72270E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 Max 1.68002E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 Ž‘ = 7.334E+01 ‘ŠŽ = 3.899E+01 ‘Š’ = 27 --------------------------------------------------------------- 3_ 3.72E+01 6.34E+01 8.95E+01 1.16E+02 1.42E+02 1.68E+02 X Y YP KT 4.00E+00+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 4.00000E+00 4.39064E+01 4.39337E+01 9! 3 2@211 ! * ! * ! * 4.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 6.00E+00+ * 6.00000E+00 5.44121E+01 5.44394E+01 9! 1211@11 1 ! * ! * ! * 6.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 9.00E+00+ * 9.00000E+00 1.21694E+02 1.21639E+02 9! 1 2111 @ 1 1 1 3$ ‚ˆ„ 11 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 1 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A * X**2 + B * X + C A= 3.42944E+00 B= - 2.90415E+01 C= 1.05229E+02 CKO= 1.69351E+01 CKO%= 43.4 CKO CP. = 3.92639E-02 3_ 3.72E+01 6.34E+01 8.95E+01 1.16E+02 1.42E+02 1.68E+02 X Y YP KT 1.10E+01+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 1.10000E+01 7.43864E+01 7.43320E+01 9! 1 1111 @ 1 1 1 ! * ! * ! * 1.14E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.18E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.22E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.26E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.30E+01+ * 1.30000E+01 7.27027E+01 7.27299E+01 9! 1 1 11 1 1 @ 1 1 1 ! * ! * ! * 1.34E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.38E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.42E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.46E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.50E+01+ * 1.50000E+01 7.29233E+01 7.29506E+01 9! 1 1 2 1 1 @ 11 1 3$ ‚ˆ„ 11 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 2 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A * X**2 + B * X + C A= 2.27839E-01 B= - 6.26915E+00 C= 1.15724E+02 CKO= 3.89802E+01 CKO%= 100.0 CKO CP. = 3.92639E-02 3_ 3.72E+01 6.34E+01 8.95E+01 1.16E+02 1.42E+02 1.68E+02 X Y YP KT 1.00E+00+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 1.00000E+00 8.23552E+01 8.26783E+01 9! 2 1 111 @ 1 1 1 ! * ! * ! * 1.90E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 2.80E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 3.70E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 4.60E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.50E+00+ * ! * ! * 6.00000E+00 7.33972E+01 7.26703E+01 9! 2 1 11 @ 11 1 ! * 6.40E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.30E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.20E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 9.10E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.00E+01+ * 1.00000E+01 6.42600E+01 6.46639E+01 9! 1 1111 1 @ 1 1 1 3$ ‚ˆ„ 1 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 3 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A + B * X A= 8.46799E+01 B= - 2.00161E+00 CKO= 3.82575E+01 CKO%= 98.1 CKO CP. = 5.24895E-01*********************************************************************************************************************** ‘ŠŽ = 1.25204418E+01 R = 9.39903264E-01 *********************************************************************************************************************** Ž ’ Š ‹ Ž � … � ˆ Ÿ 27 - 1.72726E-01 9 - 3.74577E-01 25 1.27272E+00 16 3.16672E+00 10 3.50867E+00 7 - 3.91772E+00 22 - 4.20056E+00 11 4.80567E+00 5 5.02351E+00 3 6.68985E+00 26 - 7.76209E+00 20 - 8.07520E+00 1 8.34282E+00 6 - 9.45141E+00 12 9.88168E+00 14 1.05491E+01 2 - 1.13707E+01 15 - 1.20411E+01 13 - 1.21811E+01 21 1.27948E+01 8 - 1.42384E+01 23 - 1.52679E+01 19 - 1.66475E+01 4 1.90514E+01 17 - 2.07282E+01 24 2.23321E+01 18 2.90101E+01 *********************************************************************************************************************** ‚ˆ„ Ž�Ž�™…��ŽƒŽ “P€‚�…�ˆŸ Y (4) =Y (1) *Y (2) *Y (3) / 5.378386E+03 *********************************************************************************************************************** ƒ�€”ˆŠ ˆ‡Œ…�…�ˆŸ ‘ Š Ž 3_ 0.00E+00 7.80E+00 1.56E+01 2.34E+01 3.12E+01 3.90E+01 OT ‘�…„�…ƒŽ ‡�€-…�ˆŸ ”“�Š-ˆˆ ‘ Š Ž = 3.89876382E+01+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------* ! 20 40 60 80 100% ! �Ž‘‹… *** ”€Š’Ž�€ ‘ Š Ž = 1.25204418E+01+ * 3$ *********************************************************************************************************************** ”ŽPŒ“‹ŸP ŒŽ„…‹ˆ „€’€: 28/4/2008 Ž’P€�Ž’€�Ž 27 Ž�›’Ž‚ ‡€Š€‡-ˆŠ: B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=2; 4=F (1; 2; 3); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! N! N! KŽ�””ˆ-ˆ…�’› “P€‚�…�ˆ‰! CKO%!! ‘ŠŽ. ‘�%! ! €Pƒ! “P-Ÿ! - ----------------------------------------------------------! - -------------! R! - -------------! !!! A! B! C! D! 100!! 100! ! - ---! - ---! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! !!!!!!!!!! ! 1! 11! 3.4294362E+00! - 2.9041529E+01! 1.0522883E+02!! 43.4!! 0.1! !!!!!!!!!! ! 2! 11! 2.2783876E-01! - 6.2691519E+00! 1.1572414E+02!! 100.0!! 8.2! !!!!!!!!!! ! 3! 1! 8.4679913E+01! - 2.0016056E+00!!! 98.1!! 109.6! !!!!!!!!!! ! ***! ***!!!!! 32.1! 9.3990326E-01!! !!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DMAX = 2.9010124E+01 ( 18) CKO% = 32.11 ŠŽ�””ˆ-ˆ…�’ ”ˆ˜…P€ F = 9.69649; F (001) = 2.52846; F (005) = 1.92428 ‚›�Ž‹�ˆ‹ *********************************************************************************************************************** Ïðèëîæåíèå Á Ðåçóëüòàòû ANETR äëÿ σy
B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=2; 5=F (1; 2;3); 1 6.27460E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 2 4.78410E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 3 6.43080E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 4 6.88270E+01 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 5 5.42230E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 6 5.30110E+01 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 7 5.67550E+01 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 8 4.85890E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 9 5.25550E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 10 4.80970E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 11 4.12780E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 12 4.76170E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 13 4.41920E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 14 4.17700E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 15 3.73480E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 16 4.46670E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 17 1.14478E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 18 1.59947E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 19 9.05980E+01 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 20 1.10351E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 21 1.63141E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 22 1.15427E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 23 1.46047E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 24 1.48498E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 25 1.15379E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 26 3.85410E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 27 3.54170E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 Min 3.54170E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 Max 1.63141E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 Ž‘ = 7.599E+01 ‘ŠŽ = 4.165E+01 ‘Š’ = 27 --------------------------------------------------------------- 3_ 3.54E+01 6.10E+01 8.65E+01 1.12E+02 1.38E+02 1.63E+02 X Y YP KT 4.00E+00+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 4.00000E+00 4.21030E+01 4.18644E+01 9! 122@12 ! * ! * ! * 4.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 6.00E+00+ * 6.00000E+00 5.65394E+01 5.72698E+01 9! 2 3@* 2 1 ! * ! * ! * 6.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 9.00E+00+ * 9.00000E+00 1.29318E+02 1.27827E+02 9! 1 1 3 @ 11 11 3$ ‚ˆ„ 7 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 1 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = 1/ (A + B * X) A= 3.67374E-02 B= - 3.21271E-03 CKO= 1.49386E+01 CKO%= 35.9 CKO CP. = 9.87110E-01 3_ 3.54E+01 6.10E+01 8.65E+01 1.12E+02 1.38E+02 1.63E+02 X Y YP KT 1.10E+01+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 1.10000E+01 7.45396E+01 7.45746E+01 9! 21 11 1 @ 1 1 1 ! * ! * ! * 1.14E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.18E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.22E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.26E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.30E+01+ * 1.30000E+01 7.62077E+01 7.61248E+01 9! 11 2 2 @ 1 1 1 ! * ! * ! * 1.34E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.38E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.42E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.46E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.50E+01+ * 1.50000E+01 7.72137E+01 7.72615E+01 9! 1 12 2 @ 1 11 3$ ‚ˆ„ 3 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 2 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A + B / X A= 8.46504E+01 B= - 1.10833E+02 CKO= 4.16392E+01 CKO%= 100.0 CKO CP. = 5.99823E-02 3_ 3.54E+01 6.10E+01 8.65E+01 1.12E+02 1.38E+02 1.63E+02 X Y YP KT 1.00E+00+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 1.00000E+00 8.23453E+01 8.30527E+01 9! 2 1 2 1 @* 1 11 ! * ! * ! * 1.90E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 2.80E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 3.70E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 4.60E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.50E+00+ * ! * ! * 6.00000E+00 7.70738E+01 7.54823E+01 9! 1 2 1 1 1 @ 1 1 1 ! * 6.40E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.30E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.20E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 9.10E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.00E+01+ * 1.00000E+01 6.85418E+01 6.94259E+01 9! 1 1 1 11 1 @ 1 2 3$ ‚ˆ„ 1 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 3 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A + B * X A= 8.45668E+01 B= - 1.51408E+00 CKO= 4.12651E+01 CKO%= 99.1 CKO CP. = 1.14916E+00*********************************************************************************************************************** ‘ŠŽ = 1.16635160E+01 R = 9.54656513E-01 *********************************************************************************************************************** Ž ’ Š ‹ Ž � … � ˆ Ÿ 11 4.64553E-01 9 - 6.47581E-01 13 - 7.14781E-01 22 - 1.57465E+00 27 - 2.90206E+00 25 - 3.36981E+00 5 - 3.62067E+00 14 4.23122E+00 12 5.33308E+00 7 5.40261E+00 1 5.75339E+00 16 5.77573E+00 10 6.43520E+00 24 6.44152E+00 26 - 7.29922E+00 6 - 8.42069E+00 15 - 9.17674E+00 17 - 1.01399E+01 3 1.18882E+01 4 1.29949E+01 2 - 1.48676E+01 8 - 1.50560E+01 20 - 1.68572E+01 23 1.69392E+01 18 2.28307E+01 21 2.31746E+01 19 - 2.40212E+01 *********************************************************************************************************************** ‚ˆ„ Ž�Ž�™…��ŽƒŽ “P€‚�…�ˆŸ Y (5) =Y (1) *Y (2) *Y (3) / 5.774019E+03 *********************************************************************************************************************** ƒ�€”ˆŠ ˆ‡Œ…�…�ˆŸ ‘ Š Ž 3_ 0.00E+00 8.33E+00 1.67E+01 2.50E+01 3.33E+01 4.17E+01 OT ‘�…„�…ƒŽ ‡�€-…�ˆŸ ”“�Š-ˆˆ ‘ Š Ž = 4.16542733E+01+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------* ! 20 40 60 80 100% ! �Ž‘‹… *** ”€Š’Ž�€ ‘ Š Ž = 1.16635160E+01+ * 3$ *********************************************************************************************************************** ”ŽPŒ“‹ŸP ŒŽ„…‹ˆ „€’€: 4/5/2008 Ž’P€�Ž’€�Ž 27 Ž�›’Ž‚ ‡€Š€‡-ˆŠ: B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=2; 5=F (1; 2; 3); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! N! N! KŽ�””ˆ-ˆ…�’› “P€‚�…�ˆ‰! CKO%!! ‘ŠŽ. ‘�%! ! €Pƒ! “P-Ÿ! - ----------------------------------------------------------! - -------------! R! - -------------! !!! A! B! C! D! 100!! 100! ! - ---! - ---! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! !!!!!!!!!! ! 1! 7! 3.6737450E-02! - 3.2127082E-03!!! 35.9!! 2.5! !!!!!!!!!! ! 2! 3! 8.4650388E+01! - 1.1083328E+02!!! 100.0!! 11.7! !!!!!!!!!! ! 3! 1! 8.4566750E+01! - 1.5140801E+00!!! 99.1!! 224.5! !!!!!!!!!! ! ***! ***!!!!! 28.0! 9.5465651E-01!! !!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DMAX = - 2.4021168E+01 ( 19) CKO% = 28.00 ŠŽ�””ˆ-ˆ…�’ ”ˆ˜…P€ F = 12.75440; F (001) = 2.52846; F (005) = 1.92428 ‚›�Ž‹�ˆ‹ *********************************************************************************************************************** Ïðèëîæåíèå  Ðåçóëüòàòû ANETR äëÿ σz
B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=1; 6=F (1; 2;3); 1 1.07573E+02 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 2 9.66540E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 3 9.77720E+01 6.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 4 1.08093E+02 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 5 1.06188E+02 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 6 1.07432E+02 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 7 1.05237E+02 6.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 8 1.08531E+02 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 9 9.76700E+01 6.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 10 8.10040E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 11 8.24950E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 12 8.09860E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 13 9.56720E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 14 9.11610E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 15 9.55100E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 16 9.13070E+01 4.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 17 1.31362E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 6.00000E+00 18 1.25308E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 19 1.26622E+02 9.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+01 20 1.20552E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 6.00000E+00 21 1.18298E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 22 1.20214E+02 9.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 23 1.27884E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 6.00000E+00 24 1.29646E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+00 25 1.29244E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 26 9.37530E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+00 27 9.45410E+01 4.00000E+00 1.30000E+01 1.00000E+01 Min 8.09860E+01 4.00000E+00 1.10000E+01 1.00000E+00 Max 1.31362E+02 9.00000E+00 1.50000E+01 1.00000E+01 Ž‘ = 1.063E+02 ‘ŠŽ = 1.588E+01 ‘Š’ = 27 --------------------------------------------------------------- 3_ 8.10E+01 9.11E+01 1.01E+02 1.11E+02 1.21E+02 1.31E+02 X Y YP KT 4.00E+00+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 4.00000E+00 8.96032E+01 8.95875E+01 9! 21 @2 211 ! * ! * ! * 4.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 6.00E+00+ * 6.00000E+00 1.03906E+02 1.03932E+02 9! 12 @1122 ! * ! * ! * 6.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.00E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.50E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 9.00E+00+ * 9.00000E+00 1.25459E+02 1.25448E+02 9! 1 2 @1 12 1 3$ ‚ˆ„ 1 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 1 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A + B * X A= 6.08987E+01 B= 7.17218E+00 CKO= 5.17057E+00 CKO%= 32.6 CKO CP. = 1.90567E-02 R= 9.432861E-01 *********************************************************************************************************************** 3_ 8.10E+01 9.11E+01 1.01E+02 1.11E+02 1.21E+02 1.31E+02 X Y YP KT 1.10E+01+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 1.10000E+01 1.08154E+02 1.08147E+02 9! 1 12@ 2 2 ! * ! * ! * 1.14E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.18E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.22E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.26E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.30E+01+ * 1.30000E+01 1.03373E+02 1.03377E+02 9! 1212 @ 21 ! * ! * ! * 1.34E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.38E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.42E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.46E+01+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.50E+01+ * 1.50000E+01 1.07441E+02 1.07444E+02 9! 1 1 @21211 3$ ‚ˆ„ 11 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 2 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A * X**2 + B * X + C A= 1.10477E+00 B= - 2.88999E+01 C= 1.86047E+02 CKO= 4.70435E+00 CKO%= 29.6 CKO CP. = 4.40933E-03 R= 9.512971E-01 *********************************************************************************************************************** 3_ 8.10E+01 9.11E+01 1.01E+02 1.11E+02 1.21E+02 1.31E+02 X Y YP KT 1.00E+00+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+- 1.00000E+00 1.07867E+02 1.07860E+02 9! 2 1 @121 1 ! * ! * ! * 1.90E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 2.80E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 3.70E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 4.60E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 5.50E+00+ * ! * ! * 6.00000E+00 1.05126E+02 1.05130E+02 9! 11 1 1@ 21 1 1 ! * 6.40E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 7.30E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 8.20E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 9.10E+00+ * ! * ! * ! * ! * 1.00E+01+ * 1.00000E+01 1.05974E+02 1.05978E+02 9! 1 11 @1 1 1 3$ ‚ˆ„ 11 “�€‚�…�ˆŸ �Ž 3 ”€Š’Ž�“ Y = A * X**2 + B * X + C A= 8.42139E-02 B= - 1.13545E+00 C= 2.58845E+00 CKO= 4.55717E+00 CKO%= 28.7 CKO CP. = 5.29090E-03 R= 9.523351E-01 *********************************************************************************************************************** Ž ’ Š ‹ Ž � … � ˆ Ÿ 14 9.33221E-02 6 1.38079E-01 7 - 1.75046E-01 19 - 3.06599E-01 20 - 7.57778E-01 16 9.43032E-01 24 1.53924E+00 8 1.94079E+00 22 - 1.94367E+00 5 2.32755E+00 23 2.50700E+00 13 2.72245E+00 3 - 2.86911E+00 25 3.01911E+00 15 3.26416E+00 18 - 3.50247E+00 4 3.52884E+00 10 - 4.44486E+00 17 5.28129E+00 26 5.57438E+00 21 - 5.74154E+00 2 - 5.86899E+00 9 - 7.03834E+00 11 - 7.72479E+00 1 7.77977E+00 27 8.24425E+00 12 - 8.53008E+00 *********************************************************************************************************************** ‚ˆ„ Ž�Ž�™…��ŽƒŽ “P€‚�…�ˆŸ Y (6) =Y (1) +Y (2) +Y (3) *********************************************************************************************************************** ƒ�€”ˆŠ ˆ‡Œ…�…�ˆŸ ‘ Š Ž 3_ 0.00E+00 3.18E+00 6.35E+00 9.53E+00 1.27E+01 1.59E+01 OT ‘�…„�…ƒŽ ‡�€-…�ˆŸ ”“�Š-ˆˆ ‘ Š Ž = 1.58833364E+01+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------* ! 20 40 60 80 100% ! �Ž‘‹… 1 ”€Š’Ž�€ ‘ Š Ž = 5.17056730E+00+ * ! ! �Ž‘‹… 2 ”€Š’Ž�€ ‘ Š Ž = 4.70435362E+00+ * ! ! �Ž‘‹… 3 ”€Š’Ž�€ ‘ Š Ž = 4.55717450E+00+ * 3$ *********************************************************************************************************************** ”ŽPŒ“‹ŸP ŒŽ„…‹ˆ „€’€: 4/5/2008 Ž’P€�Ž’€�Ž 27 Ž�›’Ž‚ ‡€Š€‡-ˆŠ: B=6; E=2; G=1; L=11; P=1; 6=F (1; 2; 3); ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ! N! N! KŽ�””ˆ-ˆ…�’› “P€‚�…�ˆ‰! CKO%!! ‘ŠŽ. ‘�%! ! €Pƒ! “P-Ÿ! - ----------------------------------------------------------! - -------------! R! - -------------! !!! A! B! C! D! 100!! 100! ! - ---! - ---! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! - -------------! !!!!!!!!!! ! 1! 1! 6.0898722E+01! 7.1721842E+00!!! 32.6! 9.4328610E-01! 0.1! !!!!!!!!!! ! 2! 11! 1.1047693E+00! - 2.8899930E+01! 1.8604702E+02!! 29.6! 9.5129706E-01! 3.1! !!!!!!!!!! ! 3! 11! 8.4213889E-02! - 1.1354500E+00! 2.5884491E+00!! 28.7! 9.5233506E-01! 3.7! !!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DMAX = - 8.5300788E+00 ( 12) CKO% = 28.69 ŠŽ�””ˆ-ˆ…�’ ”ˆ˜…P€ F = 12.14765; F (001) = 2.52846; F (005) = 1.92428 ‚›�Ž‹�ˆ‹ *********************************************************************************************************************** Ïðèëîæåíèå à Êîìàíäíûé ôàéë /filnam, massiv! Îïðåäåëåíèå èìåíè ôàéëà /title,lab_3! Îïðåäåëåíèå çàãîëîâêà çàäà÷è /prep7 ! Âõîä â ïðåïðîöåññîð a=6! h b=13! R c=6! r et,1,92! Çàäàíèå òèïà ýëåìåíòà mp,ex,1, 200000Çàäàíèå ñâîéñòâ ìàòåðèàëà mp,ey,1, 200000 mp,ez,1, 200000 mp,nuxy,1,0.3 mp,nuxz,1,0.3 mp,nuyz,1,0.3 k,1,0,0,0! Ïîñòðîåíèå òî÷åê k,2,60,0,0 k,3,60,-50,0 k,4,15,-50,0 k,5,15,-40,0 k,6,0,-40,0 L,1,2! Ïîñòðîåíèå ëèíèé L,2,3 L,3,4 L,4,5 L,5,6 L,6,1 al,all! Îáúåäèíåíèå â îáëàñòü voffst,1,25! Âûòÿãèâàíèå íà âûñîòó local,100,0,0,0,-25,0,0,0,0,,! Ñìåùåíèå ñèñòåìû êîîðäèíàò wpcsys,1,100 k,13,0,0,0 k,14,25,0,0 k,15,0,-25,0 L,13,14 L,14,15 L,15,13 al, 19, 20,21 voffst,9,35 local,100,0,0,0,-60,0,0,0,0,, wpcsys,1,100 k, 19,0,-13,0 k, 20,13,0,0 L,16, 19 L,16, 20 larc, 19, 20,16,13! Ïîñòðîåíèå äóãè al,28,29,30 voffst,14,6 vsbv,2,3! Âû÷èòàíèå îáúåìîâ local,100,0,0,0,-54,0,0,0,0,, wpcsys,1,100 k,24,0,-6,0 k,25,6,0,0 L,21,24 L,21,25 larc,24,25,21,6 al,22,24,25 voffst,10,54 vadd,1,4! Îáúåäèíåíèå îáúåìîâ vsbv,3,2 smrtsize,all,5! Çàäàíèå ðàçìåðà êîíå÷íîãî ýëåìåíòà vmesh,all! Ðàçáèåíèå íà êîíå÷íûå ýëåìåíòû /solu! Âõîä â ïðîöåññîð da,26,all! Çàêðåïëåíèå îáëàñòåé da,8,uy da,21,uy da,3,ux da, 20,ux sfa,9,,pres,100! Ïðèëîæåíèå íàãðóçêè solve! Çàïóñê çàäà÷è íà ðåøåíèå /post1! Âõîä â ïîñòïðîöåññîð plnsol,u,sum,0,1! ïðîñìîòð íàïðÿæåíèé
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